运营级路由器技术及产品综述

传统电信网将向基于IP的提供综合多业务的下一代网络演进,路由器作为IP网络的基本组成部分,直接决定IP网络提供业务的能力,是下一代网络的核心部件。     

核心路由器

核心路由器是指在 IP骨干网核心使用的 ,交换容量达到或超过千兆比特级的 ,具有高密度高速端口的路由器产品。该类产品的可扩展性、高速接口、互操作性、Qo S能力、可靠性 ,为骨干网提供了良好的升级、服务质量和故障恢复能力 ,并且为网络向下一代基于 IP的高速骨干网发展奠定了良好的基础。未来 IP骨干网的三个关键组成部分是光纤、DWDM和核心路由器。目前的光网络层运行在OC- 48和 OC- 1 92速率 ,传统路由器无法提供相应的接口速率和端口密度 ,不能有效利用巨大的原始带宽 ,造成了骨干网的潜在瓶颈。核心路由器是未来骨干网的关键…     

下一代网络市场发展及走向

下一代网络将由IP占据主导地位,它也将承载各种各样的新业务,但目前下一代网络运营者提供的业务主要是IP电话、IP传真和IP－VPN。下一代网络运营者若想获得高速发展,须要涉足不同市场及提供不同类型的业务。     

主编寄语

最近几年,IP技术得到了迅速发展,如路由器技术发展日新月异,在Cisco、Juniper、华为等公司的推动下,路由器的吞吐量、处理能力、实现机制有了新的飞跃,Tbit/s级甚至数十Tbit/s级的超大容量核心路由器已投入商用;而从IP网络建设来看,采用新的路由技术的IP网络也纷纷启动建设,如中国下一代互联网主干网——CERNET2试验网已正式开通,中国电信启动了下一代IP骨干承载网——CN2的建设,IP网络的容量、性能等有了很大的提高;从应用来看,IP应用范围和领域正迅速扩大,已从因特网扩展到企业办公、语音业务、电子商务等各个领域,已成为生活和…     

高速路由器技术发展展望

路由器在Internet中起着举足轻重的作用,但是随着网上业务种类、业务量、用户数的迅猛发展,原有路由器在很多方面已经不能满足现在通信的需要,市场呼唤高速高性能路由器.高速高性能路由器是下一代高速网络的核心,自1997年第一个吉比特级路由器面世以来,高速高性能路由器迅速成为倍受瞩目的热点.     

新产品之窗

安捷伦新品 推出高速生产测试解决方案BIST Assist 6．4；为SOC测试系统推出音频／视频卡；推出光纤通道控制器；德州仪器借助新型WLAN语音平台实现便携式IP电话；诺基亚新型TETRA手机THR880i；阿尔卡特推出全新企业动力软件；UT斯达康发布新一代综合接入平台；Juniper网络公司推出SSL VPN一站式平台；Force 10 Networks推出业界第一个真正万亿位交换机／路由器；思博伦通信发布下一代IP路由器测试系统。     

下一代IP网与第五代路由器

目前人们面临网络建设方向的选择，QoS、安全性和可信任性、IP网的可运营性等关键技术成为未来网络发展重点。下一代IP网络将采用IP网的核心技术。结合电信网的设计理念，建设一个可管理、可运营的网络，为运营商提供一个可以达到电信网服务质量保证的IP网，建立可赢利的商业模型。第五代路由器由于采用有智能的网络处理器(NP)，可以灵活加进对用户的管理等多种功能，完全适应下一代IP网的发展要求。     

网络中路由器的应用与配置

信息技术的高速发展让路由器在网络中担任了重要角色,它主要是进行IP分组,大部分网络还需要路由器之间有联络关系。路由器的访问列表是现今应用较为广泛的提高网络安全性的方法,本文就网络中路由器的配置、访问列表控制和网络运行环境配置进行分析,讨论路由器在网络中的应用。     

蒋林涛谈“下一代IP网与第五代路由器”

近日，国家IP与多媒体标准研究组主席蒋林涛谈到“下一代IP网与第五代路由器”     

蒋林涛谈“下一代IP网与第五代路由器”

近日,国家IP与多媒体标准研究组主席蒋林涛谈到“下一代IP网与第五代路由器”     

Strategies Towords Next Generation IP Over Optical Networks

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IP router architectures: an overview

In the emerging environment of high performance IP networks, it is expected that local and campus area backbones, enterprise networks, and internet service providers (ISPs) will use multigigabit and terabit networking technologies where IP routers will be used not only to interconnect backbone segments but also to act as points of attachments to high performance wide area links. Special attention must be given to new powerful architectures for routers in order to play that demanding role. In this paper, we identify important trends in router design and outline some design issues facing the next generation of routers. It is also observed that the achievement of high throughput IP routers is possible if the critical tasks are identified and special purpose modules are properly tailored to perform them. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Active networks for efficient distributed network management

The emerging next generation of routers exhibit both high performance and rich functionality, such as support for virtual private networks and QoS. To achieve this, per-flow queuing and fast IP filtering are incorporated into the router hardware. The management of a network comprising such devices and efficient use of the new functionality introduce new challenges. A truly distributed network management system is an attractive candidate to address these challenges. We describe how active network techniques can be used to allow fast and easy deployment of distributed network management applications in IP networks. We describe a prototype system where legacy routers are enhanced with an adjunct active engine, which enables the safe execution and rapid deployment of new distributed management applications in the network layer. This system can gradually be integrated in today's IP network, and allows smooth migration from IP to programmable networks. This is done with an emphasis on efficient use of network resources, which is somewhat obscure by many of today's high-level solutions     

Fast Duplicate Address Detection for Seamless Inter-Domain Handoff in All-IPv6 Mobile Networks

In All-IP networks, each computer or communication equipment needs an IP address. To supply enough IP addresses, the new Internet protocol IPv6 will be used in next generation mobile communication. Although IPv6 improves the existing Internet protocol (IPv4), Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) mechanism may consume resources and suffer from long delay. DAD is used to make sure whether the IP address is unique or not. When a mobile node performs an inter-domain handoff, it will first generate a new IP and perform a DAD procedure. The DAD procedure not only wastes time but also increases the signaling load on Internet. In this paper, we propose a new DAD mechanism to speed up the DAD procedure. We create a DAD table in access or mobility routers in All-IP networks and record all IP addresses of the area. When a new IP address needs to perform DAD, it can just search in the DAD table to confirm the uniqueness of the address. Furthermore, we propose a new method, Fast Duplicate Address Detection (Fast DAD), to reduce data search time. Simulation results show that our method outperforms the existing DAD methods.     

Next generation routers

As the broadband access technologies, such as DSL, cable modem, and gigabit Ethernet, are providing affordable broadband solutions to the Internet from home and the enterprise, it is required to build next generation routers with high-speed interfaces (e.g., 10 or 40 Gb/s) and large switching capacity (e.g., multipetabit). This paper first points out the issues of building such routers, such as memory speed constraint, packet arbitration bottleneck, and interconnection complexity. It then presents several algorithms/architectures to implement IP route lookup, packet classification, and switch fabrics. Some of the functions, such as packet classification, route lookup, and traffic management, can be implemented with emerging network processors that have the advantages of providing flexibility to new applications and protocols, shortening the design cycle and time-to-market, and reducing the implementation cost by avoiding the ASIC approach. Several proposed algorithms for IP route lookup and packet classification are compared in respect to their search/update speeds and storage requirements. Different efficient arbitration schemes for output port contention resolution are presented and analyzed. The paper also surveys various switch architectures of commercial routers and switch chip sets. At the end, it outlines several challenging issues that remain to be researched for next generation routers     

IP/SDH接口的分析与设计

;IP/SDH接口技术是IP骨干网上千兆路由器高速互连的经济并且有效的解决方式.首先介绍IP/SDH的接口规范,然后主要对其中存在的问题和可能造成的影响进行了分析.为提高网络的可靠性,讨论了一种加扰码的改进的接口设计.     

宽带IP网数据链路协议帧同步性能研究

在阐述数据链路层帧同步原理的基础上，对应用于宽带IP传送网络中的GFP与HDLC两种数据链路层协议的帧同步性能进行定量的比较，分析表明，GFP高的协议实现性能，高传送效率以及高传输速率等优点使之更适合于下一代高速IP传送网络。     

太比特路由器关键技术分析

太比特路由器是一种具有Tbit/s级的交换容量、支持多业务的超高速路由器，是构成一代骨干网的关键要素之一。本文首先简单介绍了高速路由器的体系结构和技术发展趋势，然后主要叙述了太比特路由器的体系结构特点和设计中需要克服的关键技术，最后简单分析了太比特路由器市场前景。     

Survey and taxonomy of IP address lookup algorithms

Due to the rapid growth of traffic in the Internet, backbone links of several gigabits per second are commonly deployed. To handle gigabit-per-second traffic rates, the backbone routers must be able to forward millions of packets per second on each of their ports. Fast IP address lookup in the routers, which uses the packet's destination address to determine for each packet the next hop, is therefore crucial to achieve the packet forwarding rates required. IP address lookup is difficult because it requires a longest matching prefix search. In the last couple of years, various algorithms for high-performance IP address lookup have been proposed. We present a survey of state-of-the-art IP address lookup algorithms and compare their performance in terms of lookup speed, scalability, and update overhead     

Routing with a clue

We suggest a new simple forwarding technique to speed up IP destination address lookup. The technique is a natural extension of IP, requires 5 bits in the IP header (IPv4, 7 in IPv6), and performs IP lookup nearly as fast as IP/Tag switching but with a smaller memory requirement and a much simpler protocol. The basic idea is that each router adds a "clue" to each packet, telling its downstream router where it ended the IP lookup. Since the forwarding tables of neighboring routers are similar, the clue either directly determines the best prefix match for the downstream router, or provides the downstream router with a good point to start its IP lookup. The new scheme thus prevents repeated computations and distributes the lookup process across the routers along the packet path. Each router starts the lookup computation at the point its upstream neighbor has finished. Furthermore, the new scheme is easily assimilated into heterogeneous IP networks, does not require routers coordination, and requires no setup time. Even a flow of one packet enjoys the benefits of the scheme without any additional overhead. The speedup we achieve is about 10 times faster than current standard techniques. In a sense, this paper shows that the current routers employed in the Internet are clue-less; namely, it is possible to speed up the IP lookup by an order of magnitude without any major changes to the existing protocols