基于DEFORM-3D的花键成形分析

基于刚塑性有限元法基本理论,并借助于通用三维有限元分析软件DEFORM-3D建立了花键冷滚压成形全过程三维动态有限元模型,对花键冷滚压成形过程进行了有限元模拟分析。揭示了花键冷滚压成形过程的等效应力、等效应变的分布情况和金属流动规律,从而为花键冷滚压成形工艺研究提供理论依据。     

基于积分弱形式的无网格-有限元法耦合方法研究

无网格伽辽金法是基于移动最小二乘法的一种求解偏微分方程非常有效的方法,但是对于一些规模较大的问题,其计算费用较高,将无网格法与有限元耦合可以极大提高求解效率.文中根据D. Hegen提出的基于积分弱形式耦合方法,进一步明确处理耦合区域部分的数学、物理意义, 有效地引入一个综合控制因子反映权函数的紧支性, 并经算例验证方法的正确性及控制因子的有效性.     

集成于CAD系统的体积成形三维有限元仿真系统

对体积成形三维有限元仿真的难点：多工位体积成形中的信息传递、三维六面体网格再划分技术、三维模具几何信息的精确描述、动态边界处理等进行了总结,并实现了相应的解决技术。利用这些技术,自行开发了集成于ＣＡＤ系统的体积成形三维有限元仿真系统Ｆｏｒｍ ｉｎｇ３,介绍了Ｆｏｒｍ ｉｎｇ３ 的主要特征     

RIGID—PLASTIC／RIGID—VISCOPLASTIC FEM BASED ON LINEAR PROGRAMMING—THEORETICAL MODELING AND APPLICATION FOR PLANE—STRAIN PROBLEMS

A new rigid-plastic/rigid-viscoplastic (RP/RVP) FEM based on linear programming (LP) for plane-strain metal forming simulation is proposed. Compared with the traditional RP/RVP FEM based on iteration solution, it has some remarkable advantages, such as it's free of convergence problem and its convenience in contact, incompressibility constraint and rigid zone treatment. Two solution examples are provided to validate its accuracy and efficiency.     

基于配点型无网格法的金属体积成形过程数值模拟

基于配点型无网格法的基本原理，阐述了采用配点型无网格法求解偏微分方程的步骤和方法，推导了刚塑性二维轴对称问题的配点型无网格法求解公式。以汽车气门弹簧座冷挤压过程为例，对金属体积成形的塑性变形情况进行了模拟分析。算例表明，配点型无网格法不需要借助背景网格或有限元网格进行数值积分，解决了伽辽金型无网格法计算效率低的问题。计算结果与有限元法比较接近，说明配点型无网格法用于金属塑性大变形过程数值模拟是可行性的。     

三辊楔横轧空心件成形机理的研究

利用刚塑性有限元,基于Deform-3D平台建立了三辊楔横轧空心件的有限元热力耦合模型.通过模拟计算,分析了轧制过程金属的流动规律,研究楔横轧轧件上每一点的应力、应变场分布以及轧辊的力能参数.研究结果对解决零件精确成形和提高轧件质量具有理论意义和实用价值.     

On the prediction of side-wall wrinkling in sheet metal forming processes

Prediction and prevention of side-wall wrinkling are extremely important in the design of tooling and process parameters in sheet metal forming processes. The prediction methods can be broadly divided into two categories: an analytical approach and a numerical simulation using finite element method (FEM). In this paper, a modified energy approach utilizing energy equality and the effective dimensions of the region undergoing circumferential compression is proposed based on simplified flat or curved sheet models with approximate boundary conditions. The analytical model calculates the critical buckling stress as a function of material properties, geometry parameters and current in-plane stress ratio. Meanwhile, the sensitivities of various input parameters and integration methods of FEM models on the prediction of wrinkling phenomena are investigated. To validate our proposed method and to illustrate the sensitivity issue in the FEM simulation, comparisons with experimental results of the Yoshida buckling test, aluminum square cup forming and aluminum conical cup forming are presented. The results demonstrate excellent agreements between the proposed method and experiments. Our model provides a reliable and effective predictor for the onset of side-wall wrinkling in sheet metal forming processes.     

金属板料渐进成形有限元仿真过程中复杂成形路径的构建方法

提出一种用于获得复杂空间运动轨迹的方法——虚拟靠模导向法。该方法借鉴了数控加工中COPY铣的思想,利用轨迹生成球在由零件派生出的虚拟靠模表面上的持续运动来模拟实际成形工具的运动过程,从而获得最终成形路径。基于该思想和简单的运动学原理,轨迹球与虚拟靠模有限元模型被构建起来。通过对计算过程进行分析,确定运用该法时适合的加载力、成形速度及计算精度的影响因素。因该法完全基于有限元模拟计算,故获得的成形路径可直接导入至后续的金属板料成形过程的模拟分析。该法已在有限元软件PAMSTAMP平台上得以实现,并主要用于金属板料渐进成形过程的有限元仿真。     

汽车前轴精密辊锻成形过程的数值模拟

汽车前轴的精辊-模锻工艺是一种用小成形力锻造设备成形较大型前轴锻件的塑性加工技术,其工艺关键在于精密辊锻。前轴的精密辊锻分4个道次,是典型的局部成形工艺。辊锻工艺由于旋转的模具与辊锻件之间的接触区域在不断变化,一直以来成为数值模拟的难点。对4个道次的模具建立了模型,采用三维刚塑性有限元程序DEFORM-3D模拟了前轴精密辊锻工艺,分析了辊锻过程中金属变形的规律,研究了模具参数对成形质量的影响以及辊锻力矩的变化规律。模拟结果对于改进辊锻工艺设计、提高模具设计水平具有指导作用。     

三维体积成形过程的并行无网格法仿真分析

将显示无网格法引入三维体积成形仿真过程,设计了基于再生核质点法(Reproducing kernel particle method, RKPM)无网格法理论的并行算法。在前处理过程中,采用了多层次二分法对几何模型进行分区;在仿真计算过程中,设计基于消息传递机制的粗粒度并行程序,针对接触搜寻算法的特点,提出了接触问题并行化的新策略。并编制了相应的程序,成功地对三维体积成形问题进行了求解,准确地处理了网格严重畸变的问题,并验证了该算法的准确性和有效性。     

刚塑性无网格方法中体积闭锁问题的缓解算法

将无网格伽辽金方法引入金属塑性成形过程分析,在给出基于刚塑性理论的无网格伽辽金方法及其基本理论方程的基础上,重点研究应用无网格方法分析金属塑性成形问题时所面临体积闭锁问题的缓解算法,采用体积应变率映射方法,对能量速率泛函中的体积应变率进行修正处理,通过将速度场计算的体积应变率映射到低维空间,降低独立约束方程数目,从而建立体积闭锁现象的缓解算法。应用所建立的方法对典型锻造过程进行了无网格分析,结果表明,该算法能够有效解决体积闭锁问题。     

基于物质点法金属体积成形过程的仿真

针对传统有限元法开展金属体积成形分析过程中存在的网格畸变,以及在常规无网格法分析中存在的本质边界条件施加困难等问题,建立了基于物质点法金属体积成形过程的仿真模型。因其背景网格积分采用了有限元形函数,从而有效地解决了边界条件施加困难的问题。通过对圆柱顶镦和反向挤压等金属体积成形过程的仿真,并将仿真结果与实验和有限元结果进行了对比分析,结果显示物质点法不仅能有效地消除网格畸变,而且在金属发生大变形时其计算精度优于有限元法的计算精度。所得结论可为物质点法在弹塑性大变形分析中的应用提供指导。     

Study on multiple-step incremental air-bending forming of sheet metal with springback model and FEM simulation

A mathematical model of springback radius was developed with dimensional analysis and orthogonal test. With this model, the punch radius could be solved for forming high-precision semiellipse-shaped workpieces. With the punch radius and other geometrical parameters of a tool, a 2D ABAQUS finite-element model (FEM) was established. Then, the forming process of sheet metal multiple-step incremental air bending was simulated with the FEM. The result showed that average errors of the simulated workpiece were +0.68/?0.65 mm, and provided the process data consisting of sheet feed rate, punch displacement and springback angle in each step. A semiellipse-shaped workpiece, whose average errors are +0.68/?0.69 mm, was made with the simulation data. These results indicate that the punch design method is feasible with the mathematical model, and the means of FEM simulation is effective. It can be taken as a new approach for sheet metal multiple-step incremental air-bending forming and tool design.     

汽车后延臂液压胀形的数值模拟

在基于刚塑性模型的HydroFORM-3D有限元平台上,对汽车后延臂的液压胀形工艺进行数值模拟分析和研究,分别考察了汽车后延臂液压胀形的主要工艺参数,如管内压力、轴向进给量及摩擦条件对成形过程的影响。并与实际试验结果进行验证和比较,结果表明,数值模拟具有较好的计算精度,可以准确地预测出几何变形和厚度变薄量。     

Integration of RP and explicit dynamic FEM for the visualization of the sheet metal forming process

This paper develops a FORTRAN program to convert the explicit dynamic finite element method (FEM)-simulated deformed sheet to the stereolithography (STL) format used in the rapid prototyping (RP) apparatus. Such integration of the RP/FEM can rapidly produce a visualized 3D physical part of the sheet deformation state. Three cases – cylindrical drawing, bore expanding and square cup drawing processes, simulated by explicit dynamic FEM – were investigated to verify the integration system. The wrinkled flange in the cylindrical drawing process, the circle hole expansion in the bore expanding process, and the square cup in the square cup drawing were successfully predicted by explicit dynamic FEM, and the rapid prototyping 3D physical parts also showed good visualization of the deformed sheet for the above three cases. It proves that the integration system of RP/FEM will be able to supply a useful method for the visualization of the 3D physical part in the sheet metal forming process.     

热轧带钢尾部鱼尾形状与控制研究

采用刚塑性有限元法建立立轧／平轧三维热应力耦合有限元模型，并对宝钢2050热轧带钢粗轧机组轧制过程进行了全过程模拟。模拟所得的带钢尾部形状与现场图片吻合良好，有效地验证了计算模型。通过有限元仿真计算，研究带钢尾部鱼尾形状形成机理，得到了粗轧各道次轧后带钢尾部鱼尾切损的分布规律。提出了立轧／平轧负张力控制轧制带钢尾部的方法，通过计算表明该方法能够有效减少带钢尾部鱼尾切损量。建立了E】机架新的短行程控制模型，通过对比分析可知新模型比原模型能更好地改善尾部形状。     

Rigid-plastic finite element analysis of sheet metal forming processes using continuous contact treatment and membrane elements incorporating bending effects

An improved method of contact treatment is developed in which both the FEM (finite element method) mesh and the tool surfaces are described with parametric patches which have C¹ continuity or more. The FEM mesh at the current configuration is globally converted into smooth surface patches of net form. A continuous sheet surface normal scheme is devised by using the globally smoothed mesh surface. A robust and efficient contact search algorithm is also developed in connection with the proposed continuous contact treatment. As an improved version of conventional membrane element, the BEAM (abbreviated from Bending Energy Augmented Membrane) element is newly developed based on node spring. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed continuous contact treatment and BEAM element, deep drawing processes of complicated parts including actual auto-body panel are analysed. Comparisons with the available experiment and analysis show that the proposed continuous contact treatment in connection with BEAM elements can be effectively applied to the analysis of sheet metal forming processes for arbitrarily curved parts with deformation regions in which the bending effect must be taken into account.     

An element-free Galerkin forward solver for the complete-electrode model in electrical impedance tomography

An element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) is used for solving forward problem based on the complete electrode model (CEM) in electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The EFGM requires only nodal data and has the ability of providing mesh-independent solutions because no element connectivity is needed to be used in this method. However, direct imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions for the EFGM is difficult because the shape functions employed in this method do not have the property of Dirac delta function. Solving the EIT forward problem based on the CEM by the EFGM, the effects of electrodes and contact impedances are taken into account and the complete solution of equations is provided without imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions. The numerical results are validated with experimental results obtained from a 2D circular homogeneous phantom, and the performance of the EFGM compared with the finite element method is also illustrated. Moreover, results obtained from the EFGM are presented for an inhomogeneous numerical phantom.     

环件热辗扩温度场和应变场分布的研究

基于DEFORM3D平台,建立了环件辗扩三维刚-塑性热力耦合有限元模型,模拟分析了热辗扩过程中温度场和应变场的分布特征及其对成形的影响规律。结果表明：随着辗扩过程的进行,环坯等效应变呈阶梯状上升,温度呈波浪式变化;环坯外圈等效应变最大,中层最小;变形初始外圈温度变化最大,随着辗扩过程的进行,中层温度逐渐上升,内圈始终最小;随着初始辗扩温度的升高,辗扩力明显下降,但变化趋势保持一致。     

基于模具解析描述的两维金属成形模拟中的通用接触处理方法

接触处理方法是影响有限元数值模拟精度和效率的关键因素。针对两维金属成形中模具可以用线段和圆弧分段解析描述的特点 ,提出了一种通用的 ,以节点位置和边界约束修正为核心的接触处理方法 ,它具有较高的计算精度 ,可以真实反映金属和模具之间的接触状态。