ZnO多孔纳米固体厚膜气敏传感器的制备和性质表征

以ZnO纳米粉(平均粒径30nm)为原料,利用水热热压方法制备了多孔的ZnO体块纳米固体,测试了以多孔纳米固体为原料制成的厚膜气敏传感器对挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)乙醇、丙酮、苯、甲苯和二甲苯蒸气的气敏特性,并与用ZnO纳米粉制备的厚膜传感器进行了比较.结果发现,与ZnO纳米粉相比,用ZnO多孔纳米固体制备的厚膜传感器在空气中的电阻大大减小,最佳敏感温度降低、响应时间和恢复时间大大缩短.通过综合分析ZnO纳米粉和ZnO多孔纳米固体的XRD、TEM及厚膜传感器的SEM测试结果研究了厚膜传感器气敏特性的差异.     

In2O3纳米棒的制备与表征

以非离子表面活性剂作为形貌控制剂，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备In2O3纳米棒前驱物，经500℃煅烧1h，成功制备了长约120nm，直径20nm的In2O3纳米棒。根据综合热分析（TG—DSC）结果，前驱体是In（OH）3部分脱水的In2O（OH）4干凝胶；计算表面活性剂分子的几何排列参数P在1／3～1／2之间，确定体系形成的是棒状胶团，并对其影响因素和机理进行了讨论。     

纳米多孔二氧化硅薄膜的制备与表征

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用酸/碱两步溶胶 凝胶法、结合匀胶和超临界干燥等工艺在硅片上成功制备了纳米多孔二氧化硅薄膜。适合匀胶的二氧化硅溶胶的粘度范围为 9~15mPa·s;多孔二氧化硅薄膜表面均匀平整,其厚度为400~1000nm;折射率为1.09~1.24;介电常数为1.5~2.5。该多孔二氧化硅薄膜具有三维网络结构,二氧化硅微粒直径为10~20nm。     

纳米In_2O_3的制备与结构表征

介绍了以同纯精铟为原料,采用化学沉淀法在一定的实验条件下制备纳米级In2O3粉体的实验过程,通过XRD、TEM、BET及化学分析等多种检测及分析手段对所制得的粉体的性能进行了初步表征,结果表明:采用化学沉淀法制备的In2O3为高纯单相类球形的黄色粉末,其平均粒径小于30nm。     

纯水体系SiO2纳米多孔材料的低成本制备与表征

以低成本工业级硅溶胶为硅源, 水为溶剂, 在常压条件下干燥后制备出纳米多孔SiO₂块体材料。在制备过程中, 采用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)来降低水的表面张力, 减少样品在干燥过程中开裂和收缩, 避免了繁琐的溶剂替换过程。所制备的SiO₂块体密度为150~260 mg/cm³, 比表面积为91~140 m²/g, 平均孔径为15~27 nm, 其室温热导率可达0.048 W/(m·K)。该方法大大缩减了制备SiO₂纳米多孔材料的成本, 并降低了操作工艺难度和危险, 将在很大程度上推动硅纳米孔材料的工业化生产与应用。     

敏化TiO2纳米晶多孔膜电极的制备与表征

研究了染料敏化TiO2纳米晶多孔薄膜电极的制备、表征及其光电转换性质，采用溶胶－凝胶法液压涂层制备了TiO2纳米晶多孔薄膜，在无水乙醇中利用薄膜吸附染料2，2′－联吡啶－4，4′－二甲酸合硫氰酸钌进行敏化处理，并利用XPS、AFM、XRD、SEM杉可见－紫外分光光度仪对敏化TiO2纳米晶多孔薄膜进行了表征分析。研究结果表明：薄膜中纳米粒子晶型主要为锐钛矿，粒径在20-30nm，多孔薄膜的孔径在50－200nm；染料敏化多孔薄膜表面吸附了一个单分子层的染料分子，敏化薄膜对可见光有很强的吸收作用，用此薄膜制作的太阳能电池具有较高的光电转化效率，电池效率达到2％，这种薄膜电极改进后可用于制作敏化太阳能电池的光阳极。     

复合磷酸盐多孔生物陶瓷的制备及体外细胞相容性

以Al₂O₃-MgO-P₂O₅磷酸盐为粘结剂, 采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备了多孔陶瓷, 采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、排水法和压缩实验等表征了多孔陶瓷的孔隙形貌、相组成、孔隙率和力学性能, 并通过体外细胞实验研究了其细胞相容性. 结果表明, Al₂O₃-MgO-P₂O₅磷酸盐的加入不仅可以使浆料能够均匀地涂覆在泡沫体上, 也促进了陶瓷的烧结. 得到的多孔陶瓷具有相互连通、分布均匀的孔隙结构(大孔孔径在100~500μm, 还有约为3μm微孔), 平均孔隙率为85.9%±1.6%, 平均压缩强度为(1.04±0.15)MPa; 多孔陶瓷虽然是一种由HA、β-Ca₂P₂O₇和少量含Mg、Al的物相组成的复合磷酸盐陶瓷, 但在体外实验中没有表现出明显的细胞毒性, 并能促进细胞快速增殖与分化, 表明该多孔陶瓷具有良好的细胞亲和性和相容性.     

纳米Cr2O3粉体的制备及表征

以Cr（NCh）3·9H20;氨水和乙醇为原料,采用沉淀法在不同温度下合成了纳米Cr2（h粉体,并运用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射、熟重一动态差热分析、红外光谱等手段对粉体进行表征。结果表明,Cr（OH）s雀450＂C已经生成Cr2O3,经过800℃烧30min．可获得平均粒径为70-100nm的Cr2O3粉体。     

热稳定锐钛矿型多孔纳米二氧化钛的制备

以十二烷基胺盐酸盐为模板剂合成了多孔纳米TiO2粉体.研究了不同的pH值对TiO2纳米粉体的产率及粒子形貌的影响.结果表明获得的锐钛矿产品具有较高的热稳定性.由TEM、液氮吸附分析结果可以看出,样品为多孔结构,300℃煅烧之后,比表面积仍高达376m2/g.     

纳米多孔氧化硅薄膜的制备和表征

以正硅酸乙酯、异丙醇、去离子水为原料,盐酸、氨水为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶、旋转涂胶、老化及超临界流体干燥工艺制备纳米多孔氧化硅薄膜.研究了溶胶-凝胶工艺的影响因素,考察了溶胶粘度和匀胶转速对成膜性能的影响,采用扫描电镜表征了薄膜的表面形貌和截面结构,用椭偏仪表征了薄膜的孔隙率、介电常数以及厚度等性能参数,分析了薄膜的结构和红外特性.     

Preparation and characterization of TiO2 bulk porous nanosolids

A novel TiO₂ bulk porous nanosolid (also called a “TiO₂ nanosponge”) was prepared by a solvothermal hot-press (SHP) technique, using TiO₂ nanoparticles (average particle size of 15 nm) and various solvents as the starting materials. The pore diameters of the nanosolids were rather uniform, and the maximum value of pore volume and specific surface area were 0.249 cm³/g and 59.455 m²/g, respectively. The pore volume and diameter of TiO₂ bulk porous nanosolid could be controlled by changing either the type or the amount of the solvent used in the experiment. No residual solvents could be detected by FTIR analysis, which means that the solvents had entirely escaped from the samples during the process of preparing TiO₂ bulk porous nanosolids.     

Preparation and characterization of ZrO2 porous nanosolid and its composite fluorescent materials

ZrO₂ porous nanosolid has been successfully prepared by a novel hydrothermal hot-press (HHP) method, using ZrO₂ nanoparticles as the starting material. Furthermore, a kind of O, O-donating chelating regent, morin was assembled into the pores of ZrO₂ porous nanosolids, and a morin/ZrO₂ porous nanocomposite was obtained. Because of the interaction between morin molecules and the surface of ZrO₂ porous nanosolid, a blue-shift of the photoluminescence (PL) peak was observed in ZrO₂/morin nanocomposite by comparing with that of morin.     

二氧化锆气凝胶制备和表征

以无机盐 硝酸氧锆为原料,采用醇 水加热 超临界干燥法制备了二氧化锆气凝胶。采用XRD、TEM和BET等手段对样品进行测试表征。研究结果表明:本方法可以制备具有高比表面、小粒径的二氧化锆气凝胶。气凝胶原粉的比表面最大,可达675.6m2/g。其晶相结构也不同于采用一般方法制备的ZrO2粉体。在焙烧温度低于700℃时,随着焙烧温度的升高,四方相的含量逐渐增大,到700℃时达到最大86%;经1000℃焙烧后尽管粒径>30nm,仍有约30%的ZrO2以四方相的形式存在。探讨了醇水加热法制备ZrO2气凝胶的成胶机理。     

Ni/ZrO2梯度镀层的制备和性能

采用Watt型镀镍溶液，恒电流电沉积方法制备Ni／ZrO2梯度镀层．扫描电镜(SEM)测试和X-射线衍射分析表明，沿镀层的生长方向，ZrO2的含量由0逐渐增加到21％(体积分数，下同)，呈梯度分布；Ni和ZrO2各自在特定的角度分别出现其衍射特征峰，互不干扰，镀层中ZrO2的含量增高，衍射强度变强．断口分析表明，在梯度镀层的内部，材料的塑性变形能力大，韧性最好；沿镀层生长的方向，断口中的韧窝特征逐渐减小，镀层的韧性下降；在表层的断口中ZrO2微粒明显增多，呈团聚状态，基本上没有韧窝特征，镀层的韧性最差．Ni／ZrO2梯度镀层的韧性由外至内逐渐增加，呈梯度分布，其延展性为复合镀层的2．5倍．     

ZrO2/Al2O3多孔陶瓷的制备与力学性能

采用凝胶-发泡法制备了ZrO2/Al2O3多孔陶瓷,研究了陶瓷浆料的流变性,固相含量对多孔陶瓷坯体显微结构与力学性能的影响,以及烧结助剂MgO含量与多孔陶瓷抗压强度及气孔率之间的关系.结果表明,在分散剂含量为0.4％(质量分数),球磨4 h,pH值为4的条件下,陶瓷浆料的黏度较低,有利于凝胶注模.固相含量增加,坯体气孔率下降.过高的固相含量使浆料流动困难,注模时引入空气导致坯体内形成较大的气孔甚至裂纹,使坯体抗压强度下降.由ZrO2引起的相变增韧及微裂纹增韧可有效改善多孔陶瓷的力学性能.随烧结助剂含量增加,多孔陶瓷气孔支撑体致密化程度增大,气孔率降低,抗压强度明显升高.多孔陶瓷的抗压强度最高达30 MPa.引入适量的ZrO2及烧结助剂,可制备气孔率适中、抗压强度高的多孔陶瓷.     

纳米Al2O3/ZrO2复合粉体的制备及表征

高性能的复合粉体是制备纳米复相陶瓷材料的关键.采用醇-水溶液加热法结合共沉淀过程制备纳米Al2O3/ZrO2复合粉体,研究了不同沉淀剂对粉体团聚的影响,利用透射电镜、X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、比表面积测定等技术对获得的纳米复合粉体进行了表征.结果表明:采用NH4HCO3作为沉淀剂可以得到几乎无团聚的碱式碳酸盐前驱物,该前驱物在煅烧过程中的物相变化显示四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO2)的形成温度大幅度地提高,同时在较低温度下生成了α-Al2O3,在1 100℃转变为t-ZrO2相和α-Al2O3相;粉体中两相颗粒分散良好、粒径一致、无硬团聚,其平均粒径为15～20 nm,比表面积为69.5 m2·g-1.     

Preparation and characterization of dispersed Rh2O3 on tetragonal ZrO2

Samples of well-dispersed hexagonal Rh₂O₃ on tetragonal ZrO₂ have been prepared by the code composition of the nitrates at 900°C. A comparison of the stability towards reduction of the bulk and dispersed Rh₂O₃ products demonstrates the influence of an interaction between the dispersed metal oxide and the support.     

Preparation and thermodynamic analysis of the porous ZrO2/(ZrO2 + Ni) functionally graded bolted joint

Ceramic–metal functionally graded materials (FGMs) have been extensively used in aerospace engineering where high strength and excellent heat insulation materials are desired. In this paper, the thermodynamic behavior of the Thermal Protection System (TPS) used bolted joints made up of porous ZrO₂/(ZrO₂ + Ni) FGMs is investigated by finite-element (FE) modeling. The bolted joint is subjected to reentry heating corresponding to the Access to Space Vehicle. Thermodynamic simulations are carried out to yield the transient response of the porous ZrO₂/(ZrO₂ + Ni) functionally graded bolted joint (FGBJ). The effects of the preload on the thermomechanical behavior and service reliability of the bolted joint are numerically analyzed in detail by ABAQUS codes. It is found that the preload relaxation of the bolted joint occurs at elevated temperature, and the preload has significant influence on service reliability of the bolted joint under transient thermomechanical circumstances. With the increase of the preload, stress concentration which occurs at the root of the first thread of the bolt increases rapidly and predominates in service reliability. Proper preload is thus defined to balance the service reliability and tightness of the bolted joint. Further studies show that the shape of the nut has a great effect on the stress concentration of the thread, the optimized nut is designed to reduce the stress concentration of the thread, and thus the reliability of the bolted joint is also improved.     

负载活性炭硅藻土多孔陶瓷的制备和过滤性能研究

采用注浆成型技术制备了负载活性炭的硅藻土多孔陶瓷,研究烧结温度对其孔径、孔隙率、强度和晶相的影响,并测定其细菌过滤性能。研究发现,经1000℃烧成的产品,硅藻土保持原有的微孔结构,孔隙率最高(67%),强度较好(5.81MPa),而且对大肠杆菌截留效果好,滤液中未检测出大肠杆菌,可满足国家饮用水标准的要求。     

Preparation via gelling of porous Li2ZrO3 for fusion reactor blanket material

Crystalline powders of Li₂ZrO₃ were prepared by gelling ZrCl₄ and CH₃COOLi with NH₄OH at 50 °C, at different pH values (5, 7 and 8) and for different times (3, 12 and 24 h), then drying and calcining. Compacts from these powders were found sinter to higher densities than a commercial Li₂ZrO₃; their porosity at 1200°C was close to 3 m and was suitable for blanket material applications. Tritium release as HTO begins at 300 °C and reaches 73% at 400 °C, a temperature much lower than that required for Li₂O.