一类带有deadline约束的作业车间提前/拖期调度问题研究

针对带有零件deadline时间约束的一类作业车间提前/拖期调度问题,设计了一种改进型遗传算法(EGA)。EGA算法采用拖期优先的调度策略,将原有的非正规性能指标的E/T调度问题转化为拖期子问题、修复子问题和提前子问题,以此来降低E/T调度问题的求解复杂度。采用基于工序的编码方法,在染色体解码过程中,分别采用了主动解码、染色体修复和逆向重调度三阶段的解码操作,以期实现在满足零件deadline约束的前提下尽可能降低提前/拖期惩罚总成本。180个调度测试用例仿真结果表明,EGA算法在解决问题数、寻优能力、调度结果的均衡性等方面具有一定的优势。     

考虑准时化调度的IPPS问题研究

为了获得尽量满足交货期的调度方案,针对工艺规划与调度集成问题在交货期方面考虑的不足,将准时化调度集成到工艺规划与调度集成问题中。以总成本为优化目标,将总成本划分为加工成本、提前/拖期成本及机器闲置成本,对该问题进行建模。针对这种带有非正规性能指标的集成问题,提出一种三阶段式解码的遗传算法对该问题进行求解。通过一个实例验证了所建模型的正确性和算法的有效性。     

基于前序基因表达式编程的单机成组调度算法

建立了满足成组技术要求的带有提前/拖期惩罚的单机调度模型,考虑了订单达到时间不同、交货期窗口不同、机器调整时间与工件组加工顺序相关等多种情形;设计了基于基因表达式编程的多层染色体编码方案,将染色体对应于工件的优先规则公式;最后,实现了利用先进的前序基因表达式编程搜索技术求解该问题的算法,并通过实验验证了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

约束优化求解作业车间调度问题研究

将作业车间调度问题转化为约束优化问题,直接以工序开工时间作为决策节点,构建了包含工艺路线、机床能力、交货期三类约束和提前/拖期成本指标的约束优化调度模型。采用瓶颈机床优先识别和单机排序优化的两阶段调度策略以降低调度问题的复杂性。为了降低回溯搜索中的"Thrashing"现象发生的概率,引入一致性预处理机制对剩余搜索空间实施预修剪,以剔除相关工序变量值域内的潜在冲突值;采用回溯前移机制优先识别瓶颈机床和满足关键工序赋值,以减轻后续搜索进程发生大面积回溯的压力。最后以深度优先搜索为基础,搭建完成约束优化调度算法框架。80组调度测试用例仿真结果表明,约束优化调度方法在降低在制品库存成本、成品库存成本和调度总成本三方面均优于线性E/T排序和指数E/T排序规则。     

基于混合粒子群算法具有交货期瓶颈的作业车间调度问题

为了解决一类具有交货期瓶颈的作业车间调度问题,给出了基于订单优势的交货期满意度和交货期瓶颈资源确定方法,以工件拖期加权和最小为优化目标,建立了基于交货期满意度和瓶颈资源约束的作业车间调度模型;为了求解该调度模型,设计了一种基于模拟退火的混合粒子群算法,该算法采用随机工序表达方式进行编码,并在模拟退火算法中引入变温度参数来提高算法效率。通过随机仿真,分别采用PSO-SA、SA和PSO对所建立的调度模型进行求解,结果显示PSO-SA算法的广泛性好、求解效率高且算法的稳定性好,验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

并行多机提前/拖期调度的启发式算法

准时制生产模式要求生产任务必须在交货期内完成.实际生产中这一问题受很多约束的影响变得非常复杂.文章针对任务动态到达、任务转换存在的调整时间和交货期、提前/拖期单位成本各不相同的并行多机上任务排序问题进行了分析,设计了一种解决并行多机提前/拖期调度的启发式近似求解算法.大量实验数据和应用实例充分表明文章所提的启发式算法是有效的.     

一种求解作业车间JIT调度问题的混合TS/MP算法

作业车间JIT调度属于一类典型的非正规性能指标调度问题,该类问题为每道工序设置了交货期约束,工序的提前或拖期完工均会产生相应的惩罚成本。采用禁忌搜索和数学规划相结合的混合调度方法进行求解。在算法的迭代搜索过程中,首先,由每个个体产生各机器上的工件加工序列,由此松弛了调度模型中的机器能力析取约束,然后,调用数学规划方法来优化各机器的空闲时间和各工序的开工时间。为提高禁忌搜索算法的计算效率,设计了一种包含交换和插入操作的邻域结构产生方案。最后,用JIT调度领域的32个标准测试算例验证了该调度算法的有效性。     

工序加工时间不确定条件下作业车间调度问题的区间数求解方法

针对一类难以获取工序加工时间变量的准确分布规律或隶属度函数的作业车间调度问题,采用区间数方法描述工序加工时间不确定变量,在分析工件完工时间区间与交货期时间窗的6种关系的基础上,分析归纳出提前/拖期惩罚取值区间的求解方法;论证了提前/拖期惩罚区间可以预估提前/拖期惩罚值的波动范围,为不确定调度问题转化为区间调度问题求解提供了理论支撑。以提前/拖期惩罚的取值区间为优化目标构建了区间调度模型。通过区间可能度方法对不同的提前/拖期指标区间值进行定量比较,解决了遗传算法求解区间调度模型时适应度值的比较问题。通过算例仿真验证了区间数定理和调度算法的有效性。     

基于个性化生产模式的并行机调度问题研究

针对具有不同交货期窗口的并行机调度问题,研究了能客观反映个性化生产模式下客户抱怨特点的作业调度模型,采用相对惩罚因子和级数惩罚因子有效地对问题进行描述,建立了具有相对概念和非线性特征的目标函数,使惩罚值更贴近于现实。针对数学模型提出了采用随机键编码方式的遗传算法,最小化所有工件提前、拖期惩罚值,并应用仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

用遗传算法求解一类不确定性作业车间调度问题

对具有不确定加工时间和交货期窗口的一类作业车间调度问题进行了研究.不确定加工时间用区间数来表示,以工件提前或者拖期遭受惩罚的可能性的总加权和最小作为优化目标.设计了带精英交叉策略的遗传算法求解此类问题.仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性.计算结果表明,该遗传算法有更快的收敛速度、更高的优化精度和更好的初值鲁棒性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.