填料-橡胶间的物理和化学作用Ⅱ.N330,SiO2,n-SiO2或n-SiO2/KH-846与NR

发现N330与NR,以及n-SiO2/KH-846与NR都是化学作用占优势,化学作用对增强的贡献率大于90%;无偶联剂时,SiO2(粒径15.8nm,比面积220m2/g)或n-SiO2(粒径15nm,比面积640m2/g)与NR相互间都只有物理作用,不仅无化学作用,由于屏蔽,都降低硫化体系与橡胶的化学交联密度,其物理作用和屏蔽作用都与比表面成正比,但是,物理键对增强有贡献。     

填料-橡胶间的物理和化学作用Ⅲ.Al2O3,nano-Al2O3及nano-Al2O3/NDZ-101与NR

研究了Al2O3与NR的相互作用,发现二者交互作用的物理交联密度与Al2O3的吸油值和比表面积呈正相关性,与粒径和pH值呈负相关性,与吸油值(结构性)的相关性最大。Al2O3对硫化体系与NR的相互作用有屏蔽效应,使化学交联密度下降,但是与其比表面积和吸油值呈负相关性,与粒径和pH值呈正相关性。微米Al2O3无(4μm)或略有(1μm)增强作用。纳米的(25nm)有较大的增强作用,且全部是物理交联作用的贡献。加入偶联剂后,纳米Al2O3与NR的化学交联率达77.5%,化学交联对拉伸强度的贡献率达89.8%。     

填料与橡胶的化学和物理作用及其对橡胶的补强ⅢAl2O3、n-Al2O3和n-Al2O3/NDZ-101与NR

研究了Al2O3与NR的相互作用。发现Al2O3与NR相互作用的物理交联密度与其吸油值和比表面积呈正相关性，与其粒径和pH值呈负相关性，与其吸油值的相关性最大。Al2O3对硫化体系与NR的化学相互作用有屏蔽效应，使化学交联密度下降。其屏蔽效应与其比表面积和吸油值呈负相关性，与其粒径和pH值呈正相关性。Al2O3的粒径为4μm时对NR无补强作用，粒径为1μm时稍有补强作用，粒径小于25nm时补强作用很大，全部是物理健的贡献，添加偶联剂，强度只增加8．9％，但是，化学相互作用的贡献达89．8％，化学交联占总交联密度的77．5％。     

橡胶材料学基础理论的新假说

橡胶硫化产生交联键和直链硫键。无机材料增强橡胶有一增强临界粒径(约100nm)和临界比表面原子数(约2％)。无机金属氧化物与橡胶间是物理作用,并屏蔽部分硫化交联反应,加入偶联剂后以化学作用为主。炭黑与NR间是以化学作用为主,而与SBR则以物理作用为主。硫化胶疲劳过程的力化学表观动力学反应级数为三级,有自愈合能力。硫化胶蠕变寿命与拉伸强度呈正和负的相关性。     

白炭黑与NR的相互作用研究

研究白炭黑与NR的相互作用.结果表明,白炭黑补强NR结合橡胶中白炭黑-NR化学作用占优势;随着白炭黑表面羟基含量的增大,胶料中结合橡胶总质量分数(wBt)和化学结合橡胶质量分数(wBc)呈单调增大趋势,物理结合橡胶质量分数(wBp)变化不大;与炭黑补强NR相比,白炭黑补强NR的wBt和wBc均较大,化学结合橡胶在二甲苯中全部离解的温度高100 ℃左右,化学键强度较高;白炭黑补强NR硫化胶中化学作用占优势,对强度的贡献占主要地位,并随着白炭黑表面羟基含量的增大先减小后增大,物理作用变化趋势则相反.     

碳酸钙与NR的相互作用研究

试验研究普通和纳米碳酸钙与NR的相互作用。结果表明，碳酸钙与NR之间无共价作用。且对硫化体系与NR的共价作用产生屏蔽效应；碳酸钙与NR之间产生的氢键作用和酸碱配位作用及碳酸钙对NR的补强作用均与碳酸钙的比表面积和吸油值呈正相关。     

填料—橡胶间的物理和化学作用：Ⅲ.Al2O3,nano—Al2O3及nano—Al2O3／NDZ—101及NR

研究了Al2O3与NR的相互作用，发现二者交互作用的物理交联密度与Al2O3的吸油值和比表面积呈正相关性，与粒径和pH值呈负相关性，与吸油值（结构性）的相关性最大。Al2O3对硫化体系与BR的相互作用的屏蔽效应，使化学交联密度下降，但是与其比表面积和吸油值呈负相关性，与粒径和pH值呈正相关性。微米Al2O3无（4μm）或略有（1μm）增强作用，纳米的（25nm）有较大的增强作用，且全部是物理交联作用的贡献。加入偶联剂后，纳米Al2O3与NR的化学交联率达77.5%，化学交联对拉伸强度的贡献率达89.8%。     

填料-橡胶的化学和物理作用及补强ⅡN330,SiO2,n-SiO2和n-SiO2/KH-846与NR

研究了填料－橡胶的相互作用。发现N330－NR间的相互作用。n－SiO2（粒径：15nm）／KH－846－NR间的相互作用，都是化学作用占优势（＞80％），化学作用对补强的贡献率都大于90％；无偶联剂KH－846时，n－SiO2和SiO2（粒径：15．8nm）与NR都无化学作用，只有物理交联，由于隔离作用，都降低硫化体系与橡胶相互作用的化学交联密度，但n-SiO2的物理交联密度是SiO2的2．6倍，对补强的贡献是SiO2的1．9倍，也是n-SiO2／KH－846体系的61％。     

离子液体与白炭黑的相互作用及其对天然橡胶性能的影响

采用离子液体氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑(AMI)改性白炭黑,用傅里叶变换红外光谱和固体核磁共振研究了AMI与白炭黑的相互作用,研究了离子液体用量对改性白炭黑填充天然橡胶(NR)的硫化特性、力学性能和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,AMI与白炭黑表面之间具有氢键作用,能够明显提高白炭黑在NR中的分散性。AMI能改变白炭黑填充胶料的硫化速率,AMI用量越多,NR胶料的硫化速率越大。随着AMI用量的增加,改性白炭黑填充NR硫化胶的拉伸性能和撕裂性能提高,当AMI用量为1.0份时,NR硫化胶的拉伸强度达到最大值23.95 MPa; 当AMI为2.0份时,NR硫化胶的撕裂强度达到最大值71.47 k N/m,与填充未改性白炭黑的NR硫化胶相比,分别提高了102.28%和41.83%。随着AMI用量的增加,NR硫化胶的玻璃化转变温度下降。     

炭黑与NR的相互作用研究

研究炭黑与NR的相互作用.结果表明,炭黑补强NR胶料中炭黑-NR的化学作用占优势,对橡胶补强起主导作用,且随炭黑粒径的减小,胶料中结合橡胶总量、化学键合部分和物理键合部分均增加;炭黑补强NR结合橡胶和硫化胶强度随炭黑粒径的变化曲线均接近双曲线,并在炭黑粒径为100 nm附近出现突变,表明当炭黑粒径达到100 nm左右时,炭黑-NR之间的化学和物理作用骤增,固体颗粒填料补强作用显著提高,存在一补强的临界粒径.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。