活性炭吸附法处理亚甲基蓝废水的研究

研究了活性炭对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附,通过实验得到了25℃及30℃活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝的吸附平衡数据,从吸附等温线可看出亚甲基蓝水溶液吸附符合Langmuir型。以及在等温吸附条件下,通过改变不同的参数,分别测定了亚甲基蓝废水吸附过程的穿透曲线。     

前沿分析法测定葡萄糖在制备色谱柱上的吸附等温线

吸附等温线对模拟移动床色谱操作参数的模拟和优化具有重要的指导意义。以前沿分析法测定65℃下葡萄糖在离子树脂色谱柱上的吸附等温线,实验结果表明该行为符合anti-langmuir吸附模型。用所求模型参数预测脉冲实验,模拟结果较好,验证了测定的模型参数准确可靠。     

改性分子筛吸附2,2-二甲基丁烷的运行参数研究

M-13X分子筛是13X分子筛经过改性后得到的,具有更好的吸附效果,基于静态吸附试验装置,通过单因素实验得到M-13X吸附2,2-二甲基丁烷时的最佳运行参数为70℃、60%填充率、0.2 MPa、吸附30 min;通过动态吸附,得到了M-13X分子筛的吸附穿透曲线和饱和吸附量;研究通过改变环境温度,得到了M-13X分子筛的吸附等温线。这些研究结果为吸附法处理有机废气的工艺设计提供了参考。     

氮气和氧气在碳分子筛上的吸附相平衡研究

用双柱定容容量法测定了氮气和氧气在碳分子筛上温度分别为25、30、35、40及45℃时的吸附等温线,平衡压力最高达到1 Mp,等温线用Langmuir方程拟合能得到良好的实验结果,并求出了氮气和氧气在这两种吸附剂上的吸附热。     

逆向法测定酮洛芬对映体在Chiralpak AD柱上的吸附等温线

模拟移动床（SMB）色谱分离与纯化的操作过程复杂,对其进行设计与优化需要使用数值模拟方法,准确测定竞争型吸附等温线具有重要意义。采用逆向法确定了25℃下酮洛芬对映体在直链淀粉手性固定相（Chiralpak AD）上的竞争吸附等温线,先用高效液相色谱测得酮洛芬对映体在Chiralpak AD 柱上的过载流出曲线,再通过拟合实验测得的流出曲线确定吸附等温线模型及其参数。研究中采用平衡扩散模型描述酮洛芬对映体在色谱柱上流出的瞬态过程。参数拟合过程中,首先用非支配基因算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）在较广的参数空间内搜索吸附等温线模型参数,再以所得结果作为初值,使用Levenberg-Marquardt 算法（LMA）对参数进一步优化。比较了4种不同竞争吸附等温线模型对实验测得的流出曲线的拟合结果,其中五参数的Bi-Langmuir 模型拟合程度最好。测量了不同进料浓度和进料量条件下的流出曲线,并通过与模型预测结果的对照验证了所确定吸附等温线模型和参数。     

壳聚糖吸附重金属离子Cu（Ⅱ）机理研究

本文研究了２５℃,ＰＨ值６．４和４．６时,壳聚糖吸附Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的等温线,表明较低浓度时,吸附等温线与朗格缪尔吸附等温线相似,为单分子层吸附,实验发现壳聚糖吸附过程中发生Ｈ与Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）竞争反应,溶液偏中性有利于吸附,偏酸性有利于脱附。     

重量法测定对二甲苯在Silicalite-1上的吸附

采用重量法研究了温度为423 K、373 K、343 K和323 K时对二甲苯在Silicalite-1分子筛上的吸附和脱附行为。结果表明, 温度为323 K和343 K时吸附等温线出现了两个吸附平台。根据吸附等温线计算了热力学参数（吸附等容热、吉布斯自由能变、熵变和吸附相熵）。随着吸附量的增大,吸附等容热增大,吸附的吉布斯自由能变稍有下降,吸附熵变逐渐增大,吸附相的熵逐渐减小,分子间的相互作用逐渐增强。对吸附和脱附动力学进行了研究,发现在吸附量大约为4 m·(u.c.)^－1时,扩散系数出现了峰值。     

轻石脑油中C_6烷烃在5A分子筛上的吸附/脱附等温线研究

测定了轻石脑油中正、异构C6烷烃在5A-1分子筛上的低温(25～80℃)及高温(150～300℃)吸附/脱附等温线,分析了吸附温度、吸附压力、脱附压力对5A-1分子筛吸附/脱附性能的影响。结果表明:正己烷在5A-1分子筛上低温(25～80℃)及高温(150～300℃)下的吸附等温线均为I型吸附等温线,且随着吸附温度的升高,等温线优惠程度逐渐降低。吸附温度25℃、平衡压力7.5kPa时,异构C6烷烃在5A-1分子筛上的吸附量较小,对正己烷平衡吸附量影响不大。对于轻石脑油中的C_6烷烃来说,较适宜的吸附温度优选200～250℃,在该温度范围内,正己烷平衡吸附量为5.68～9.03g/(100g);脱附压力为1.4 kPa时,正己烷脱附量为0.69～2.35g/(100g),能够满足变压吸附的操作要求。     

沙质滩涂颗粒物对磷酸盐的吸附过程研究

以沙质滩涂颗粒物对磷酸盐的吸附过程为对象,通过拟一级和拟二级方程进行吸附动力学研究,采用Langmuir和Freundlich方程描述平衡吸附等温线,并计算得到吸附热力学参数。结果表明:拟二级动力学模型能够较好拟合吸附过程,Langmuir模型能更好的描述吸附等温线,吸附是焓推动作用、自发且放热的过程。     

CO_2和CO在分子筛与活性炭上的吸附平衡

本文分别用静态称重法测定了CO_2和CO在5A,13X,NaY分子筛与活性炭上的吸附等温线,用流动法测定了CO_2-N_2体系中CO_2在13X分子筛与活性炭上25℃时的吸附等温线以及透过曲线（break-through curve）。吸附等温线分别用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程回归。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。