All-Carbon [60]Fullerene Oligomers of Pearl-Necklace Type

The formation of all-carbon [60]fullerene derivatives was observed in the course of the thermolysis of methano-fullerene derivatives. IR, UV-Vis, GPC, ¹³C-NMR, TG-MS, TOF-MS and STM data are consistent with the formation of all-carbon [60]fullerene oligomers without a direct connection between fullerene cages but through one or two carbon atoms as bridges. Molecular masses up to 8000 amu have been detected by mass spectroscopy.     

Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight [60]Fullerene Pearl-Necklace Polyamides Derived from Equatorial [60]fullerenobisacetic Acid

Abstract

A series of [60]fullerene pearl-necklace polyamides, consisting of equatorial-[60]fullerenobisacetic acid and various chromophoric aromatic diamines, were synthesized by a phosphorylation route using large amounts of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing reagents with stepwise addition of the condensing reagents. In the present polymers, [60]fullerene pearls and diamine linkers were attached to one another by cyclopropane connectors. The polyamides had weight-average molecular weights (M_w)of 4.5-5.0×10⁴ g/mol and inherent viscosities (n _inh) of 0.3-0.4 dL/g in N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at 30 °C. They had glass transition temperatures at 30-125 °C and decomposition temperatures at 300-310 °C. The UV-VIS spectra in DMAc exhibited broad absorption with λ_max at 310-390 nm tailing to longer wavelengths.     

Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight [60]Fullerene Pearl-Necklace Polyamides Derived from Equatorial [60]fullerenobisacetic Acid

A series of [60]fullerene pearl-necklace polyamides, consisting of equatorial-[60]fullerenobisacetic acid and various chromophoric aromatic diamines, were synthesized by a phosphorylation route using large amounts of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing reagents with stepwise addition of the condensing reagents. In the present polymers, [60]fullerene pearls and diamine linkers were attached to one another by cyclopropane connectors. The polyamides had weight-average molecular weights (M_w)of 4.5-5.0×10⁴ g/mol and inherent viscosities (n_inh) of 0.3-0.4 dL/g in N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at 30 °C. They had glass transition temperatures at 30-125 °C and decomposition temperatures at 300-310 °C. The UV-VIS spectra in DMAc exhibited broad absorption with λ_max at 310-390 nm tailing to longer wavelengths.     

Synthesis of Heterocycle-Containing [60]Fullerene Derivatives

Abstract

Fullerene functionalization with heterocycles is reviewed, focusing attention on cycloaddition methodology and oxidative heterocyclization. ^{1 1}This paper was presented before the Symposium 3 on ‘Expanded Horizons of Fullerene Science and Technology’ organized by L. Y. Chiang, E.Osawa, H. Terrones and M. Saunders at the 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials (ICAM-IV), Aug. 27 to Sept. 1, 1995, Cancun, Mexico.

     

Synthesis of Heterocycle-Containing [60]Fullerene Derivatives

Fullerene functionalization with heterocycles is reviewed, focusing attention on cycloaddition methodology and oxidative heterocyclization.¹     

[60]Fullerene as a Novel Photoinduced Antibiotic

Abstract

The antibacterial activity of [60]fullerene (C₆₀), dissolved with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K30 (PVP), was studied. Under photo‐irradiation, C₆₀/PVP aqueous solutions showed antibacterial activity, whereas PVP solution alone or fullerene solutions in the absence of light showed no activity. These results reveal that C₆₀ is a potentially good device as a photoinduced antibacterial agent.     

[60]Fullerene Amino Acids and Related Derivatives

This paper is a review of the literature concerning the preparation of [60]fullerene amino acid and peptide derivatives. The structure and applications of these derivatives to the biological and Material sciences is also presented.     

[60]Fullerene as a Novel Photoinduced Antibiotic

The antibacterial activity of [60]fullerene (C₆₀), dissolved with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K30 (PVP), was studied. Under photo-irradiation, C₆₀/PVP aqueous solutions showed antibacterial activity, whereas PVP solution alone or fullerene solutions in the absence of light showed no activity. These results reveal that C₆₀ is a potentially good device as a photoinduced antibacterial agent.     

[60]Fullerene Amino Acids and Related Derivatives

Abstract

This paper is a review of the literature concerning the preparation of [60]fullerene amino acid and peptide derivatives. The structure and applications of these derivatives to the biological and Material sciences is also presented.     

Nanoencapsulation of [60]Fullerene with the Cavitand Cucurbit[7]uril

Novel supramolecular nanocapsules consisting of [60]fullerene and the macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril via self-assembly are reported. The nanocapsules, which were synthesized in a two-phase reaction at room temperature, were obtained in good yields. The stoichiometry of the product was found to be 1:2.     

Kinetic Behavior of Addition Reactions to [60]Fullerene

The addition reactions of [60]fullerene to benzyl amine and anthracene were studied by using spectrophotometry. The kinetic measurements show minima if the absorbance at a wavelength of 595 nm is plotted versus time. The minima obtained from the spectrophotometric kinetic measurements can be attributed to the formation of intermediates of C₆₀ due to the single-electron transfer mechanism for the amine addition and electron deloalization processes for the concerted [2 + 4]cyclo-addition.     

Bromination of [60]Fullerene. II. Crystal and Molecular Structure of [60]Fullerene Bromides, C60Br6, C60Br8, and C60Br24

The crystal and molecular structures of the bromofullerene solvates C₆₀Br₆·0.5C₆H₅Cl·0.5Br₂, C₆₀Br₈·1.5(o-C₆H₄Cl₂), C₆₀Br₈·Br₂, C₆₀Br₈·0.5C₆H₅Br·0.5Br₂, and C₆₀Br₂₄·2Br₂ have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecular species C₆₀Br₆, C₆₀Br₈, and C₆₀Br₂₄ which have idealized C_s, C_2v , and T_h symmetries, respectively, have several different types of C-Br and C-C bonds. A comparison between different solvates of the same bromofullerenes revealed a larger stability of the packing modes for the C₆₀Br₆ and C₆₀Br₂₄ solvates, whereas the C₆₀Br₈ solvates showed different packing motifs dependent on the nature and amount of the solvent molecules.     

Bromination of [60]Fullerene. II. Crystal and Molecular Structure of [60]Fullerene Bromides,C60Br6, C60Br8, and C60Br24

Abstract

The crystal and molecular structures of the bromofullerene solvates C₆₀Br₆·0.5C₆H₅Cl·0.5Br₂, C₆₀Br₈·1.5(o‐C₆H₄Cl₂), C₆₀Br₈·Br₂, C₆₀Br₈·0.5C₆H₅Br·0.5Br₂, and C₆₀Br₂₄·2Br₂ have been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The molecular species C₆₀Br₆, C₆₀Br₈, and C₆₀Br₂₄ which have idealized C _s , C _2v  , and T _h symmetries, respectively, have several different types of C?Br and C?C bonds. A comparison between different solvates of the same bromofullerenes revealed a larger stability of the packing modes for the C₆₀Br₆ and C₆₀Br₂₄ solvates, whereas the C₆₀Br₈ solvates showed different packing motifs dependent on the nature and amount of the solvent molecules.     

Photochemical Reaction of Furans in the Presence of [60] Fullerene

The first evidence was presented which supports a photochemical pathway during the reaction of furan derivatives in the presence of C₆₀, which was formerly believed to proceed via a thermal [2+4]-concerted cycloaddition reaction of furans with C₆₀. LD-TOF-MS, UV-vis, FT-IR and ¹H-, ¹³C-NMR spectra showed that     

[60]富勒烯环加成反应研究进展

综述了[60]富勒烯[2 1]环加成反应、[2 2]环加成反应、[2 3]环加成反应以及[4 2]环加成反应的典型反应、反应试剂以及反应机理,并展望了富勒烯的研究前景和发展方向.     

Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Terbium(IV) Fluoride

Abstract

A reaction between [60]fullerene and terbium(IV) fluoride is shown to be a new example of the thermally induced disruption of the fullerene skeleton. “Hyperfluorination” occurs at the elevated temperature (350° C) thereby producing species C₆₀ Fx (x > 60). The fluorination products were characterized by mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy methods.     

Supramolecular Complexes between Fullerene [60]- and [70], and resorcinarene

New complexes 2 and 3 between [60]- and [70] fullerenes with resorcinarene 1 were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Resorcinarene 1 was studied in solution by NMR and in the solid state by CP-MAS NMR and X-ray diffraction. The macrocycle 1 can guest one [60]- or [70] fullerene molecule in its structure. For the complexes 2 and 3, π-π, CH-π and n-π interactions were observed by ¹³C CP-MAS and FTIR analysis data.     

Supramolecular Complexes between Fullerene [60]- and [70], and resorcinarene

Abstract

New complexes 2 and 3 between [60]- and [70] fullerenes with resorcinarene 1 were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Resorcinarene 1 was studied in solution by NMR and in the solid state by CP-MAS NMR and X-ray diffraction. The macrocycle 1 can guest one [60]- or [70] fullerene molecule in its structure. For the complexes 2 and 3, π-π, CH-π and n-π interactions were observed by ¹³C CP-MAS and FTIR analysis data.     

Radical Bulk Polymerization of Styrene in the Presence of Fullerene[60]

Abstract

The polymerization of styrene in the presence of fullerene[60] using AIBN as the initiator as well as under thermal polymerization conditions was investigated. The results indicate that the polymer yields decrease with an increase of the amount of fullerene present during the initiated and thermal polymerization. Thus, an inhibitory effect of fullerene[60] on the radical polymerization of styrene can be concluded. In addition, a mechanism for the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in the presence of C₆₀ is proposed.     

Radical Bulk Polymerization of Styrene in the Presence of Fullerene[60]

The polymerization of styrene in the presence of fullerene[60] using AIBN as the initiator as well as under thermal polymerization conditions was investigated. The results indicate that the polymer yields decrease with an increase of the amount of fullerene present during the initiated and thermal polymerization. Thus, an inhibitory effect of fullerene[60] on the radical polymerization of styrene can be concluded. In addition, a mechanism for the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in the presence of C₆₀ is proposed.