Evolution of Spatial Pattern of China's Urbanization and Its Impacts on Regional Development

Along with the remarkable economic growth,China has been experiencing a rapid urbanization in the past 60 years.However,the development of urbanization was not coordinated with regional development and the distributions of population and economy were discrete.With the method of centroid analysis,this paper demonstrates the spatial pattern of China’s urbanization and its evolution thereof from 1952 to 2005.Two indices are set up to represent the coupling states of three centroids,by which the impacts of urbanization on regional development are analyzed.In the end,from the angle of spatial pattern,this paper summarizes the characteristics of China’s urbanization,its evolution and its interaction with economic development,and then gives several suggestions on the population policy for the balanced regional development in the country.     

Why High-Speed Railway Stations Continue China’s Leapfrog Urbanization:Institutional Parameters of Urban Development

An ambitious program of High-Speed Railway (HSR) is under construction in China and already soon the network will overtake its counterparts in Europe. Reflecting on experiences in Europe, the authors explore the conditions for place making qualities of six new HSR station areas in China. The superb inter-city connectivity of the new infrastructure nodes raises a lot of expectations about the economic and social potential of the station areas, but the experiences in Europe thus far are very differentiated. With regards to the attraction of economic activities usually the existing differences between different economic regions are reproduced rather than shaping completely new conditions. Also the expectations of developing completely new integrated urban centers around stations in the urban periphery are rather ambitious. The paper questions the planning responses to HSR development in Chinese cities and investigates the institutional conditions that frame these responses. The authors explore how the plans for Chinese HSR station development account for their objectives and reflect on the potential of the station area planning by investigating the institutional parameters of urban development.     

Study on Urbanization Development Strategy along Wuhan to Xianning Intercity Rail

As the development of＂two-oriented society＂ in Wuhan urban agglomeration, the intercity railway will be an important way of driving the development of urbanization in Wuhan urban agglomeration. Intercity railway shortens the time in traffic between surrounding cities of Wuhan and it brings a lot of people, materials and information. It has also brought opportunities and challenges to the areas along intercity railway. The question is how to seize the development opportunities and coordinate the contradiction between development and environmental protection, and taking a new type urbanization. The paper, studying on the areas along Wuhan to Xianning intercity railway, made a summary of the objective law of urbanization and the influence to the along areas by the intercity railway, meanwhile, had experienced from the developed areas which along the intercity railway both in China and abroad. Then the paper proposed the urbanization development strategy from the aspect of land use, industry, population and transportation on the basis of analysis to be economic base and development conditions of the areas.     

Editor's Note

正In the past forty years after the reform and opening-up, China's rapid urbanization mainly demonstrated a traditional development mode that is characterized by a continuous urban expansion in terms of both demographic growth and spatial development. It is also called as the urbanization of land because of the remarkable representation in physical environment by the construction of hundreds and thousands of new cities, new towns, new urban areas, and new     

Designation and Development of Central Towns: A Case Study of Shiyan

In China, central towns are an important pitch point in the urban system of a city or county. The cultivation and development of central towns is significant in completing the urban system structure and improving the overall quality of urban-rural development of a city or county. In the Municipality of Shiyan, a mountainous region in Hubei Province, the designation of central towns should not be mechanically accomplished through applying the methodology used in plain areas, but with particular focus on the location and transportation of the towns. Based on the analysis of comprehensive development potential, 14 central towns are finally designated in Shiyan in view of their favorable location and the requirement of coordinated regional development. Development strategies are also proposed for them which include the improvement of urban functions, the differentiation of development modes, the growth of industrial clusters, the development of environmental-friendly industries, the standard configuration of public service facilities, and the institutional reform and innovation which would ensure the realization of the central towns’ function of agglomeration and radiation.     

Sustainable Intervention Plans for Igbo Cultural Region of Nigeria

The Igbos are one of the major tribes of Nigeria. Over the years, their distinct way of living have further accentuated their culture. The paper discusses the Igbo cultural landscape region which comprises of rural autonomous communities made up of clusters of kindred and villages. In spite of the existence of the townships serving as trade, political and administrative centers for more than one century, the rate of urbanization has been very slow thereby affecting the development of the communities physically, economically and socially at astonishing rates consuming farmlands and traditional community boundaries. This paper is aimed at creating awareness on the unique regional growth pattern in Igbo land heavily dependent on cultural and natural heritages for purpose of determining adaptable regional planning strategies for such vibrant cultural region. It has examined the key issues and suggested a way forward to a more sustainable development of the region.     

Strategic Planning Approaches for Creating Resilient Cities: A Case Study on Hangzhou City

In the twenty-first century, the population in China will be increasingly urbanized – focusing the sustainability challenge on cities and raising new challenges to address the urban resilience capacity. During the past two decades, China's urban policies are state institution-directed, growth-oriented, and land-based, imposing unprecedented challenges on sustainability. Strengthening the capacity of cities to manage resilience appears to be a key factor for cities to effectively pursue sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to explore strategic planning approaches for creating resilient cities in China through a study on Hangzhou City in an integrated framework. Firstly, the paper gives a systematic insight into the structure of Hangzhou City. Secondly, the development trajectory of the urban system is analyzed to understand how the past has shaped the present and to get a broader perspective on its evolution. Thirdly, scenario planning is conducted to explore the adaptive capacity of Hangzhou City under different future conditions. At last, having analyzed the past, present, and future of the urban system, the paper discusses the strategies for resilient planning, which helps to identify factors and trends that might enhance or inhabit the adaptability.     

城市集水区管理和污染控制

The evolution of human civilization and urbanization has been centered around catchment (watershed, river basins) areas. As evident from the archaeological ruins of the earlier civilizations, the decision makers and planners recognized the importance of catchment areas as the physical planning units for urban development.However, in the post-industrial era, the practice of catchment management has often been ignored. With the increasing industrialization and transport network, the pace of urbanization has gained momentum. The cities,which were earlier created for specific functions and carrying capacities, are increasingly expected to meet the demands of multiple economic activities and growing population. The run-away growth in urbanization without commensurate backup infrastructure for civic amenities has taken its toll through increasing pollution.Pollution and associated problems are, to a great extent, attributable to lack of environmental considerations in planning and management of urban systems. The urban centres are confronted with various kinds of pollution,the nature and extent of which depend on the sources of pollution as well as physiographic conditions such as watershed and airshed. The present proper focuses on water pollution, which has a direct bearing on the urban catchment management. This article gives an introduction to urban catchment management and pollution control.     

Study on Implementation of Urban-Rural Land Linking Policy from Perspective of Urbanization

China launched the policy of linking the increase in urban development land with the decrease in rural development land① in 2003. The paper focuses on two typical paths for implementation of the policy, i.e., exchanging homestead for urban housing, and "double exchanges." Based on a study on urbanization development, the paper analyzes the institutional innovation in the case of exchanging homestead for house in Huaming Town, as well as the jeopardization of "double exchanges," before summarizing the applicability of the "urban-rural land linking" policy. At the end, the paper emphasizes that in order to address the problems emerging during various kinds of urbanization, the linking policy should be carried out in accordance with local conditions and circumstances.     

Taipei:A Creative City Based on Innovation and Traditional Culture

Taipei is a city full of oriental traditional culture.Different from other Chinese cities,Taipei has a very specific urban fabric and development context that provides excellent conditions for the development of cultural and creative industries(CCIs).Since 2011,Taipei City Government has set up 11 creative quarters that have demonstrated the unique features and lifestyles of Creative Taipei.In this paper,the authors introduce Creative Taipei in 4 parts:examining the CCIs conditions of Taipei,identifying strengths of Taipei’s CCIs,understanding governance strategies and policies,and analyzing creative city governance through case studies.Looking into the future of Creative Taipei,this paper concludes that the clear leading policies,the attractive investment environment for private investors,and the cross-boundary integration are three dimensions to further strengthen the power of CCIs in Taipei.     

制度创新:苏南城镇化的“第三次突围”

在回顾苏南模式变迁和城镇化历史阶段的基础上,提出苏南城镇化进入"第三次突围"的发展新阶段,即制度引领的城镇化阶段。改革开放30年的发展,苏南的小城镇发展实现了质的提升,一些小城镇正在向中、小城市转变,城乡关系也发生了根本变化。在新的发展阶段,苏南城镇在行政管理体制、财政体制和城市化相关政策和制度等诸多方面已经不适应苏南城镇经济和社会发展,这些制度瓶颈亟待"突围"。最后,论文结合地方制度创新的探索,提出一些完善和改进制度和政策的建议。     

小城镇“城中村”规划相关问题的探索

“城中村”是我国城市化进程中的一个特有现象,小城镇“城中村”又有其特性。本文以小城镇为对象,重点探讨了小城镇“城中村”的涵义和类型,存在的主要问题,和小城镇“城中村”的规划建设及相关政策问题的研究。     

小城镇总体规划“规模—布局—时间”模式研究

对中国来说,实施“小城镇建设工程”,是真正提高我国城市化水平和社会经济发展的一股“内生”力量,然而传统的小城镇总体规划“规模—布局—时间”线性模式,过分强调时间概念,严重束缚了小城镇的发展。作者分析了传统规划模式特点及其弊端的基础上,探讨了一种“规模—布局—时间”网状模式,在模式中,引入了经济区域、不定性、弹性绿地等概念,以期对于新世纪我国小城镇的规划、发展及提高,起到一定的推动作用。     

浅议江汉平原小城镇建设问题与发展路径——以湖北省天门市岳口镇为例

小城镇是落实国家新型城镇化发展战略的重要环节,江汉平原是湖北省新型城镇化的主要阵地之一,研究江汉平原小城镇建设具有典型意义。本文以定性分析为主,结合对天门市岳口镇的相关研究,对江汉平原小城镇存在的共性问题进行总结和分析,同时结合具体条件针对性地提出相关的发展路径。     

引导城市良性发展的有益探索——谈广东省《环城绿带规划指引》的编制

城市无序蔓延、功能结构混乱、生态环境恶化、特色丧失等成为城市化进程中的负面产物，成为城乡可持续发展的瓶颈。广东省编制完成的《环城绿带规划指引》借鉴国内外城市的先进做法，结合地方性，注重政策性指导与技术性指导、刚性控制与柔性指导的结合，从政策、方法上为广东省城乡可持续发展提供了保障。     

新时期的“小城镇、大战略”——试论人口高输出地区的小城镇发展机制

在全面认识我国城镇化发展趋势的基础上指出,要使超过2亿农民工平稳完成城镇化转型的进程,除了要关注人口导入地的城市群资源集聚效应以外,还必须重视人口输出地的农村经济中心——即小城镇在城镇化进程中的作用文献分析和案例研究表明,小城镇发展的动力机制不仅仅在于工业化,更重要的是农村人口对城镇服务的内在需求,包括住房、教育和人居环境等多年来小城镇发展滞后于城市,其背后有着一系列的社会、经济和制度等原因为此提出,新时期小城镇发展仍然是城镇化进程中的一项"大战略",但是发展思路需转变总之,人口高输出地区的小城镇是我国未来健康城镇化发展的重要组成部分,关系着我国健康城镇化是否能够顺利推进和实现也可以说,新时期的"小城镇、大战略"要有新的内涵。     

试析我国城市化进程中新城建设

在我国进入城市化快速发展中,新城的建设成为重要的一环。通过我国城市化和新城建设的关系的介绍,分析今天我国新城建设存在的问题,提出借鉴国外新城建设的经验,解决我国的新城建设进程中所遇到的问题,推动我国的新城建设进程。     

小城镇发展存在的障碍及制度创新的要点

中国农村工业化的进程已经有 2 0多年的历史 ,伴随农村工业化 ,小城镇建设取得了一定的成绩。然而 ,在乡村内部 ,人口的职业转移和地域转移却并不同步 ,地域转移远远滞后于职业转移 ,小城镇人口占乡村人口比例更远远落后于以产值计算的非农化 ,小城镇发展存在很大的不足。通过对小城镇发展存在的深层障碍的深入探讨和分析 ,给出了制度创新要把握的几个要点 :创造就业机会是制度创新的基本着眼点 ;户籍改革必须与其它改革配套 ,尤其是和土地流转制度和社会福利制度改革配套 ;土地使用和流转制度改革必须充分保护农民利益 ;彻底改革乡村财政体制 ,变城乡二元财政体制为一元体制     

中国推进新型城镇化战略的思考

随着中国进入快速城镇化时期,传统城镇化道路逐渐显露出一系列的弊端。在国际形势与国内发展的推动下,城镇化转型发展成为必然,新型城镇化的概念也应运而生,并日益成为新时期关注的焦点和热点。推进新型城镇化应以新型工业化为基础,加快经济发展,提供城镇化发展新动力;以人为本,促进社会融合,建设包容性城市,推进基本公共服务均等化;推进生态文明,建设美丽中国,实现可持续发展的城镇化;推进体制创新,关注小城镇发展,提升小城镇发展活力。     

基于GIS的空间相互作用模型在城镇发展研究中的应用

在当前中国城市化进程中,合理发展小城镇可以集约利用土地,减少环境影响。在小城镇密集地区,选择发展重点是基本对策。空间相互作用模型是分析、评价城镇发展潜力、发展重点的良好工具。本文介绍了空间相互作用模型的一般原理,讨论了在缺乏地理信息系统(GIS)条件下,该类模型在应用上的局限性。作者采用了基于GIS的空间相互作用模型对上海市松江区的城镇发展潜力进行了分析,对当地的城镇发展政策进行了评价。本研究认为,该模型也可以用于其他地区城镇发展政策的分析和评价。