Magnetic properties of Pr-Dy-Fe-Co-B sintered materials with a high cobalt content

Materials (Pr_1?x Dy _x )_12–17(Fe_1?y Co _y )_balB_5–15 (x = 0.44–0.51 at %, y = 0.15–0.87 at %) have been studied. It is shown that the abrupt decrease in the coercive force of the (Pr_1?x Dy _x )_12–17(Fe_1?y Co _y )_balB_5-15 sintered materials with x = 0.44–0.51 and y > 0.25 is determined by the amount of boron-containing phases. In this case, an increase in the boron content in the (Pr_0.72Dy_0.28)_14.5(Fe_0.50Co_0.50)_balB _z material with an unchanged dysprosium content leads to an increase in the coercive force by 4.5 times. It is assumed that the escape of boron from the near-surface areas of R ₂ F ₁₄B-phase grains leads to the formation of regions characterized by a low anisotropy constant, which serve as nuclei for the formation of reverse-magnetization domains.     

Effect of yttrium substitution on magnetic properties and service performances of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets

We successfully fabricated partial Y substituted NdY-Fe-B magnets with nominal compositions of(Nd_1-xY_x)_13.80Fe_ba1Al_0.24Cu_0.1B_6.04(at%,x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) by powder metallurgy process and the magnetic properties as well as service performances of the magnets were also systematically investigated.The phase constituents of the magnets have no obvious variation within the whole range of Y content,while the main phase grain...     

放电等离子体烧结NdFeB永磁材料力学性能的研究

采用传统烧结技术和放电等离子体烧绱技术（SPS）制备相同成分的烧结NdFeB水磁合金。研究了所制备合金的力学性能和断裂行为。利用扫描电子显微镜观察了合金的显微组织和断口形貌；测量了合金的抗弯强度并对磁体的力学性能进行评价。结果表明：SPS NdFeB磁体的抗弯渔度较传统烧结体有显著的提高，前者a bb=402．25MPa，后者abb=278．97Mpa；SPS NdFeB磁体显微绀织主相晶粒细小均匀、富稀土相细小弥散且彼此隔断，断口观察发现了较明显的撕裂棱及一些解理断裂；而传统烧结磁体主相晶粒粗大、富稀土相粗大且彼此连接。沿晶断裂特征明显。     

烧结Nd-Fe-B的力学性能研究进展

烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体属于脆性材料,力学性能是其综合性能的一个重要指标。磁体力学性能及加工性能的好坏,直接影响其服役可靠性和生产企业的制造成本。国防、航空等应用领域对磁体的抗冲击过载性能提出了很高的要求。分析了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的力学特性特征,重点介绍了改善力学性能研究所取得的成果,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

Effect of Terbium addition on the coercivity of the sintered NdFeB magnets

The effects of Tb addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the NdFeB magnets prepared by HD method were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BH magnetometers. The results of the microstructure showed that both the Tb-doped and undoped permanent magnets were composed mostly of Tetragonal phase Nd₂Fe₁₄B (space group P42/mnm) and a trace amount of Nd-rich phase. Accordingly, addition of Tb led to a decrease of the pole density factor of (004), (006) and (008) crystal plane of the Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase calculated by Horta formula, but the coercivity of the magnets increased from 2038 kA/m up to 2302 kA/m as a consequence of Tb addition. The study of the H_c(T)/M_s(T) versus H^min_N/(M_s(T) behavior showed that the nucleation was the dominating mechanism for the magnetization reversal in both sintered magnets, and the microstructural parameters of α_k and N_eff were obtained also. The Kronmüller-plot showed an increase of the α_k responsible for an increase of the coercivity.     

Effect of Terbium addition on the coercivity of the sintered NdFeB magnets

The effects of Tb addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the NdFeB magnets prepared by HD method were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and BH magnetometers.The results of the microstructure showed that both the Tb-doped and undoped permanent magnets were composed mostly of Tetragonal phase Nd2Fe14B(space group P42/mnm) and a trace amount of Nd-rich phase.Accordingly,addition of Tb led to a decrease of the pole density factor of(004),(006) and(008) crystal plane of the Nd2Fe14B phase calculated by Horta formula,but the coercivity of the magnets increased from 2038 kA/m up to 2302 kA/m as a consequence of Tb addition.The study of the Hc(T)/Ms(T) versus/Ms(T) behavior showed that the nucleation was the dominating mechanism for the magnetization reversal in both sintered magnets,and the microstructural parameters of αk and Neff were obtained also.The Kronmüller-plot showed an increase of the αk responsible for an increase of the coercivity.     

烧结NdFeB磁体表面化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金及防腐性能

在烧结NdFeB磁体表面化学镀Ni-Cu-P以提高其耐腐蚀性能.研究了络合剂的质量浓度、镀液的pH值、施镀温度及金属离子配比[Cu²⁺]/[Ni²⁺]对沉积速度和镀层成分的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDAX)观察镀层形貌并分析镀层成分.测定Ni-Cu-P合金镀层在质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线,并结合中性盐雾实验表征镀层的耐腐蚀性能.研究表明:烧结NdFeB永磁体经碱性超声波除油、酸洗活化后进行化学镀Ni-Cu-P,可得到结合力良好的合金镀层;随着镀液中金属离子配比[Cu²⁺]/[Ni²⁺]的增大,所得镀层从非晶向晶态转变,镀层中的磷含量先升高后降低,镀层表面变得平整、致密;化学镀Ni-Cu-P三元合金的耐腐蚀性能优于相同条件下所得到的Ni-P镀层,且从金属离子配比([Cu²⁺]/[Ni²⁺])为0.02的镀液中得到的镀层的耐腐蚀性能最强.     

晶间合金化Ga元素对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁性能与显微组织的影响

用晶间合金化方式直接在(NdPr)29.6(FeCuZr)69.2B1.0粉中加入0.3%Ga(质量分数,以下同),磁体的内禀矫顽力从943.5kA/m提高到1181.0kA/m。分别用晶间合金化方式和传统合金化方式在(Nd-PrDy)30.0(FeCuZr)69.0B1.0中加入0.2%Ga,前者的内禀矫顽力达到1224.0kA/m,远高于后者的971.5kA/m。显微组织结构分析表明:用晶间合金化方式加Ga后改善了边界结构,没加Ga时晶粒边界不平直,晶界处缺陷较多;加Ga后晶界平直光滑,Ga主要分布在晶界,而晶内Ga含量极低。     

Dependence of magnetic properties on microstructure and composition of Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets

In this paper,dependence of magnetic properties on microstructure and composition of Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets with Cu-doped Ce-rich alloy addition was investigated.It shows that the maximum energy product(BH)_(max) and coercivity H_(cj) of Ce-Fe-B sintered magnet are improved from 6.76 to 9.13 MGOe by 35.1%,and from 1.44 to 1.67 kOe by 16.0%,respectively,via adding 5 wt% liquid phase alloy of Ce_(35.58)Fe_(57.47)Cu_6 B_(0.95)(at%).Compared with the magnet without Cerich alloy addition,the volume fraction of the grain-boundary phase with low melting point increases in the magnet with Ce-rich alloy additio n,which is be ne ficial to imp roving the microstructure and promoting the coercivity enhancement of the magnet.In the Ce-Fe-B magnet with Ce-rich alloy addition,Cu and Ce enrich in the grain boundaries of the magnet after annealing,therefore the as-annealed magnet has a higher coercivity than the as-sintered magnet.A distinct Fe-rich layer with the average thickness of 60 nm is found in the grain boundaries in the magnet without Ce-rich alloy addition,but it seems that Fe-rich phase disappears in the magnet with Ce-rich alloy addition.The present work suggests that the further improvement of coercivity in the Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets is expectable by designing the composition and structure of added liquid phase alloys.     

Influence of gadolinium on microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered NdGdFeB magnets

The effect of Gd content on microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered Nd33.03-xGdxFe65.65B1.32 (x=0-2) was studied in this paper to improve the thermal stability of NdFeB and to reduce the raw material cost. The results showed that better magnet performance could be obtained by adding Gd (0-1.5 wt.%) with partial substitution of Nd in Nd33.03-xGdxFe65.65B1.32. It was also found that the Nd33.03-xGdxFe65.65B1.32 magnets showed the best performance when Gd addition increased to 1.0 wt.%. The temperature coefficient Br (α) could be improved from -0.15%/oC to -0.063%/oC (maximum work temperature 120 oC) and the Curie temperature could be improved from 315 oC to 323 oC because the Gd2Fe14B had positive temperature coefficient Br (α) and higher Curie temperature than that of Nd2Fe14B. The coercivity could be improved from 10.2 to 11.48 kOe and the microstructure was close to ideal microstructure. The magnetic performance decreased sharply by adding Gd (above 2 wt.%) with partial substitution of Nd in Nd33.03-xGdxFe65.65B1.32 because the Gd element concen-trated in the grain boundaries.     

铜含量对铝铜烧结材料性能影响

用粉末冶金法制备了Al-Cu合金块体烧结材料,研究了不同铜含量对烧结温度、微观形貌和抗压强度性能的影响。研究表明,对于不同铜含量的样品,存在不同的局部熔化区间。在局部熔化区间内对应一优化烧结温度。在此温度下烧结时样品仅发生局部熔化,烧结后制品外观和尺寸不会发生大的改变。烧结制品抗压强度随着铜含量的增加先上升后下降。温度为555℃时,7.5%铜含量的抗压强度达到最大值。铜元素的加入改变了烧结体内部组织和孔隙数量大小。     

Effect of heat treatment on the properties of nanostructured magnetically hard Pr-Dy-Fe-Co-B materials

Effect of heat treatment (HT) in the temperature range from 400 to 1000°C on the properties of sintered (Pr_{1 − x} Dy _x )_{12 − 17}(Fe_{1 − y} Co _y )_balB_{5 − 15} (x = 0−0.73 and y = 0.15−0.87) magnets is studied. It is shown that, depending on the cobalt and boron contents in the material, its composition and the dependence of H _cI on heat treatment conditions change. In the HT temperature range 700–900°C, an H _cI minimum is found: the “depth” of the minimum increases with increasing cobalt content. The minimum of H _cI is reversible; i.e., after HT at 1000°C, the coercive force increases to the value corresponding to the composition of the material whatever the temperature of preliminary HT. A model that explains the dependence of H _cI of the material on the HT conditions by a diffusion redistribution of boron between the basic R ₂F₁₄B (2-14-1 intermetallic) and RF ₂, RF ₄B, RF ₃B₂, and RF ₂B₂ phases (with R = Pr + Dy, F = Fe + Co) is suggested.     

Hydrogen absorption of NdDyFeCoNbCuB sintered magnets

Hydrogen absorption and desorption charactersfics for high coereivity NdDyFeCoNbCuB sintered bulk magnets were studied, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement and hydrogenation kinetics measurement. The DSC measurements showed that hy-drogenation of Nd-rich phase occurred in the temperature range of 40-185 ℃, hydrogenation of the tetragonal (φ) phase in the temperature range of 185-220 ℃, as well as the disproportionation of the φ phase that occurred in a broad temperature range from around 500 to 800℃. The hydrogenation kinetics measurements indicated that hydrogen absorption of the bulk magnets at 50 ℃ absorbed more hydrogen than at 150 ℃, although this procedure was slower at 50 ℃ than at 150 ℃. This phenomenon was discussed by means of pres-sure-concentration-temperature (p-c-T) diagrams.     

镝扩渗对烧结钕铁硼磁体组织结构与磁性能的影响

对比研究了38UH、42SH和N50薄片状钕铁硼磁体晶界镝扩渗前后的组织结构与磁性能,发现经过镝扩渗处理后磁体的矫顽力提高了400 kA·m^-1以上,而剩磁几乎不变,最大磁能积因为矫顽力和方形度的提高而提高。经组织结构分析认为,钕铁硼磁体晶界镝扩渗提高矫顽力主要是通过提高Nd₂Fe₁₄B晶粒外延层的各向异性和形核场实现的。根据Fick第一扩散定律,对磁体晶界镝扩渗进行了模拟计算,可近似得到定温热处理不同时间后渗镝深度及对应的镝的质量浓度及质量分数。     

Effect of quenching in a magnetic field on the structure and properties of sintered magnets from an SmCo5 alloy powder

Conclusions Quenching in a magnetic field has a beneficial effect: It increases the coercive force of a magnet from a SmCo₅ alloy powder. Thermomagnetic treatment results in freezing of magnetic and phase- and-structure changes in magnets.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 7 (259), pp. 37–42, July, 1984.     

Enhanced magnetic properties in chemically inhomogeneous Nd-Dy-Fe-B sintered magnets by multi-main-phase process

Homogeneous substitution of Dy for Nd in the hard magnetic 2:14:1 phase can effectively enhance coercivity to ensure the high temperature operation,however,inevitably deteriorate remanence at expense.In this work,we performed a comparative investigation of the two magnets prepared by multimain-phase(co-sintering Nd_2 Fe_(14)B and(Nd,Dy)_2 Fe_(14)B powders) and single-main-phase(sintering(Nd,Dy)_2 Fe_(14)B powders) approaches.The comparative investigation reveals that at the same Dy substitution level(2.16 wt%),such chemically inhomogeneous multi-main-phase magnet possesses better roomtemperature magnetic properties as well as thermal stability than those of the single-main-phase one with homogenous Dy distribution in the matrix grains.Room-temperature magnetic properties H_(Cj)=1664 kA/m,B_r=1.33 T and(BH)_(max)=350.4 kJ/m~3 for the multi-main-phase magnet are all better than those for the single-main-phase magnet with H_(Cj)=1536 kA/m,B_r=1.29 T and(BH)_(max)=318.4 kj/m3.In addition,over the temperature range from 295 to 423 K,both the temperature coefficients of coercivity and remanence for the multi-main-phase magnet are also lower than that for the single-main-phase magnet.Such superior magnetic performance is attributed to the short-range magnetic interactions inside individual 2:14:1 phase grains and the long-range magnetostatic interactions between adjacent grains with inhomogeneous Dy distribution.Our work provides a feasible approach of enhancing coercivity and retaining energy product simultaneously in the Nd-Dy-Fe-B permanent magnets.