虚拟手术中实时碰撞检测技术研究

碰撞检测是虚拟手术的关键技术,为提高检测速度,满足系统实时性的要求,提出空间剖分和层次包围盒相结合的方法。使用八叉树表示法对虚拟场景进行空间剖分,在叶节点构建层次包围盒。进行碰撞检测时属于不同八叉树节点的几何元素不会相交,否则使用层次包围盒算法继续进行检测,对于有可能相交的几何元素再进行精确相交检测。     

碰撞检测在大型虚拟场景中的应用

为了达到虚拟机器人在场景中漫游,要求实时地检测机器人与建筑物之间的碰撞.针对这种检测对于干涉精度要求不高,而对实时性要求较高的特点,采用假想长方体代替复杂物体进行OBB包围盒的计算方法,大大简化了计算复杂度.变化的虚拟场景,需要时刻更新包围盒,来判断机器人与环境物体是否碰撞.为了提高实时性,采取以下措施:只更新位置发生变化的物体的包围盒,静止物体的包围盒只做一次计算;找出与机器人距离最近的物体,只检测该物体与机器人是否碰撞,其他物体不进行检测.以上措施提高了计算速度,增强了检测的实时性.     

基于GPU流计算模式的非凸体碰撞检测算法的研究

针对虚拟坐标测量系统中非凸物体间的碰撞检测问题,将非凸体分解为三角形面片,利用可编程图形处理单元(GPU)的流计算优势,将分离轴检测算法映射到图形硬件的片断着色器中,以计算三角形间的相交情况.结果表明,该算法在处理流数据时具有良好的实时性和稳定性.     

基于可见性查询的凸体碰撞检测算法

虚拟制造、机器人路径规划等许多应用都需进行实时的碰撞检测.论文提出一种新的凸体碰撞检测算法,此算法基于主流图形硬件的可见性查询功能,克服了同类图像空间算法需从显存回读大量数据的缺点,并可一次提交多个物体对的碰撞检测.实验表明该算法有效提高了碰撞检测的效率.     

面向四面体网格生成的曲面Delaunay三角化算法

提出了一种曲面域Delaunay三角网格的直接构造算法。该算法在曲面网格剖分的边界递归算法和限定Delaunay四面体化算法的基础上,利用曲面采样点集的空间Delaunay四面体网格来辅助曲面三角网格的生成,曲面上的三角网格根据最小空球最小准则由辅助四面体网格中选取,每个三角形都满足三维Delaunay空球准则,网格质量有保证,并且极大的方便了进一步的曲面边界限定下的Delaunay四面体化的进行。     

改进算法的非刚体模型碰撞检测研究

碰撞检测问题是非刚性物体碰撞中的关键问题之一,是制约非刚性物体实时碰撞的瓶颈,提出一种新方法,将非刚体模型划分为无限多的面片,使得非刚体模型与其他物体发生碰撞检测时,精确到非刚体模型某点与其他物体发生碰撞,从而将非刚体模型的碰撞检测问题归结为刚体模型之间的碰撞检测问题来讨论,该方法能够达到很强的实时性和真实感,具有较好的实用性。     

基于特征点的快速碰撞检测算法

在Lin-Canny算法的基础上,提出一种虚拟环境下面向凸体的动态、实时碰撞检测方法。该方法采用模型的特征点集合来描述其外部轮廓,通过改进的最近特征对获取方法和提出的中心定位算法来进行碰撞检测。实验给出了基于特征点的碰撞检测算法与基于包围盒算法的比较结果,证明了所提出算法的优越性。     

在线检测过程中碰撞检测技术的研究

在线检测过程中，规划的检测路径要求测头在实际的检测过程中避免发生碰撞。本文论述了基于三角网格模型的碰撞检测方法，提出了基于AABB包围体的碰撞检测算法，很好地解决了测头模型与零件三角网格模型的碰撞检测问题。并且提出了适于危险路径段之间零件表面形状的路径修改方法，使测头在实际检测过程中安全地绕过危险区。     

虚拟装备维修训练系统中碰撞可能性预检测技术

对多对象间四维时空实时碰撞检测技术进行了研究，分析了基于简单包围盒技术的碰撞检测带来的问题，设计了基于路径包围盒关键点技术的可能性碰撞检测方法．该方法利用空间平铺技术快速检测不同路径包围盒问轨迹相交的可能性．在虚拟装备维修训练系统中结合实体对象运动速度判断实体对象碰撞的可能性，用体系哈希表（Hierarchical Hash Table）查找路径包围盒间交集，构建可能碰撞路径集，采用路径检测法对可能发生碰撞的路径进行关键点分析，确定碰撞部位，提出了基于路径包围盒关键点技术的可能性碰撞检测方法的实施策略，并在虚拟维修训练系统中进行了实现．     

基于Minkowski差构造技术的凸体碰撞检测算法

碰撞检测是自然环境计算机模拟的基础，在计算机图形、CAD／CAM、机器人等领域有着广泛的应用。笔者提出了一个用于具有曲面边界凸体的碰撞检测的算法，通过构造两个凸体的Minkowski差来快速的检测两个凸体是否碰撞。当两个凸体碰撞时，算法可以快速地报告物体碰撞，并可以给出在给定方向上的穿透距离；当两个物体分离时，算法报告物体的分离，同时可以给出在给定方向上的移动距离。与已有的算法相比，这个算法可以更平衡地处理碰撞、分离的情况，该算法给出了稳定的碰撞检测条件。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.