钢包吹氩引起的钢水温降分析

通过现场实验测试，认为钢包炉吹氩搅拌过程中，氩气升温吸热对钢液温降的影响极少，分析认为钢液产生较大温降主要原因是包衬蓄热和吹氩过程中形成的钢液裸露面对外散热，同时指出钢包内钢液温度的分层可减少通过包衬散热所带来的热损。     

钢包钢水温降及其影响因素的模拟

通过有限元方法建立了120 t钢包的传热模型,计算分析了钢包在使用过程中的传热行为,研究了钢包内衬及厚度对钢水温降的影响.结果表明:使用导热系数较低的保温材料,在传统钢包内衬中添加绝热层能显著提高钢包的保温效果,减低钢水温降速率;改变工作衬厚度对钢水温降速率的影响较小.     

基于传热反问题的钢包热状态跟踪模拟

现代化高效连续炼钢的关键是钢水温度控制,钢包热状态是钢包周转过程中钢水温降的重要影响因素,因而烘烤结束时的钢包热状态至关重要.由于钢包内部温度较高,生产场地布局复杂,电子原件的使用寿命较短等原因,传统的实测法和数值模拟等方法都无法实现包衬内部实时接触式测温.针对上述情况,文章运用有限差分法正向求解包衬温度场,再建立非稳态的钢包传热一维数学模型,采用Fluent软件模拟火焰温度场,用传热反问题研究方法以钢包易测量的包壳温度为已知条件,对包衬温度分布进行数学反演,并通过计算机C#语言对210t钢包烘烤过程进行智能化模拟追踪,编写了烘烤过程的温度场实时监控软件,为钢包调度和编制合理的烘烤制度提供了一个切实可行的新方法.      

降低转炉出钢温度的实践

钢水过程热损失主要为钢水的辐射散热,对流传热和钢包、中间包耐火材料的吸热。为了减少钢水的过程温降,相应采取了一系列措施：优化钢包保温层,降低包衬的导热系数,减轻包衬的热损失;对脱氧合金化用合金进行烘烤,提高合金加入钢水前的温度;大包加保温盖,实施全程保护浇注等。改进后,平均出钢温度降低20℃以上。     

覆盖剂和保温层对钢包钢水温降影响的数值模拟

通过建立数学模拟研究了添加覆盖剂和保温层对钢包静置过程中钢水温降的影响。结果表明:钢包静置过程中,钢水通过其上表面及钢包的包衬向外界传递热量,钢水温度下降。添加保温覆盖剂可使钢水上表面热损失大幅度下降,从而有效减小钢水温降。添加保温层可有效减小钢水通过钢包包衬向外界环境散失的热量,从而有效减小钢水温降。     

新型纳米级微孔隔热材料在炼钢生产中的应用

唐山中厚板材有限公司针对炼钢生产中钢水热量损失过大问题,在转炉、钢包和中间包上,系统采用了新型WDS纳米级微孔隔热材料,提高了耐火衬的蓄热量,在不影响耐火材料使用寿命的情况下,转炉的终点温度提高了7℃,从转炉、钢包到LF炉过程温降速度减小了0.3℃/min,采取降低LF炉出站温度5℃的方式,中间包后期钢水温度仍然能够满足连铸工艺需要,达到了节能降耗的目的,可以产生综合经济效益1480万元/a。     

预热温度对钢包盛钢时的内衬温度及应力影响

为了确定合适的钢包烘烤预热温度,以某钢厂90t整体铝镁浇注料钢包为原型进行数值模拟,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,采用间接耦合法进行计算,得出了不同烘烤预热温度工况下,钢包盛钢时的内衬温度变化及应力分布。结果表明:提高钢包预热温度可以降低钢包内衬的温升及钢液温降幅度,减小钢包内衬的温度梯度,减少内衬材料受热应力所引起的热震破坏,从而延长钢包使用寿命。综合考虑钢包内衬水分排除、节能及热应力分布等因素,钢包预热温度取1 173~1 273K最佳;钢包底部的烘烤预热温度应提高到1 373K。     

钢水炉外电渣加热的实验研究

用连续测温技术测定了有底吹氩气搅拌的实验钢包电渣加热时不同加热功率条件下的钢水升温曲线。考察了加热前后钢水成分和炉衬侵蚀情况。与等离子电弧加热比较，电渣加热具有热效率高，成本低和操作简单等优点，适用于工业钢包和中间包的钢水加热。     

冶炼过程钢包温度场和钢水温降的研究

采用有限差分法,建立了钢包的传热物理模型和耐火材料层的温度分布模型,研究炼钢过程中钢包包衬温度场分布和钢水温降的影响.结果表明热态空包每多停留1 min,后续钢水温降增加约0.26℃;空包停留1 h后进行1 h的离线烘烤,后续出钢阶段钢水降温约12℃;永久层导热系数越小,永久层的温度梯度会越大,隔热效果会越好,工作层宜...     

钢包包衬侵蚀对内衬温度和钢水温降的影响

为了研究包衬侵蚀对钢水温降的影响规律,通过ANSYS有限元软件以及ParaMesh网格随移技术建立了考虑包衬侵蚀的钢包传热计算模型,研究并分析了包衬侵蚀对包衬及钢水温度的影响规律。结果表明,包衬侵蚀对包衬温度影响较大,在相邻两个修包周期内,包衬侵蚀造成渣线和包壁的包衬内部(工作层与永久层交界处)温差为14～114 K;包衬侵蚀导致包壳外表面温度升高,包壳向外散热增加,与此同时,包衬受侵蚀变薄,蓄热减少,两者同时作用导致包衬侵蚀对钢水温降影响不大,最高不超过1 K,在实际生产中可以适当地忽略钢包侵蚀对钢水温降的影响。     

Thermomechanical Modelling for Refractory Lining of a Steel Ladle Lifted by Crane

Numerical methods can be applied on metallurgical processes like engineering design of a steel ladle. In this study, the thermomechanical behaviour of refractory lining of a steel ladle which is lifted by a crane was investigated. To simulate this behaviour coupled heat transfer – structural analysis was made by using FEM (Finite‐Elements‐Method). For these calculations a two‐dimensional, an axially symmetrical geometric model and a FE‐model of a steel ladle with wear lining consisting of MgO‐C brick in the slag zone and castable MgO‐Al₂O₃–spinel in the working zone were created. Thermal stresses, hydrostatic pressure, gravity of molten steel and slag and refractory lining were used as boundary conditions. The results gained from the calculations showed that the maximum total displacements were observed at the bottom lining of the ladle.     

钢包保温层优化及应用

原复合反射绝热板热导率系数值较大,钢包包壳温度较高,在使用过程中钢水温度损失大;而新型气凝胶绝热板是以纳米材料为主,主要材质为SiO₂气凝胶,具有导热系数低、耐高温、密度小、抗压强度高等优越性能。某钢厂120 t钢包保温层用新型气凝胶绝热板替代原复合反射绝热板的效果表明,钢包包壳表面温度平均下降59～73 ℃;通过两种钢包包壳温度计算得出,在生产中,钢包每周转一次,可节省钢水温损9.88 ℃,钢水温降速率降低0.11 ℃/min;通过实测LF炉软吹结束钢水温度及铸机开浇时钢水温度,钢水温降速率降低0.12～0.13 ℃/min,实际钢水温降速率与钢包包壳节省温度计算的钢水温降速率基本吻合,成本下降2.7元/t(钢),取得了良好的试验效果,为新型气凝胶绝热板在钢厂其他保温设备上的应用提供了重要的参考价值。     

Heat Transfer in Steelmaking Ladle

The heat transfer in a steelmaking ladle was studied. The evaluation of heat transfer of the steel was performed by measuring steel temperature in points including all refining steel process. In the ladle, the temperatures in the refractories and the shell were also measured. To evaluate the thermal profile between the hot and cold faces of the ladle in the slag line position, an experiment which shows the importance of thermal contact resistance was carried out. Higher heat losses in the tapping and the vacuum were verified. The temperature measurements of the ladle indicate distinct thermal profiles in each stage of steel refining. Moreover, as each stage of the process depends on the previous one, the complexity of the ladle thermal control is incremental. So a complete model of heat losses in the ladle is complex.     

全氧燃烧在120 t钢包烘烤器上的应用

随着钢铁行业能源环保压力日益加重,节能减排是钢铁企业高质量发展的必然选择。主要阐述了全氧燃烧技术节能减排原理以及在某厂钢包烘烤上的应用实践。采用工业试验对比的方式,对全氧燃烧在该厂120 t钢包烘烤器上的应用效果进行分析,结果表明,全氧燃烧技术的应用可以有效提高钢包烘烤效果,减少烘烤过程中烟气和NO_x排放,降低煤气消耗约43.79%,提高钢包烘烤终点内衬温度约223 ℃,降低转炉出钢过程钢水温降约9.10 ℃,降低吨钢精炼成本约4.77元。     

Effect of slag cover on heat loss and liquid steel flow in ladles before and during teeming to a continuous casting tundish

Mathematical modeling of transient fluid flow and heat transfer of melt in the ladle has been carried out, both before and during teeming of the melt to a tundish. The model involves solution of the transient, two-dimensional form of the turbulent Navier-Stokes' equation along with the equations of turbulence energy, energy dissipation rate of turbulence energy, and thermal energy conservation in the cylindrical coordinate system. Two different heat loss conditions have been assumed to occur from the top free surface of the melt in the ladle. When the ladle has an insulating layer of slag, temperature stratification occurs within the melt with the coolest melt in contact with the ladle bottom. The degree of temperature stratification increases with the increase in holding time. Pouring of the melt from such a ladle to the tundish, however, results in near uniform ladle stream temperature during the 47 minutes of pouring period considered in the present study. This is especially true if the melt in the ladle is held for a period of 20 minutes prior to teeming. When the melt in the ladle loses an appreciable amount of heat from the top due to a thin layer of slag, the average temperature of the melt drops considerably during the holding period although there is no temperature stratification. Pouring from such a ladle results in a continuous decline of the ladle stream temperature, even though the pouring starts after a holding period of 5 minutes. Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University     

Mathematical Modeling on Erosion Characteristics of Refining Ladle Lining with Application of Purging Plug

According to parameters of the refining ladle with argon bottom blowing, the mathematical model describing the erosion behavior of ladle lining materials was established, the flow process of molten steel and thermal transmission of ladle lining were coupled, and the erosion of ladle lining in the condition of blowing argon at the bottom was researched. It has been found that either single or double blowing is applied, the larger erosion rates are mainly distributed in the slag line and the area of ladle lining near purging plugs, and the erosion is accelerated with the gas flow rate increasing, so the areas with higher erosion rates of the lining should be enhanced to avoid early partial damage. The erosion rate of ladle lining with double blowing is larger and the distribution of erosion is obviously different as the gas flow rate is increasing; serious erosion areas are in the slag line region and the higher erosion areas are concentrated on the slag lining and extended toroidally. And, as the distance between the purging plug and the lining of ladle is shortened, the partial erosion is easy to deteriorate and the refractories in the area with higher erosion rate need specialized selection and design. Meanwhile, the purging plug should be located away from the lining wall under the condition of good blowing effect in order to avoid increasing of the partial erosion and shortening of the lining service life.     

RH-MFB二次精炼过程钢水温度控制的模拟

RH-MFB二次精炼过程钢包钢水传热行为和钢水温度的变化规律,建立钢水温度预报模型,编制了计算机软件对实际过程进行模拟。通过对9炉300 t钢水RH-MFB精炼时钢水温度的预测结果表 明,钢水温度的计算值和实测值的误差小于±10℃。按目标温度要求,进行补偿措施,有效地控制钢水温度     

炼钢 精炼 连铸过程钢包热状态测试研究

测试了宝钢炼钢厂炼钢 精炼 连铸过程钢包的热状态;研究了钢包在各个周转阶段的包衬温度分布及其变化规律。测试结果表明,在钢包的第1和第2个周转过程包衬吸热和蓄热明显,该阶段应考虑钢水温降的热补偿。在钢包的第3和第4个周转过程中,包衬各点的温度变化较为平缓,表明从第4个周转开始,包衬温度变化处于一种动态平衡的循环过程。     

电炉出钢过程温降规律的研究

根据传热学方程,计算了电炉出钢过程钢包炉衬温度分布及钢水温度随时间变化的规律。给出计算方法及现场应用的可行性。