SnO2/TiO2氧气指示剂的研制及光催化性能研究

通过微波水热法制备了SnO₂/TiO₂纳米复合氧化物，将其作为光催化剂分别制备了氧气指示剂水溶性油墨和醇溶性油墨。结果表明：醇溶性油墨和水溶性油墨在紫外光下照射漂白分别需要30s和3min,暴露于氧气中完全恢复初始颜色分别需要2h和10min。重复10次“紫外光漂白-恢复颜色”过程后，油墨仍然具有对氧气的敏感性。制备的SnO₂/TiO₂氧气指示剂油墨具有对氧气快速响应、颜色变化明显、可循环利用等优势，作为氧气指示剂应用于气调包装中，能很好地检测包装完整性。     

微波法制备纳米TiO2材料的研究进展

介绍了微波加热的基本原理，对微波技术在纳米二氧化钛材料制备中的应用与研究进展进行了比较全面的综述。着重介绍了与微波有关的纳米二氧化钛材料制备方法，包括微波水解法、微波水热法、微波沉淀法、微波干燥法、微波烧结法、微波等离子气相法，并就这些合成方法的作用机理、特点和影响因素进行了讨论。     

一维TiO2纳米材料的微观形态与结构的控制

采用水热法在不同温度下制备了TiO2一维纳米材料,并对其进行了微观形态和晶体结构研究.结果表明,通过控制系统的温度和压力可以分别得到TiO2纳米微粒、纳米管和纳米带.纳米管和纳米带材料具有不同于金红石和锐钛矿型的锐钛矿和钛酸的混合结构;将产物在500℃下热处理后,纳米管/带完全转变为锐钛矿型结构.     

氧气含量比变化对气相爆轰合成纳米二氧化钛的影响

以氢气和氧气作为爆炸源,四氯化钛作为前躯体气相爆轰制备纳米二氧化钛是一种新兴的纳米氧化物制备方法。通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析其晶相组成,并通过透射电镜(TEM)观察了产物颗粒的大小和形貌,总结了氧气含量对产物的影响。结果表明,在一定条件下产生了金红石相和锐钛矿相的混合晶。随着氧气含量的增加,混合物中锐钛矿相的相对含量变大,但是,氧气含量足够时,生成的是中间产物和金红石相的混合粉体。颗粒呈球形(或类球形),颗粒尺寸变大(80～100nm),分散性变好,颗粒变得更均匀。     

双子表面活性剂为模板纳米二氧化钛的制备及光催化活性

以脱氢松香为原料,通过化学合成的方法制备出一种新颖的双子表面活性剂,采用FT-IR及1 HNMR对其结构进行确证;以酞酸四正丁酯（TNB）为起始原料,通过加入自制的双子表面活性剂,采用水热合成法制备了平均粒径为8.81nm的锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛颗粒;利用FT-IR、TEM、XRD对纳米二氧化钛进行表征;以紫外光为光源,罗丹明B（RhB）为模型污染物考察了纳米二氧化钛的光催化活性,结果表明其催化活性优于未加表面活性剂制备的纳米二氧化钛,且在紫外光下反应3h,RhB的降解率为99.7%,基本完全降解。     

纳米二氧化钛/硅胶光催化剂的制备与性能研究

采用溶胶 凝胶法在硅胶载体上制备了纳米二氧化钛 ,研究载体表面负载二氧化钛的结构、表面形态及其光催化性能。实验发现 ,包覆在硅胶表面的二氧化钛大小为 2 0～ 30nm ,且分布均匀 ,晶型为锐钛矿相 ,以甲基橙作为降解对象研究所制备样品的光催化性能。     

TiCl_4自生晶种水解法制备纳米二氧化钛

采用TiCl4自生晶种水解法制备纳米二氧化钛,研究了反应物的添加方式和浓度对二氧化钛粉体形貌和晶相的影响,制备了粒径20～30nm,分散性好的球状纳米二氧化钛。用亚甲基蓝的光催化降解研究了最佳条件下所制备的二氧化钛粉体的光催化活性。结果表明:该二氧化钛粉体对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解在100min内可达95%以上,具有较高的光催化活性。     

低温制备光催化纳米二氧化钛研究进展

综述了近年来具有光催化活性的纳米二氧化钛颗粒及薄膜的低温制备研究新进展，按水热法、溶胶-凝胶法及沉淀法分类介绍了纳米二氧化钛的低温制备的反应原理、产物性能及优缺点，评述了二氧化钛在高分子材质上的负载化研究进展，并展望了该领域的研究前景。     

煤渣基二氧化钛复合材料制备及其光催化性能研究

采用微波辅助条件下的溶胶-凝胶法制备了煤渣负载纳米TiO_2光催化剂。X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜表征结果表明,所负载的TiO_2为锐钛矿型,平均粒径12nm。以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,着重考察了不同煤渣含量、烧结温度、微波时间、微波功率对其催化性能影响结果表明,煤渣含量32.49%,微波时间为5min,微波功率为400 W,马沸炉温度为400℃时制备的催化剂,催化亚甲基蓝光TiO_2/煤渣复合材料降解效果最好。在搅拌条件下该催化剂催化的光降解反应符合一级动力学方程。     

纳米TiO2-Pt复合材料的制备及在可见光下的光催化性能研究

采用低温水热法制备纳米棒状锐钛矿相TiO₂溶胶,以氯铂酸为Pt源,通过贵金属沉积制备不同含量Pt的纳米TiO₂-Pt复合材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱分析对纳米TiO₂-Pt复合材料的表面形貌和光学性质进行了表征,利用氙灯照射模拟可见光光源对亚甲基蓝(MB)水溶液进行光催化反应降解,通过溶液前后吸光度值的变化来准确评价实验材料的光催化活性。结果表明：制备的二氧化钛溶胶尺寸均一,为标准的锐钛矿型;且Pt纳米粒子很好地分散于TiO₂表面,正是由于铂层的存在,有效抑制了光生电子-空穴的复合,延长了光生载流子的工作寿命,提升了量子效能,使TiO₂-Pt的光催化活性远高于普通TiO₂,对亚甲基蓝的光降解效果也达到了88.5%。     

铜掺杂纳米 TiO2 的制备及其抗菌性能研究

目的制备铜掺杂纳米二氧化钛抗菌材料,测定其金属溶出率,研究该材料的光催化活性及抗菌性能。方法通过水热合成法制备掺铜二氧化钛(TiO_2Cu)纳米材料,采用催化动力学法测定该材料Cu~(~(2+))溶出率,以亚甲蓝为光催化降解材料测定其光催化活性,以金黄色葡萄球菌为目标物,研究在紫外光和非光条件下TiO_2Cu纳米材料的抗菌性能。结果 TiO_2Cu纳米材料Cu~(2+)溶出率最大值为72.36%,在自然光和紫外灯光照下对亚甲蓝光催化降解率分别为95.06%和85.08%,光照下TiO_2Cu材料质量浓度达到10 mg/m L,与细菌共培养90 min后,抑菌率可达94%。结论采用冷冻干燥法制备的含铜量为0.2%的TiO_2Cu材料具有良好的光催化活性,在暗光和紫外光照下均具有一定的抗菌性能。     

TiO2-Al2O3复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

以Ti（SO4）2、Al2（SO4）3·18H2O为原料,采用乙醇助水热法制备了Al2O3-TiO2复合光催化剂,并通过改变A1／Ti物质的量之比、乙醇的体积分数、水热反应温度和反应时间等得到材料制备的最佳条件。XRD分析表明样品中的TiO2以锐钛矿晶相存在,SEM显示样品粒径范围在30-50nm之间。用最佳条件制备的复合光催化剂降解甲基橙溶液,反应30min后降解率这91％,降解过程符合一级动力学方程。     

Rapid photocatalytic destruction of pentachlorophenol in F-Si-comodified TiO(2) suspensions under microwave irradiation

A novel photocatalysis material, F-Si-comodified TiO(2) (FST) powder, was synthesized by ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis. The prepared material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, respectively. XRD analysis indicated that the phase of FST was pure anatase and Si atoms suppressed the growth of titania crystalline, XPS spectra showed that FST was composed of Ti, O, Si and F element, the band gap energy of FST calculated according to the spectrum of UV-vis absorption was 3.26 eV. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as the spin-trap reagent has been applied to detect free radical intermediates generated from FST. ESR results showed the concentration of the active species (OH) on FST is higher than those on F-doping TiO(2) (FT), Si-modifying TiO(2) (ST) and P25 titania. The degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the microwave-assisted photocatalysis (MAPC) process was faster than other processes including microwave-assisted direct photolysis (MADP), microwave process alone (MP) and dark process (DP). The photocatalytic activity of FST is much higher than that of ST, FT and P25 titania. It may be attributed to its strong capacity of absorption to the UV-vis irradiation and more hydroxyl radical on surface of FST. In MPAC process, 40 mg L(-1) PCP was completely degraded in 20 min and its corresponding mineralization efficiency was 71%, the pH of solutions decreased from 10.3 to 6.47 and the dechlorination was completed in 12 min. The intermediates products of PCP in MAPC process identified by GC/MS were trichlorophenols (TCP), tetrachlorophenols (TTCP) and tetrachlorocatechol (TTCC) and the possible mechanism of PCP degradation is proposed.     

Photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue in the presence of TiO2/ZnS nanocomposites

The synthesis of distinct nanocrystalline TiO2 capped ZnS samples was carried out using a chemical deposition method. The materials characterization showed that the presence of ZnS onto TiO2 surface results in a red shift of the material band edge when compared with the initial semiconductor. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanocomposites was tested on the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solutions. The dye photodecolorization process was studied considering the influence of experimental parameters such as catalyst concentration, TiO2/ZnS ratio, pH and methylene blue adsorption rate. The material with the best catalytic activity towards the methylene blue photodecolorization was the TiO2 doped with 0.2% of ZnS. The complete photodecolorization of a 20ppm methylene blue solution, at natural pH was achieved in less than 20min, nearly 70min faster than the TiO2 photoassisted process.     

Pt负载型二氧化钛纳米管/纳米晶复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

结合强吸附能力与高光催化活性的催化剂有望更有效地除去废水中的污染物. 以Degussa P25二氧化钛为原料, 采用水热法制备了二氧化钛纳米管(简称为TNTs), 将TNTs加入到溶有氯铂酸和柠檬酸(还原剂)的无水乙醇中, 在蒸汽相水解装置中通过一步法制备了Pt负载型二氧化钛纳米管/纳米晶复合光催化剂. 蒸汽相处理过程中, 部分纳米管转变为锐钛矿相TiO₂, 仍有部分以管的形式存在, 使纳米复合物保留了较高的吸附能力. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面及孔隙度分析仪等方法对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, 粒径约为4 nm的金属性Pt较好地分散在TNTs及由纳米管转变而来、晶粒尺寸约为8 nm的锐钛矿相TiO₂晶粒表面, 复合物保留了高于216 m²/g的比表面积. 光催化降解染料酸性红及亚甲基蓝的实验结果表明, 纯管有较好的吸附能力, 但是光催化性能非常低, 经120℃蒸气处理并负载贵金属Pt后光催化活性有了显著的提高.     

Synthesis of TiO2 supported on SBA-15 using different method and their photocatalytic activity

SBA-15 mesoporous materials were successfully prepared by the conventional hydrothermal method and TiO2 nanoparticles were supported on them using different loading methods. The synthesized materials were characterized and their activity as photocatalysts for the decomposition of methylene blue was evaluated. The loading of titanium dioxide on the framework of SBA-15 makes the pore diameter and pore volume decrease compared to that of SBA-15. The chelating method causes the support to have a much better dispersion capacity for TiO2 particles as compared to the other two methods. The TiO2 supported by chelating method showed the highest photocatalytic activity among the photocatalysts prepared by different method.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange: influence of H2O2 in the TiO2-based system

The purpose of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of a reactive azo dye. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 was studied using a reactor equipped with UV-A sources, with maximum emission at 365 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 powder (99.9% anatase) and thin films has been measured through the decomposition of methyl orange solutions. The thin film was prepared by doctor blade and spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD). The TiO2 suspensions were prepared at 1 g/L concentration, and the initial methyl orange concentration was fixed at 7.8125 mg/L. The influence of the TiO2 (powder or thin films) and/or O2 and H2O2 on the photobleaching rate, was tested under different experiments, at pH = 5. Thin films (doctor blade) of TiO2 formed of mezo-sized aggregates formed of nanosized anatase crystallites show better photobleaching efficiency than thin film (SPD) due to their large internal surface. The rate is even higher in H2O2 compared to oxygen environment.     

Microwave assisted rapid and complete degradation of atrazine using TiO(2) nanotube photocatalyst suspensions

A technology, microwave-assisted photocatalysis on TiO(2) nanotubes, which can be applied to degrade atrazine rapidly and completely, was investigated. TiO(2) nanotubes were prepared, and confirmed by XRD, TEM and ESR. Microwave-assisted photocatalytic degradation of atrazine in aqueous solution was investigated. The result indicates that atrazine is completely degraded in 5min and the mineralization efficiency is 98.5% in 20min, which is obviously more efficient than that by the traditional photocatalytic degradation methods. It may be attributed to the intense UV radiation generated by electrodeless discharge lamps under microwave irradiation, the increased number of OH, additional defect sites on TiO(2) under the irradiation of microwave and larger specific surface area of TiO(2) nanotubes which could adsorb more organic substances to degrade than TiO(2) nanoparticles. Along with the degradation of atrazine, the concentrations of Cl(-) and NO(3)(-) increase gradually. In 20min [Cl(-)] and [NO(3)(-)] are 3, 27.8mg/L, respectively, which are close to their stoichiometric values. The major intermediates of atrazine were identified by HPLC/MS and possible degradation pathways of atrazine in microwave-assisted photocatalysis on TiO(2) nanotubes were proposed.     

Photocatalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate with TiO2 prepared by a hydrothermal method

TiO(2) was prepared by a hydrothermal method at a low temperature and used to degrade and mineralize dimethyl phthalate (DMP). TiO(2) was characterized by XRD, TEM, BET and UV-vis techniques. The characteristics of TiO(2) prepared by a hydrothermal method (h-t TiO(2)) included a good crystalline anatase phase, greater surface area, stronger absorption to UV light wavelength and lower agglomeration than TiO(2) prepared by a classic sol-gel method (s-g TiO(2)). The photocatalytic activity of h-t TiO(2) prepared under optimal hydrothermal condition (180°C for 10h) was 2.5 times higher than that of s-g TiO(2) in degrading DMP. The process of photocatalysis combined with UV irradiation and ozonation (TiO(2)/UV/O(3)) considerably improved the mineralization and degradation of DMP compared to photocatalysis combined with UV irradiation (TiO(2)/UV), ozonation combined with UV irradiation (UV/O(3)), and ozonation alone (O(3)). A kinetic study showed the mineralization in TiO(2)/UV/O(3) followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.     

添加磷酸根对纳米二氧化钛晶相的控制

以TiCl4为前驱体添加磷酸盐通过水热法制备了纳米TiO2。通过X射线衍射仪、差热分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、比表面仪(BET)和光化学反应器等手段对所制备的TiO2的颗粒晶型、失重、形貌、比表面和降解罗丹明B的能力进行了表征。结果表明,随着磷酸根的添加,TiCl4水解生成的TiO2的晶型由纯金红石型向锐钛矿型转换,且所合成的锐钛矿和金红石的混晶样品的光催化活性明显高于单独晶相的光催化活性。