GIS在数字城市建设中的应用

数字城市建设的目的是实现城市各种信息的共享,地理空间信息是数字城市建设的基础信息。以GIS为基础构建各类城市信息系统的基础平台,建设既能服务于政府进行城市管理,又能服务于城市公民、服务于各行各业的多功能"数字化"信息系统十分必要。本文概述了GIS与构建数字城市之间的关系,并初步阐述了GIS技术在我国数字城市化建设中的应用。     

GIS在成矿预测中的应用及相关问题研究

GIS技术即地理信息系统,被广泛运用于工程施工以及成矿工程的地理信息预测中。将GIS技术在成矿预测中进行运用,不仅能够有效准确发现矿床的位置,同时也能够对矿床的规模等基础信息进行了解。主要针对GIS技术在成矿预测中的应用以及相关问题进行了分析,为我国采矿行业的发展提供了有效的价值支持。     

电子类基础课程教学内容适应人才培养需求研究

在信息化条件下,电子类基础课程承载着新型军事人才培养的重要技术基础储备任务。针对军校电子类基础课程教学内容军事装备指向性缺乏、现代化技术体现性不足、军校学员特色性欠缺等问题,围绕人才培养需求,进行电子类基础课程教学内容适应军校人才培养需求研究,建立了一套具有特色的适用于军校电子类课程教学内容体系。     

论GIS空间数据质量研究

在地理信息系统中,数据可以看做是GIS的血液而存在的,是空间信息研究的重要因素.数据的规范、完整和正确是地理信息系统能够可靠应用的前提,是实现GIS高级功能的基础.因此GIS数据质量的好坏直接影响到所要建立的地理空间数据库所带来的经济效益和社会效益,并影响到所有基于该空间数据库的应用、分析、决策的正确性和可靠性.     

利用ArcGIS进行大比例尺地形图入库技术与方法探究

现今"数字城市、智慧城市"已经成为掀开社会的热潮,国家基础地理信息数据库的建设也越加广泛应用。基础地理信息数据是地理空间框架的重要组成部分,随着"数字城市"的应用推广,基础测绘地形图已不能完全表达地物详细的属性信息,不同行业和部门对基础地理信息数据的要求也相应地提高了,而地理信息数据库(GIS数据库)包含着强大属性信息量以及属性间的关联,能更加全面地展示地形数据。文章就常见的大比例尺基础地形图数据的转换以及入库的技术方法作一些探讨和研究。     

浅谈中学地理教学中的以情优教

在基础地理教学中,"课堂"就是"以情优教"最重要的阵地,寓情于教学,教师如何发掘和利用教学内容中的积极健康地思想感情因素,有目的、有意识地从情感高度对教学内容进行加工,无疑是地理老师"以情优教"的第一步.寓情于教学组织.课堂是中学生完成学习过程中的基本空间和核心时间,单从课时上说,基础地理课在整个中学课程设置中体现不出学科的重要性,周课时数一般只有两节.如何充分地利用这短短的两节课,实现地理课程在知识与技能,过程与方法,情感、态度与价值观三方面的目标,课堂教学组织是关键.寓情于教学评价.教学评价是衡量教育活动是否达到教育目标的一种活动.     

高职《公差配合与技术测量》课程改革初探

阐述了公差与技术测量课程教学存在的问题及课程改革的基本思路,提出了将基础公差融入<机械设计基础>课程,独立开设实验课程<专门化公差与技术测量>等举措.     

安徽茶类地理标志与非物质文化遗产保护

分析了安徽茶类的地理标志知识产权与非物质文化遗产保护现状,并建议:①深入研究名茶的地理标志特征;②挖掘与整理与茶类有关的非物质文化遗产(传统技艺类、传统音乐类、传统戏剧类、传统医药类、民俗类等);③以国家质捡总局的地理标志产品保护模式为主,同时注册国家地理标志商标、登记国家农产品地理标志;④充分利用地理标志专用标志,整合地理标志保护范围的茶类品牌.     

初中生对地理课学习情况的调查和研究

本文采用问卷调查与学生访谈的调查方式,调查了初中学生对地理课程的学习状况.调查结果显示,学生的学习目的是比较明确的,学生对地理课程也比较感兴趣,但兴趣度不高、仍不稳定,这主要是学校和家长不重视地理课程的重要作用,以及学生受地理是副科、中考不考等观念的影响,同时,也与学校和教师在地理教育方面缺乏主动探索和改进措施有关.     

基于GIS技术的数字化矿山测量数据可视化探究

矿山测量是针对矿山建设与采矿期间的规划设计、勘探建设、生产与运营管理、矿山报废等一系列活动的测绘工作。它对于矿区地面控制网的构建至关重要。数字化矿山测量则需要联合数据中心,并完善地理信息系统(GIS系统)。GIS技术的支持有助于地理信息的高效监测,并提高测量结果的精准度,使矿山测量数据实现可视化目标。因此,本文以GIS技术在数字化矿山测量工作中的优势作用为切入点。通过分析基于GIS技术的数字化矿山测量数据可视化方法,进一步分析实际应用成果,以提供有效价值建议,从而提升数字化矿山测量工作效率及质量。     

Geographic patterns of low birth weight in Hawaii

This study examines areal variations in low birth weight, using the census tract as the unit of analysis. Reports from the 1980 U.S. census were used to develop summary indicators of environmental and socio-economic conditions, including poverty, employment, education and crowding, for 155 census tracts in the state of Hawaii. Maternal socio-demographic, prenatal care utilization, and medical risk indicators and low birth weight percentages for resident, single live births were extracted from the Hawaii 1979-1987 vital record live birth files and aggregated by census tract. Multiple regression analysis was used to develop a model that predicted 61% of the variation among census tracts in the percentage of low birth weight. Patterns of low birth weight were primarily associated with ethnic patterns of maternal residence and single marital status. There was no association between inadequate prenatal care and low birth weight at the census tract level.     

Geographic variation of six dermatoglyphic traits in Eurasia

We describe the geographic variation patterns of six dermatoglyphic traits from 144 samples in Eurasia. The methods of analysis include computation of interpolated surfaces, one-dimensional and directional correlograms, correlations between all pairs of surfaces, and distances between correlograms. There are at least two, probably three, distinct and significant patterns of variation. 1) A general NW-SE trend for pattern intensity, the main line index, and frequency of hypothenar patterns. 2) A trend from the Middle East to the north and east for frequency of axial triradius and of accessory interdigital triradii. 3) A patchy pattern for frequency of the thenar-interdigital 1. The results are compatible with a diffusion process between Europe and the peoples of Northern Asia, and possibly with a radiation of populations from the Middle East. The hypothesis of diffusion processes is supported by substantial interpopulation correlations between dermatoglyphic traits that contrast sharply with largely negligible intralocality correlations.     

浅谈GIS在环境保护中的应用

介绍了GIS基本情况,讨论其在环境保护中的几个主要应用,并指出GIS作为一门近年来发展起来的新技术在环境评价、环境监测、自然生态现状分析、水环境管理、环境应急预警预报等领域里的应用将进一步完善和发展。     

组件式GIS(地理信息系统)的研究

随着软件开发技术的发展,软件开发已经进入到了组件式开发阶段,顺应这一潮流,GIS开发也进入了组件式开发的时代.在当前的GIS应用开发中,组件式GIS已经成为主要的开发模式.文章在简要介绍GIS开发方式的基础上,详细地介绍了组件式GIS的概念、基本思想、特点、现状以及面临的问题.     

地理信息系统与环境评价

对地理信息系统 (GIS)进行了简要介绍 ,论述了GIS在环境评价领域中的应用方向 ,对未来发展趋势进行了探讨 ,并就如何在环境评价中利用或建立环境评价GIS提出了建议     

Geographic differences in seasonality of preterm births in Japan

Based on vital statistics from 1979 to 1983, we used a time-series analysis using the Box-Jenkins model (ARIMA model) to compare the seasonality of preterm births among 47 prefectures in Japan. We also evaluated the relation between seasonality of preterm births and temperature. According to the Box-Jenkins analysis, a seasonal moving average was detected for 44 prefectures. The seasonality of preterm births in general shows a bimodal pattern with two peaks, one in summer and one in winter. The most interesting result is that the peaks show a trend with geographic location; one peak is dominant in winter among the northern prefectures and the other peak is dominant in summer among the southern prefectures. Another important result is that the winter increase in preterm births is negatively correlated with mean winter temperature (R = -0.424, p = 0.003); on the contrary, the summer increase in preterm births is positively correlated with the average summer temperature (R = 0.549, p < 0.001). These results suggest that climate-associated factors should be associated with the occurrence of preterm births in Japan.     

Geographic variation of the chromosomal polymorphism in Drosophila flavopilosa

Natural populations of the Chilean species Drosophila flavopilosa Frey are polymorphic for the banding sequences in the fifth chromosome due to the existence of four paracentric inversions. Qualitative analysis of the polymorphism demonstrated that there are seasonal fluctuation and geographic variations of two kinds: altitudinal gradients and a north-south gradient. In addition, the northernmost and southernmost samples examined are polymorphic only for one inversion (inversion "B"). In the light of previous experimental evidence, it was concluded that the seasonal fluctuations and elevational differences are probably controlled by weather conditions, especially temperature. However, the observed differences between the central and marginal populations require another type of interpretation, similar to that postulated for other species that exhibit the same pattern of chromosomal variation. A photomicrographic map of the Standard banding pattern of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of D. flavopilosa is presented.