CFCs乙烷系替代工质饱和蒸气压的推算

根据Перепъщтейн蒸气压关系式，提出了一种适用于推算ＣＦＣｓ乙烷系替代物及其它乙烷系氟里昂饱和蒸气压的基团贡献法。利用该方法在已知临界温度和临界压力的情况下可以对所有乙烷系氟里昂的饱和蒸气压进行推算，推算的平均偏差在０．５％左右，最大偏差不超过１％，可满足ＣＦＣｓ替代物研究和冰箱及空调或压缩机设计应用的需要。     

ZF无级变速器(CVT)ECOTRONIC的开发与装置的优越性

现在对于汽车一个非常重要的课题是要改善燃油消耗、安全性和舒适性。ＣＶＴ技术可起到十分重要的作用。本文介绍新开发的ＺＦＥＣＯＴＲＯＮＩＣＣＶＴ予示在中等轿车中安装自动变速器的时代将发生变化。采用无级变速ＺＦＥＣＯＴＲＯＮＩＣ变速器，你的行车将会更舒适、安全和更经济。ＺＦＥＣＯＴＲＯＮＩＣ是ＺＦ对现代金融和生态的回报。［Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ］Ｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｆｕｅｌｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ，ＳａｆｅｔｙａｎｄＣｏｍｆｏｒｔｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｈｅｍｅｓｆｏｒａｕｔｏｍｏ－ｂｉｌｅｓ．ＣＶＴｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｃａｎｐｌａｙａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅ．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓｔｈｅｎｅｗｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄＺＦＥＣＯＴＲＯＮＩＣＣｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｌｙｖａｒｉａｂｌｅｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｉｏｎ（ＣＶＴ）ｈｅｒａｌｄｓａｎａｇｅｏｆｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒａｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｆｉｔｅｄｉｎｍｉｄ－ｒａｎｇｅｃａｒｓ．ＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｌｙｖａｒｉａｂｌｅＺＦＥＣＯＴＲＯＮＩＣｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｙｏｕｒｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｗｉｌｂｅｍｏｒ     

OPTIMAL CONTROL PRINCIPLE OF PROFILE ERRORS FOR MACHINING OF CYLINDER CAM

ＯＰＴＩＭＡＬＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＬＥＯＦＰＲＯＦＩＬＥＥＲＲＯＲＳＦＯＲＭＡＣＨＩＮＩＮＧＯＦＣＹＬＩＮＤＥＲＣＡＭＺｈａｎｇＹｉｔｏｎｇ，Ｌｕｌｉｎｇ，ＹｉｎＭｉｎｇｆｕ，ＹａｎｓｈａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ...     

用Visual Basic实现的FMC/DNC系统

Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下，介绍利用ＶｉｓｕａｌＢａｓｉｃｆｏｒＷｉｎｄｏｗｓ作为开发工具开发具有Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ风格操作界面的ＦＭＣ／ＤＮＣ系统的方法和实例。利用ＶｉｓｕａｌＢａｓｉｃ的“控件”功能可以非常方便地生成ＦＭＣ／ＤＮＣ系统要求的操作、监控和文件管理界面，并完成Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下的多任务实时操作和网络通讯功能。     

ON CONSUMPTION OF CUTTING POWER INFLUENCED BY CHIP FLOW UNDER NON-FREE CUTTING CONDITIONS

ＯＮＣＯＮＳＵＭＰＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＵＴＴＩＮＧＰＯＷＥＲＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＤＢＹＣＨＩＰＦＬＯＷＵＮＤＥＲＮＯＮ－ＦＲＥＥＣＵＴＴＩＮＧＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＦａｎｇＮｉｎｇ，ＷａｎｇＭｉｎＮａｎｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓａｎ...     

G＆L公司买下Fadal公司

Ｇ＆Ｌ公司买下Ｆａｄａｌ公司美国Ｇｉｄｄｉｎｇｓ＆ＬｅｗｉｓＩｎｃ．公司近日以１．８亿美元巨资买下了Ｆａｄａｌ巨ｈｇｕ比ｅｄｎ召Ｃｏ．公司。Ｆａｄａｌ工程公司是美国以生产小型立式加工中心（ＶＭＣｓ）著称的公司，１９９４年，该公司的产品销售总额为１．３...     

用Visual Bsic实现的FMC／DNC系统

Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下，介绍利用Ｖｉａｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ ｆｏｒ Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ作为开发工具开发具有Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ风格操作界面的ＦＭＣ／ＤＮＣ系统的方法和实例。利用Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ的“控件”功能可以非常方便地生成ＦＭＣ／ＤＮＣ系统要求的操作空和文件管理界面，并完成Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ一半上的多任务实时操作和网络通讯功能。     

常用航空材料ε─N曲线研究

分别用Ｍａｎｓｏｎ－Ｃｏｆｆｉｎ和Ｆｕ＇ｓ公式对合金钢、铝合金、钛合金等航空常用材料不同状态的４０多条ε—Ｎ曲线试验数据进行了分析、处理，结果表明，Ｆｅ＇ｓ公式不但可以简化试验，而且能更好地拟合ε—Ｎ曲线试验数据。     

现场总线组织信息报道

根据ＣｏｎｔｒｏｌＮｅｔ国际组织Ｊ．Ｒ．Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ于１９９９年６月提交的状况报告,Ｃｏｎｔｒｏ１Ｎｅｔ国际组织与ＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎＦｉｅｌｄｂｕｓ组织的特殊兴趣小组合作开发出一种连接ＣｏｎｔｒｏｌＮｅｔ设备和ＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎＦｉｅｌｄｂｕｓ设备的接口。该项目的目的是使控制设备能够访问ＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎＦｉｅｌｄｂｕｓ设备提供的数据,并向现场设备发送控制数据;以及使ＣｏｎｔｒｏｌＮｅｔ上的ＰＣ可对现场设备进行设置。去年,这种连接ＣｏｎｔｒｏｌＮｅｔ和Ｆｏｕｎｄａ－ｔｉｏｎＦｉｅｌｄｂｕｓ…     

基于知识的集成制造柔性仿真系统

利用ＣＩＭＯＳＡ体系结构中ＦＢＳ模型、实体类库、过程知识库和数据库建立了ＣＩＭ系统的访真模型知识库，并通过面向对象框架语言对其进行表达，由推理机从过程规则集中推理产生仿真模型的行为。由于各种类库的使用，使得该系统具有柔性，故称为基于知识的集成制造柔性仿真系统。功能部分／ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｌｏｔ：１０ｆｒｏｍＥＦ；／＊输入输出槽＊／ｉｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｏｅ：ｏｖｅｒｒｉｄｅ；／＊继承属性＊／ｖａｌｕｅｃａＩｓｓ：ｓｔｒｉｎｇ；／＊值类型＊／ｖａｌｕｅｓ：ＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｐｕｔ；／＊值为功能输入＊／ｅｎｄｓｌｏｔ；／行为部分／ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｌｏｔ：ＥＶｔｙｐｅｆｒｏｍＥＦ；ｖａｌｕｅｃｌａｓＳ：Ｓｔｒｉｎｇ；ｖａｌｕｅｓ：ＥｘｔｅｒｎａＩＥＶ；／＊外部事件＊／／结构部分／ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｌｏｔ：ＣｏｍＰｒｉｓｅｓｆｒｏｍＥＦ；ｖａｌｕｅｃｌａｓｓ：ＥＡ；ｖａｌｕｅｓ：ＥＡ２１１，ＥＡ２１２，…，ＥＡ２１９；ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｌｏｔ：Ｗｈｅｒｅ．ｕｓｅｄｆｒｃｏＥＦ；ｖａｌｕｅｃｌａｓｓ：ＤＰ；ｖａｌｕｅＳ：ＤＰ２；／过程知识／ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｌｏｔ：ＡｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｆｒｏｍＥＦ；ｉｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅ：ｍｅｔｈｏｄ；ｖ     

用色谱/质谱联用法分析研究CFCs及其替代物

本文介绍了利用色谱/质谱联用法研究电冰箱中制冷剂和发泡剂的CFCs及其替代物,建立了分析方法、并对十几种CFCs及其替代物的成分进行了分析。     

FICs — Nonflammable,Non-Ozone-Depleting Solvents for Cleaning Aerospace Components

A new class of fluoroiodocarbons (FIC) based solvents has been developed and demonstrated as effective replacements for the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for cleaning aerospace components of commonly encountered soils. The soils included aircraft hydraulic fluids, engine oils, fuels, greases and other soils. The cleaning effectiveness of these solvents was compared to the CFC solvent, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, the most widely used solvent in the aerospace industry prior to its being banned because of its ozone depletion characteristics. While a number of other solvents have been investigated and are being used in the industry today, none of the replacements being used has the same effectiveness and useful properties as the CFCs. FICs demonstrate the desirable properties of the CFCs but have zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP).     

Miscibility and stability of synthetic lubricants with HFC refrigerants

The phase-out of CFC production and further regulations on HCFC are required because of their association with the depletion of stratospheric ozone. HFCs and their mixtures have evolved as long-term replacements for CFCs and HCFCs. For air conditioning and refrigeration systems, new synthetic lubricants having miscibility with HFC refrigerants, similar to that of mineral oils with CFCs, have been developed. Data on the miscibility ofR-32/125 and R-125/143a with polyol ester lubricants are presented in this paper. In the temperature range of interest (−40°C to 60°C), we observed the upper immiscible region, lower immiscible region, as well as the coalescence of the two regions, for polyol ester lubricants with these HFC refrigerant mixtures. HFC-143a is least miscible among the three pure HFC refrigerants. The stability of R-32/125 and R-125/143a with dry polyol ester lubricants is very good at 204° C. With high moisture content, hydrolysis of the lubricant occurs at high temperatures. The onset of significant hydrolysis of lubricant (B) takes place between 175°C and 200°C. Care must be exercised to maintain the dryness of polyol ester lubricants and refrigeration systems to prevent this occurring.     

培尔顿式膨胀-辅助压缩机在制冷系统中的研究

研究了一种具有简单结构的培尔顿式膨胀-辅压一体的能量回收装置,可用于小型制冷系统中取代节流阀,回收膨胀过程的压力损失,并将其直接转化为机械功作用于系统中,达到能量回收利用的目的.通过理论分析和模拟计算,比较了辅助压缩机在系统中的布置方式对回收功、制热量、COP等参数的影响,并对常用氟利昂工质R410A、R134a、R22的运行参数进行了比较.设计并制作了能量回收装置的样机,搭建了可供系统试验比较的测试台,讨论了部分试验结果及改进方向.     

基于运动行为贴近度和属性传播的机构串联方法的研究

在机构运动行为的表示法基础上，定义了基于运动行为“贴近 度”的概念。根据“贴近度”得到与设计要求接近的设计方案，然后通过运动行为属性传播方案，将设计要求的行为知识分解，得到基于串联式组合的多个运动行为表示，再分别匹配机构。通过该方法，当本体行为知识不被完全满足时，可以利用计算机自动推出串了关式机构组合的方案，使该方案完全满足本体行为要求。     

Application of a modified VIKOR method for decision-making problems in lean tool selection

Group decision making with multiple criteria is the most popular method for ranking a set of alternatives. In this regard, all alternatives are compared based on a common criteria set. Meanwhile, decision makers sometimes encounter special situations, for example, having to select from among a set of alternatives without a set of criteria or with a set of criteria that are grouped/related to various alternatives. Thus, it may be impossible to select from among a set of alternatives using typical methods. Hence, in this study, a new, modified VIKOR method is proposed to address the lean tool selection problems in manufacturing systems. In this study, a model was developed to help practitioners improve their ability to solve problems when the possible solutions have their own individual criteria. In fact the modified VIKOR method can be applied to rank alternatives in threefold: alternatives with common criteria, without common criteria, with integrated common, and uncommon criteria. This paper offers numerical examples of the model, using a case study to illustrate an application of the proposed model and properly assess the validity of this new method. The results demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the modified new method. The model covers the lack existing in the current literature to assess effectiveness of applying lean tools.     

Synthetics versus vegetable oils: Applications,options, and performance

Environmental concerns have brought forward vegetable oils as alternatives to more expensive synthetic lubricant base stocks, in moderate operating conditions. The contents of various acids, such as oleic and linoleum, can be changed by selective breeding to produce more desirable lubricating properties and less oxidation vulnerability. Different tests are needed for such lubricants, and the Baader test has been modified to show the ageing stability of rapeseed oil raffinate, TMP trioleate, dioctyl adipate, and HOSO. Such oils can also be modified with additive packages.     

Artificial neural network approach to predict the lubricated friction coefficient

This paper analyses the applicability of artificial neural networks for predicting the lubricated friction coefficient. We will consider their use as faster and simpler alternatives to simulations based on theoretical behaviour equations. The development of several different artificial neural networks is presented. They have been trained through tribological tests on a mini‐traction‐machine, which furnishes the friction coefficient in point contacts. Once the training has been completed the networks are applied as tools for predicting the results in different operating conditions. Their advantages and disadvantages are analysed compared with conventional simulation tools. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加工中心概念设计方案的综合评判法

产品概念设计是一种“设计-评价-再设计”的过程,该过程中评价对于概念设计最终得出最优方案至关重要。采用综合应用层次分析法和模糊决策的方案综合评估模型,在决策过程中将定性分析与定量分析有机地结合起来,统一进行优化、分析而得到最优结果。基于该模型,应用Criterium^⑧Decision Plus系统对加工中心7个方案进行评估分析。     

Application of TOC embedded ILP for increasing throughput of production lines

Under fairly special circumstances, there are some special methods that can be used to attempt to increase the production rate of some production line systems. In this paper an attempt has been made to use the theory of constraint (TOC) approach to identify the critical machines. Various design alternatives are considered to increase throughput of the critical machine. This process is continued till the required throughput is achieved for the entire system. For large production line systems this approach will be tedious and time consuming. Hence we have attempted to generalize the TOC approach by integer linear programming (ILP) to increase the throughput. Data has been collected from an automobile ancillary manufacturing industry to validate the model. The TOC embedded ILP has been used to increase the throughput with minimum investment.