改性沥青树脂及其复合材料的制备及相关性能

以煤沥青为原料、三聚甲醛为交联剂,在对甲苯磺酸的催化作用下合成了沥青树脂（COPNA树脂）,通过添加酚醛树脂对其进行了改性;分别以沥青树脂和改性树脂为原料,与石墨混合制备了复合材料。考察了酚醛树脂含量对改性树脂的残炭率、甲苯不溶物含量、喹啉不溶物含量、p树脂含量的影响,以及树脂含量对复合材料的电阻率,肖氏硬度的影响;采用FT—IR和H—NMR研究其反应机理;采用TG研究了沥青树脂和改性树脂的热行为。研究表明,酚醛树脂与沥青树脂可以在一定比例范围内进行复配,在加热混合过程中酚醛树脂与沥青树脂发生化学反应,提高了沥青树脂的耐热性。经酚醛树脂改性的沥青树脂具有更高残炭率、更高β树脂含量和更好耐热性。改性后的树脂复合材料具有更高的电阻率、更高的肖氏硬度和更高的耐磨性。     

煤焦油改性酚醛树脂研究

引入含有多环芳烃煤焦油组分来改性酚醛树脂,在反应釜中按一定比例加入苯酚、甲醛、氢氧化钠和煤焦油.在碱性催化剂作用下反应4～7 h,真空脱水,得到了煤焦油改性热固性酚醛树脂.对改性后树脂的固含量、残炭值测定和热失重-差热分析,结果表明煤焦油加入量为苯酚质量的15%时改性树脂具有较大的固含量和残炭值,耐热性也得到了显著提高.     

炭/炭复合材料用浸渍剂残炭率研究

研究了两种炭/炭复合材料液相致密用高效、安全的浸渍剂.一种为混合树脂体系,即氨酚醛树脂与树脂B混合且不添加其他任何固化剂;一种为利用新型固化剂C取代磷酸作为糠酮树脂的固化剂.结果表明,混合树脂与纯氨酚醛树脂浸渍剂相比较,其残炭率提高约10％;当混合树脂体系中树脂B的质量分数为30％～50％时,具有较好的残炭率;新型固化剂C作为糠酮树脂固化剂时,其残炭率与磷酸作为固化剂时相当,且安全性更高,具有取代磷酸作为糠酮树脂固化剂的可能性.     

铜改性酚醛树脂的合成与表征

将Cu(铜)离子引入热塑性PF(酚醛树脂)中,采用配位反应法合成了Cu改性PF。研究结果表明:采用FT-IR(红外光谱)法和紫外分光光度法对Cu改性PF的结构进行了表征,初步得到Cu离子在PF中的配位结构。TGA(热失重分析)结果显示,改性树脂在255、535℃时具有明显的吸热现象,热失重速率增大,1 000℃时的残炭率为58%。与普通树脂相比,改性树脂的固含量和残炭率分别提高了5%和7%,说明其耐热性明显增强。     

纳米孔杯芳烃氰酸酯树脂的合成及其固化研究

通过示差扫描量热分析,小角X射线衍射测试和红外光谱确定了对叔丁基杯(4)芳烃的合成条件,并合成了对叔丁基杯(4)芳烃氰酸酯树脂,研究了该产物及其双组分共混体系的固化性能。结果表明,通过将对叔丁基杯(4)芳烃氰酸酯与环氧树脂、双酚A二烯丙基醚、聚硅氮烷或双酚A氰酸酯共聚改性,可降低其固化温度,并固化成为块状整体材料。其中聚硅氮烷的固化促进效果最为明显,大幅度提升了材料的耐热性和残炭率。     

溶胶凝胶法制备二氧化硅/酚醛树脂复合材料的性能

以硅烷偶联剂改性酚醛树脂为基体,正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,无水乙醇为共溶剂,盐酸为催化剂,采用溶胶凝胶法制备得到SiO_2/酚醛树脂复合材料。通过固含量、残炭率和力学性能测试以及红外光谱、热重分析和扫描电镜观察对制备的SiO_2/酚醛树脂复合材料的性能进行了研究。结果表明,材料的耐热性得到提高,无机粒子在树脂中分散均匀,没有团聚和孔洞。     

高碳酚醛树脂及其复合材料的炭化性能演变

碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料是制备C/C复合材料的前驱体,但是目前所应用的酚醛树脂残炭率较低,浸渍炭化周期过长,工艺成本过高,限制了C/C复合材料在民用领域的大规模应用。因此,研究新型的高碳酚醛树脂及其作为基体的复合材料在炭化过程中的性能演变情况,可以有效促进酚醛树脂在C/C复合材料生产中的应用。本文探究了高碳酚醛树脂及其复合材料的炭化性能,研究了高碳酚醛树脂的结构、固化、耐热性,对高碳酚醛树脂及其碳纤维增强复合材料的炭化后性能进行了研究。研究结果表明:高碳酚醛树脂具有较普通酚醛树脂更高的残炭率;当炭化温度过高时,会出现无规则的非晶态的碳颗粒,影响材料的有序性、显气孔率等。在1000℃下炭化,会得到较为优异的孔隙率,利于后续制备工艺的进行。     

硼-腰果酚改性酚醛树脂的制备及固化动力学

针对酚醛树脂(PF)耐热性和韧性不足的缺点,采用硼、腰果酚对酚醛树脂进行改性,考察了硼酸用量和腰果酚用量等对改性酚醛树脂性能的影响。红外(FT-IR)分析结果表明,硼酸与酚醛树脂中的酚羟基发生了反应,生成了新的交联键。通过热重(TG)分析,结果表明经硼改性的酚醛树脂耐热性能明显提高。通过非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析了改性酚醛树脂在不同升温速率下的固化行为,采用Ozawa法和Crane方程建立了改性酚醛树脂的固化动力学模型,确定了其固化工艺参数。     

一种苯并噁嗪改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂性能的研究

苯并噁嗪树脂是一种新型开环聚合酚醛树脂,能通过开环聚合反应生成类似酚醛树脂结构.自制合成了单环苯并恶嗪,通过红外光谱、差热分析法研究了苯并噁嗪的结构、固化行为和工艺性能.制备了一种苯并噁嗪改性酚醛树脂灌封胶黏剂,并通过拉伸强度和热重分析对其力学性能和耐热性进行分析研究.结果表明该苯并噁嗪改性酚醛树脂灌封胶黏剂耐热性优异,在600℃时重量保持率为52.7%.     

双马改性酚醛树脂的耐热性及热分解动力学研究

采用二笨甲烷型双马来酰亚胺对酚醛树脂进行改性,制备出一种耐热性良好的改性酚醛树脂.采用热重分析法研究了双马来酰亚胺改性酚醛树脂的热分解动力学,并用Kissinger法、Ozawa法、Crane法计算其热分解动力学参数.结果表明,改性树脂的平均表观活化能为376.144kJ/mol,反应级数为0.940,其热分解分为3个...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。