ESMl22润滑添加剂的磨损自补偿效应研究

研制出了在不同载荷和不同行程内对45^#钢—45^#钢摩擦副及45^#钢—锡青铜摩擦副均形成负磨损，具有优异的磨损自补偿效应和摩擦学效应的磨损自补偿润滑添加剂ESMl22。红外光谱分析证实，润滑添加剂在钢和铜摩擦表面形成了由聚合酯组成的自补偿膜。     

羟基硅酸镁/Ag纳米复合材料的金属磨损自补偿特性与机制

在MMU-10G型摩擦磨损试验机上考察共混羟基硅酸镁(简称P)/Ag复合纳米材料对45~#钢摩擦副的磨损自补偿性能,用EPMA-1600电子探针和X射线光电子能谱仪表征摩擦运行后的试样表面形貌、元素组成及其价态。结果表明,含质量分数30%Ag的共混羟基硅酸镁/Ag复合纳米粉体作为自补偿添加剂能够在45#钢表面形成自补偿膜层,可有效减小其在磨合阶段和稳定磨损阶段的磨损失重;其自补偿机制为,在摩擦热化学、力化学与物理作用下,P/Ag复合纳米润滑添加剂在45~#钢表面形成了主要由Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4、FeOOH、SiO_2、MgO、C、Ag组成的表面膜,该膜层的补偿与隔离作用,可降低金属的磨损;其减摩作用是自补偿膜层中的铁氧化物、石墨形态C、软金属纳米Ag的低剪切应力和纳米P的微滚珠效应协同作用的结果。     

基础油粘度对磨损自补偿性能影响研究

本文对两种载荷下钢—铜摩擦副在不同粘度的润滑介质(其中包括含有和未含自补偿剂SW_4)作用下的摩擦学特性进行了研究.发现自补偿添加剂SW_4与常规润滑添加剂不同,基础油粘度越低,载荷越大,钢—铜摩擦副的磨损越小,其磨损自补偿性能越好.因此,自补偿添加剂SW_4为油品的低粘化提供了一条有效途径.     

基础油粘度对磨损自补偿性影响研究

本文对两种载荷下钢－铜摩擦副在不同粘度的润滑介质（其中包括含有和未含自补偿剂ＳＷ４）作用下的摩擦学特性进行了研究。发现自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４与常规润滑添加剂不同,基础油粘度越低,载荷越大,钢－铜摩擦副的磨损越上,其磨损自补偿性能越好,自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４为油品的低粘化提供了一条有效途径     

磨损自补偿的载荷效应研究

通过载荷对磨损自补偿添加剂的性能的影响研究,发现在磨损自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４的作用下,钢－铜摩擦副的磨损量与载荷无关;而且载荷越大,钢－铜摩擦副的磨损自补偿效应越显著,这些结果不同于传统的摩擦学理论。因此。磨损自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４特别适合于重载工况下运行的钢－铜摩擦副,如轧钢厂压下系统的丝杆－螺母副,为提高这类重载钢－铜摩擦副的寿命和可靠性提供了一条有效途径。     

自补偿摩擦表面微观形貌分析

进行了钢－铜摩擦副的原始表面、常规润滑油和自补偿滑油润滑下的表面微观形貌测试和分析;对自补偿润滑下和常规润滑下钢、铜表面的粗糙度和表面轮廓特征参数进行了比较;研究了载荷、摩擦行程对自补偿润滑下钢、铜表面微观形貌的影响;得出了钢－铜摩擦副的磨损在一定范围内与载荷无关、其磨损不随摩擦行程线性增加、自补偿添加剂ＳＷ４更适应于重载工况和经过大的摩擦行程后仍起作用等结论。     

时间效应对45~#钢-铸铁摩擦副在自修复添加剂作用下摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用MMU-5G型端面摩擦磨损试验机,研究了在自修复添加剂作用下,时间对45#钢-铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响及其机制.验证了45#钢与铸铁匹配时摩擦表面形成自修复膜的能力,研究了铸铁的摩擦磨损性能及自修复膜形成情况,借助SEM和EDS观察分析摩擦表面形貌及成分组成.结果表明:时间效应对45#钢-铸铁摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响显著,铸铁试样的磨损失重损失低于45#钢,摩擦磨损时间为10 h时,45#钢试样表面生成自修复膜,而铸铁表面未观察有修复膜的生成,添加剂对铸铁的减摩和耐磨效应显著.     

磨损自补偿的摩擦学原理

本文根据已完成的自补偿油润滑下钢－钢摩擦副的摩擦学试验和摩擦表面分析,对比分析了传统的边界润滑和磨损自补偿润滑的不同之处,提出了磨损自补偿的六条摩擦学原理。这些理论该能较好地解释试验结果,为磨损自补偿理论的建立提供了理论依据。     

磨损自补偿润滑添加剂 ZT2 的摩擦学特性试验

在基础油Ｌ－ＡＮ４６中测定了磨损自补偿添加剂及对比添加剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的各项摩擦学性质,研究证实添加剂ＺＴ２对钢／钢摩擦副具有磨损自补偿功能,产生了优异的综合摩擦学效应,摩擦副的减摩性、耐磨性和抗擦伤性均得到了显著的改善。     

自补偿添加剂作用下钢-钢摩擦副的摩擦学特性

在轧机压下装置中的齿轮传动钢-钢摩擦副上,考察了所研制的磨损自补偿添加剂SW4对润滑油承载能力及钢-钢摩擦副摩擦磨损特性的影响。结果表明:磨损自补偿剂SW4加入所试验的4种润滑油中,都不同程度地提高钢-钢摩擦副的最大无卡咬负荷和烧结负荷,其中最大无卡咬负荷提高程度较大;同时钢-钢摩擦副的耐磨性也有很大的提高。     

The Role of Aluminum Segregation in the Wear of Aluminum/Bronze-Steel Interfaces Under Conditions of Boundary Lubrication

An interest in the wear of steel nonsteel systems, currently in use in aircraft fuel systems, has led to a study of aluminum bronze sliding on KE961 steel in the presence of kerosene with, and without, the addition of a commercial boundary lubricant. Experiments were conducted to determine wear rates with change of load together with an extensive investigation of the contacting surfaces using physical techniques such as EPMA, SEM and Auger spectroscopy.

It was found that the additive had an initial pro-wear effect on the bronze followed by a sharp reduction in wear. The results of the measurements, and of the surface analysis, indicate that the mechanism responsible for this wear is due to preferential segregation of the aluminum to the surface. In the absence of the additive, aluminum is transferred to the steel and forms a solid solution which can cause seizure to occur.     

Tribological behavior of sintered tin bronze with additions of alumina and nickel oxide

The tribological characteristics of sintered tin bronze with additions of oxides of aluminum and nickel have been studied. The addition of ultrafine particles of alumina or the mixture of alumina and nickel oxide to sintered tin bronze reduces the coefficient of friction, the temperature in the friction zone and the volume wear rate of the rubbing surfaces. The average coefficient of friction of the material does not change substantially over time. During wear, the chipping of oxide microparticles was observed, which led to a change in the roughness of the working surfaces. The presence of Motor Life Professional additive in oil reduces coefficient of friction, the temperature in the friction zone, and the volume wear rate of rubbing surfaces.     

The effect of zinc di-n-butyl dithiophosphate on bronze wear in a lubricated bronze-on-steel contact

The tribological behaviour of zinc di-n-butyl dithiophosphate in steel-on-bronze contacts has been studied in a three-pin-on-disc wear machine under closely controlled conditions, whilst parameters such as load, sliding speed, additive concentration and roughness of the steel disc were varied systematically. Most of the work was carried out with a mineral base oil having a low sulphur content. The work has shown that there are several ways in which the presence of the zinc di-n-butyl dithiophosphate in the oil can influence the wear of the bronze.Firstly, the zinc di-n-butyl dithiophosphate modifies the top surface layer of the bronze which results in a decrease of mechanical wear, i.e. adhesive and abrasive wear processes, but which promotes chemical wear. The net effect is to promote wear when the concentration of the additive is high and the lubrication conditions are mild, i.e. smooth discs and high sliding speeds. It has been observed that the net effect can also be to inhibit wear at low concentrations of the additive and intermediate roughnesses of the steel disc.Secondly, the zinc di-n-butyl dithiophosphate interacts with the steel surface by protecting the asperity tips on the steel against wear. With the base oil alone the asperities are allowed to run in and thereby reduce wear, but the additive prevents running in. This mechanism predominates when the roughness of the steel disc is high.     

Chemistry of Antiwear Films from Ashless Thiophosphate Oil Additives

X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the interaction of ashless thiophosphate oil additives on steel. Both mono- and dithiophosphates were studied and compared with one another in terms of chemistry and tribological performance. XANES revealed that, thermally, all three thiophosphate additives behaved similarly with steel to form a thermal film at temperatures of 150 °C. The thermal films all consisted of a layered structure comprised of Fe(II) polyphosphate and FeSO₄ in the bulk and iron polyphosphate of various chain length towards the surface. Tribochemical films generated at 5min, 1 h, and 6 h of wear testing revealed that for all three additives, the phosphorus chemistry of an antiwear (AW) film remained chemically consistent throughout all rubbing times. This suggests that the phosphorus chemistry of the AW film is determined in the initial stages of tribofilm formation. The iron polyphosphate chain length remained uniform throughout the AW film with short chain iron polyphosphates found both at the surface and in the bulk of the films. Mild AW conditions produced several different forms of sulfur at the various stages during wear testing. S K-edge XANES spectra for the 5-min tribofilms (both total electron yield and fluorescence yield) showed oxidized and reduced forms of sulfur throughout the films for all three additives. Over extended periods of rubbing (6 h), the more thermodynamically stable product, FeSO₄, was produced and became the major constituent of the tribofilms formed. Iron sulfate was present throughout the films with only traces of reduced sulfur present.AFM imaging of the AW films revealed that the morphology of the films varied from additive to additive and changed over the duration of wear testing. Generally, the AW films were composed of elongated pads orientated in the sliding direction. As rubbing continued, the pads of each AW film became more homogeneous. The larger pads of AW film appeared to have supported most of the load throughout the course of wear testing, resulting in better AW protection to the metal over increased periods of rubbing     

对偶材料对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

分别以45#钢、铍青铜、碳化硅颗粒基体改性铍青铜、氧化铝涂层为对偶材料与同一种树脂基摩擦材料在MM1000-II型摩擦磨损试验机上进行干式摩擦磨损试验,研究对偶材料对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;利用偏光显微镜观察材料磨损后的表面微观形貌。结果表明:氧化铝涂层对偶材料的磨损率最低,摩擦因数适中,但摩擦因数稳定性较差;对偶材料为45#钢时摩擦因数较低,但摩擦因数的稳定系最好;对偶材料为铍青铜时摩擦磨损性能最佳,摩擦因数较高且稳定性较好,铍青铜本身和与之匹配的摩擦材料的磨损率都很低,且摩擦表面均没有形成孔洞和犁沟;改性铍青铜在各方面都表现出较差的性能。     

磷、氮改性油酸水溶性润滑添加剂的合成及摩擦学性能

以油酸为原料，合成了一种新型含磷、氮水溶性润滑添加剂，用红外光谱仪对其主要官能团进行了鉴定，用摩擦磨损试验机考察了合成产物在水中的摩擦学性能，用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了磨斑表面的形貌，并用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了钢球磨损表面典型元素的化学状态。结果表明：含磷、氮水溶性润滑添加剂具有优良的抗磨和减摩性能，添加剂在钢球磨损表面形成了吸附膜和（或）摩擦化学反应膜，表现出良好的抗磨和极压作用，从而提高了添加剂在中水的摩擦学性能。     

不同纳米添加剂下GCr15/45钢自修复性能研究

利用高精度液压式往复试验机研究了纳米羟基磷酸钙、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氮化钛3种纳米添加剂润滑条件下GCr15/45钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电子显微镜和EDX能谱对磨斑进行了微观分析。结果表明:纳米润滑添加剂可以降低摩擦副摩擦因数和材料磨损量,表现出优良的抗磨损性能;3种纳米添加剂具有不同的自修复机制,其中纳米羟基磷酸钙和纳米二氧化钛的修复机制主要为铺展成膜自修复,而纳米氮化钛为铺展成膜自修复和原位摩擦化学自修复并存;纳米氮化钛的自修复效果最佳,纳米二氧化钛的自修复性能最差。