全球首套热溶法钾肥装置投运

2012年7月19日,青海盐湖工业股份有限公司宣布,全球首套10万t／a热溶工艺钾肥生产装置6月底投运,试生产的首批约3万t氯化钾产品已投入市场。这表明低品位原矿生产高品质氯化钾的热熔工艺已经成熟,盐湖钾资源利用率大大提高。据热溶工艺负责人朱金义介绍,该工艺可通过溶解等手段将低品位原矿转化为钾石盐作为热溶法生产氯化钾的原料,     

硫酸镁亚型卤水制取硫酸钾完成中间试验

新疆罗布泊钾盐科技开发有限责任公司近日完成了现场变温条件下兑卤蒸发路线试验 ,进行制取高质量钾盐镁矾型钾混盐和光卤石型钾混盐的研究 ;钾盐镁矾型钾混盐转化、富集制取优质软钾镁矾中间试验 ;光卤石型钾混盐分解浮选生产氯化钾中间试验 ;由软钾镁矾、氯化钾经盐田法制取硫酸钾 (ＬＢＰ - 0 1工艺 )和装置法生产硫酸钾 (ＬＢＰ - 0 2工艺 )的产品化研究。通过中间试验 ,搞清了罗布泊卤水在自然条件下的蒸发路线 ,确定了制取高质量钾混盐较佳的工艺方法 ;解决了罗布泊卤水生产氯化钾的难题 ,从而解决了其氯化钾原料供应的难题 ;以罗布泊…     

浮选与兑卤-冷结晶联合工艺提高KCl回收率

青海察尔汗盐湖是我国最大的钾盐生产基地，该地区几十家小型氯化钾企业一般采用浮选工艺生产氯化钾，尾盐尾水就地排放，既浪费资源又污染环境。建议采用浮选与兑卤—冷结晶联合工艺，介绍了其工艺流程、设备选型及生产技术要点，指出采用该工艺生产氯化钾，能提高KCl回收率，避免资源浪费和环境污染。     

简讯

青海盐湖元通公司建设200kt/a氯化钾项目由青海盐湖三元钾肥股份有限公司与山西文通盐桥复合肥有限公司共同出资1·97亿元建设的青海盐湖元通有限公司200kt/a氯化钾项目于2006年年底开工建设,目前已累计完成投资1·1876亿元,建成了200kt/a氯化钾的正浮选生产装置,并已进入试生产阶段,氯化钾产品品位达到91～93%。该项目位于青海省格尔木市察尔汗盐湖,全部建成投产后,将成为目前亚洲最大的传统法工艺氯化钾生产基地。据悉,该生产装置的工程设计和工艺布局与传统浮选法工艺相比更加科学合理,整个装置采用工艺流程立体化布置,最大限度地实现了…     

从海水中提取氯化钾进展动态

青岛磷肥厂从海水中提取氯化钾的扩大试验,取得了较好的结果.此试验是该厂与青岛市化工研究所进行的.试验采用的工艺路线为:用沸石吸附法,二柱串联吸附海水、串联选加、串联逆向洗脱.吸附柱采用六个,分为三组,形成年产60吨氯化钾的规模,获得了1500个技术数据.并采取了有效工艺措施,降低了盐煤耗量,为小土群生     

青海盐湖元通公司建设年产200kt氯化钾项目

由青海盐湖三元钾肥股份有限公司与山西文通盐桥复合肥有限公司共同出资1.97亿元建设的青海盐湖元通有限公司年产200kt氯化钾项目,于2006年年底开工建设,目前已累计完成投资1.1876亿元,建成了200kt/a氯化钾的正浮选生产装置,并已进入试生产阶段,氯化钾产品品位达到91%～93%(质量分数)。该项目位于青海省格尔木市察尔汗盐湖,全部建成投产后,将成为目前亚洲最大的传统法工艺氯化钾生产基地。装置采用工艺流程立体化布置,最大限度地实现了物料按流程由上至下靠重力自流传输,减少了中间环节的大量输送泵,降低了动力消耗。其工艺操作控制系统采用…     

用离子交换法以硫酸钾制取碳酸钾试验小结

我厂以硫酸钾为原料生产碳酸钾,十多年来一直采用路布兰法工艺,该工艺主要缺点是劳动强度大,燃料消耗高,质量品位低。为了改革这个老工艺,我们通过试验,采用离子交换法工艺,以氯化钾为原料制取高纯度的碳酸钾,进而又试验以硫酸钾为原料代替氯化钾,经过一个阶段的连续试验,结果表明,用离子交换法以硫酸钾制取碳酸钾在工艺上是完全可行的;与老工艺相比,具有劳动强度小、燃料省、收率高、质量品位提高、成本有所下降,且没有三废等优点。     

利用硫酸盐型卤水生产的钾混盐和老卤生产氯化钾的工艺

本发明公开了一种利用硫酸盐型卤水生产的钾混盐和老卤生产氯化钾的工艺。将钾混盐和老卤进行高温转化;将高温转化完成的料浆进行固液分离,得清液;将清液冷却,结晶出光卤石;将光卤石分解洗涤,得产品氯化钾。本发明对硫酸盐型卤水所生产的不同质量的钾混盐都能适应,从而解决了目前国内外钾混盐不能生产氯化钾的难题。     

硝酸钾生产工艺概述及复分解法 存在的问题与对策

概述了国内外生产硝酸钾的4种主要工艺方法：硝酸钠与氯化钾转化法、硝酸铵与氯化钾离子交换法、硝酸与氯化钾溶剂萃取法和硝酸铵与氯化钾复分解循环法,并比较了这4种不同生产工艺方法的特点。其中硝酸铵与氯化钾复分解循环法是中国生产硝酸钾主要采用的工艺方法,重点介绍了该工艺存在的一些主要问题,如硝酸钾分离效果差,硝酸钾冷却结晶率低,结晶器换热面结垢严重,除杂效果不理想等,并提出了相应的建议与改进措施。     

围绕PVC生产的循环经济产业链的建立

介绍了一种以水氯镁石、氯化钾、煤炭、废盐、石灰石为主要原料,通过煤制烯烃制取乙烯,原煤炼焦后结合石灰石生产电石,采用乙炔法和乙烯法联合生产PVC树脂,同时联产镁锭、片状氢氧化钾、聚丙烯及纯碱等产品的新工艺。该工艺将传统的炼焦、电石生产技术和先进的煤制烯烃技术进行了有机结合,将传统的乙炔法和乙烯法PVC生产工艺路线进行了重组和优化,建立了煤化工、氯碱化工以及盐化工为一体的循环经济产业链。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。