纳米Fe_3O_4/聚吡咯复合材料的形貌可控制备及电磁特性

为实现纳米Fe3O4/聚吡咯(PPy)复合材料的形貌可控合成,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(NaDBS)为表面活性剂,运用乳液聚合方法制备了纳米Fe3O4/PPy复合材料。研究了体系中油相吡咯及表面活性剂用量对纳米Fe3O4/PPy复合材料表面形貌的影响规律,分析了纳米Fe3O4/PPy复合材料形貌与其电磁特性之间的关系。结果表明:吡咯用量的增加改变了体系中胶团的存在状态,使得纳米Fe3O4/PPy复合材料的形貌由草莓状向核-壳结构转变;体系中胶团的数量随着表面活性剂用量的改变发生变化,根据此规律调控了核-壳复合粒子内核的数量,从而得到了单核或多核的纳米Fe3O4/PPy复合材料。     

La_2O_3和Y_2O_3掺杂ZrO_2复合材料的高温相稳定性、抗烧结性及热导率

采用化学共沉淀煅烧法制备不同La2O3掺杂量的La2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2(YSZ)复合陶瓷粉末,研究该复合陶瓷粉末的高温相稳定性、抗烧结性及热物理性能,并与传统应用的YSZ陶瓷粉末进行对比,以探讨La2O3-YSZ作为热障涂层材料应用的可能性。采用XRD分析陶瓷粉末的晶体结构和物相组成,研究La2O3掺杂量对YSZ高温相稳定性的影响。采用SEM观察陶瓷烧结体的微观形貌,研究La2O3掺杂对YSZ抗烧结性的影响。采用激光脉冲法测定热扩散率,通过计算得到材料的热导率。结果表明:YSZ和不同La2O3掺杂量的La2O3-YSZ均由单一的非平衡四方相ZrO2(t′-ZrO2)组成。经1 400℃热处理100h后,YSZ中t′-ZrO2完全转变为立方相ZrO2(c-ZrO2)和单斜相ZrO2(m-ZrO2),在0.4mol%~1.4mol%La2O3掺杂范围内,La2O3-YSZ的相稳定性均优于YSZ,其中1.0mol%La2O3掺杂的YSZ(1.0mol%La2O3-YSZ)经热处理后无m-ZrO2生成,表现出良好的高温相稳定性。此外,1.0mol%La2O3-YSZ较YSZ具有较高的抗烧结性和较低的热导率。在室温至700℃范围内,1.0mol%La2O3-YSZ的热导率为1.90~2.17 W/(m·K),明显低于YSZ的热导率(2.13~2.33 W/(m·K))。     

聚吡咯电导率对锂／聚吡咯二次电池性能的影响

以化学氧化法制备导电聚吡咯，以其作正极，组装成锂／聚吡咯二次电池并测试其电化学性能，重点讨论聚吡咯电导率对电池性能的影响。结果表明，正极电导率高的电池平均放电比容量高且循环平稳：电导率高可以使充放电时阴离子的掺杂和脱掺杂变得容易，电荷储存能力强，电池比容量高；电化学稳定性和可逆性好，50次循环后，电池的库仑效率仍达99．2％。     

聚吡咯网状纳米结构的合成及表征

采用原位聚合法,以聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)为表面活性剂合成网状纳米聚吡咯(PPy),并考察了反应物的物质的量比对产品的形貌和吸波性能影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、矢量网络分析仪对其进行表征,结果表明,Py∶HCl∶FeCl3物质的量比为1∶0.5∶2时,聚吡咯的吸波性能最佳,在3430MHz处达到了-38.9dB。     

镧掺杂钙锰氧体/聚吡咯复合物的制备、表征及其电化学性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法和溶液原位复合技术分别制备了镧掺杂钙锰氧体(La_{1- x} Ca_x Mn_{0. 7}Co_{0. 3}O₃, x = 1. 0, 0. 9, 0. 8 , 0. 7, 0.6) 粉末及其聚吡咯( PPy) 相对质量分数为60 %和80 %的钙锰氧体/ 聚吡咯复合物微粒La_{0. 3}Ca_0.7Mn_{0. 7}Co_{0. 3}O₃/PPy。借助FTIR、XRD、SEM 和电化学测试等分析手段表征了钙锰氧体粉末及其复合材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能。结果表明, 复合材料中包覆的聚吡咯外层和复合氧化物之间存在相互作用, PPy 减少了纳米颗粒的团聚现象,La_{0. 3}Ca_0.7Mn_{0. 7}Co_{0. 3}O₃和La_{0. 3}Ca_0.7Mn_0.7Co_{0. 3}O₃/PPy的粒径分别为46. 2 nm 和43. 5 nm , 并且复合物的氧化还原峰电流随吡咯含量的增加而变大。      

Synthesis and characterization of new composites: PANI/Na-AlSBA-3 and PANI/Na-AlSBA-16

The new aluminosilicate materials (Na-AlSBA-3 and Na-AlSBA-16) were synthesized for application in the preparation of composites. Silica mesoporous materials were obtained following the sol-gel method and post-synthesis alumination. These methods were effective for the synthesis of SBA-3 and SBA-16, showing XRD patterns and other characteristics in agreement with the literature.Aniline-saturated hosts were prepared by adsorption of aniline (exposed to the equilibrium vapors from liquid aniline) into the mesoporous materials. Polyaniline/Na-AlSBA-3 (PANI-3) and polyaniline/Na-AlSBA-16 (PANI-16) composites have been synthesized by an in situ polymerization of aniline-saturated hosts. TG, FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM were used to characterize the resulting composites. These studies show that PANI is generated inside the channel of the hosts. PANI-16 has an amount of emeraldine salt higher than PANI-3 composite. The electrical conductivity measurements confirmed that PANI and mesoporous materials were true hybrid nanocomposites. The conductive properties of these composites were compared with those of other composites (polyaniline/Na-AlMCM-41 and polyaniline/Na-AlSBA-15) reported.     

新型磁性离子交换吸附TiO_2@Fe_3O_4/聚吡咯树脂复合材料制备及其吸附性能

首先采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2@Fe_3O_4核壳结构的磁性纳米粒子,然后与聚吡咯(PPy)采用原位聚合法制备TiO_2@Fe_3O_4/PPy磁性离子交换吸附剂。通过TEM、SEM对样品的形貌及粒径进行表征,用XRD表征分析物相,FTIR表征样品的表面性质,用VSM测定磁性能,由紫外-可见分光光度计测定吸光度,并对孔雀石绿溶液进行吸附性能测试。结果表明,PPy与TiO_2@Fe_3O_4纳米粒子复合后形貌未变,团聚现象明显改善,磁强度为5.384emu·g~(-1),具有超顺磁性。在pH=7,温度为298K条件下,用0.05g TiO_2@Fe_3O_4/PPy吸附剂对25mL 20mg·L~(-1)孔雀石绿溶液(MG)进行吸附,饱和吸附容量为312.50mg·g~(-1),且30min内去除率可达到99.1%。与活性炭相比较,TiO_2@Fe_3O_4/PPy磁性离子交换吸附树脂可以进行大面积动态交换与吸附,吸附性能优于活性炭。     

Effect of preparative parameters on the electrical conductivity of Li2SO4-Al2O3 composites

The effect of various preparative parameters, such as the size and form of alumina and also the time of sintering, on the electrical conductivity of the Li₂SO₄-Al₂O₃ composite system has been investigated. The sintering time appears to be an insignificant preparative parameter. The role of different phases of Al₂O₃ on the electrical conductivity of the composite clearly establishes that the maximum enhancement is achieved for γ-Al₂O₃. The 50 m/o Al₂O₃ composition was found to exhibit the highest conductivity, an enhancement of three orders of magnitude at 500°C. The experimental data indicates higher conduction in the space charge layer near the surface to be the possible mechanism of conductivity enhancement.     

Synthesis and characterization of conductive polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites with improved solubility and conductivity

High conductivity and solubility of polypyrrole (PPy)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites has been successfully synthesized by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization using various concentrations of cationic polyelectrolyte poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS). Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, EPR, FESEM and HRTEM were used to characterize their structure and morphology. These images of FESEM and HRTEM showed that the fabricated PPy/MWCNT composites are one-dimensional core-shell structures with the average thickness of the PPy/MWCNT composites without PSS is about 250 nm and considerably decreases to 100–150 nm by adding the PSS content. The results of Raman spectrum, FTIR and UV–Vis indicate the synthesized PPy/MWCNT composites are in the doped state. The conductivities of PPy/MWCNT composites synthesized with the weight ratio of PSS/pyrrole monomer at 0.5 are about two times of magnitude higher than that of PPy/MWCNT composites without PSS. These results are perhaps due to the part of cationic electrolyte served as a dopant can be incorporated to the PPy structure to improve the conductivity of fabricated PPy/MWCNT composites.     

球状纳米二氧化钛/石墨烯复合材料的合成及导电性能

采用改进的水热法制备二氧化钛/石墨烯(TiO2/G)复合导电材料,并研究水热温度以及石墨烯用量对TiO2/G复合材料导电性的影响。利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和电化学阻抗谱等测试手段对复合材料的结构,微观形貌以及导电性能进行表征,并确定最佳的水热温度以及石墨烯的最佳添加量。结果表明:石墨烯添加量为5%(质量分数),水热温度为160℃,TiO2/G复合材料的导电性最佳,其电阻率为13.46Ω·cm。复合材料中TiO2纳米颗粒为球状的锐钛矿相,直径为100~200nm左右,且均匀生长在石墨烯片层表面。其中,TiO2纳米颗粒生长于石墨烯片层上,有效地阻止石墨烯片层的聚集,有利于石墨烯片层间形成导电网络,提高电子迁移效率,赋予二氧化钛复合材料优异的导电性能。     

Synthesis and characterization of rod-like Y2O3 and Y2O3:Eu3+

Y₂O₃ rods 100 to 200 nm in diameter and 10 to 20 m in length are accessible via polyol-mediated synthesis of a precursor material with similar shape. By heating of Y(CH₃COO)₃ · xH₂O and a defined amount of water at 190°C in diethylene glycol, the rod-like precursor material is formed. Infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermal gravimetry (TG) evidence that this precursor material still contains acetate. However, the precursor material can be transformed to Y₂O₃ by sintering at 600°C without destruction of the rod-like shape. According to X-ray powder diffraction analysis, the rods are well crystallized. They can be assumed to be with [100] orientation. By doping with Eu³⁺ (5 mol%), red emitting phosphor rods can be realized. With optical spectroscopy the typical line emission of Eu³⁺ is observed. Diffuse reflectance of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ rods is determined to be higher than 95% in the visible. While exciting at 254 nm (Hg-discharge), a quantum efficiency of 38.5% is proven for the prepared Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ rods.     

Synthesis and characterization of Al-Zn/Al2O3 nano-powder composites

Composites consisting of Al-Zn/Al2O3 have been synthesized using high energy mechanical milling. High energy ball milling increases the sintering rate of the composite powder due to increased diffusion rate. Owing to the finer microstructure, the hardness of the sintered composite produced by using the mechanically milled nanocomposite powder is significantly higher than that of the sintered composite produced by using the as-mixed powder. The mean crystallite size of the matrix has been determined to be 27 nm by Scherrer equation using X-ray diffraction data. The powders have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effect of high-energy ball milling and subsequent annealing on a mixture of Al and ZnO has also been investigated. DTA result show that the reaction temperature of Al-ZnO decreases with the increase in the ball milling time.     

纳米Al_2O_3分布对Al_2O_3/PE-EVA复合材料导热性能与力学性能的影响

旨在将纳米Al2O3分散在聚乙烯(PE)和乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)的共混物中,构建具有选择性分布结构的局域高粒子浓度导热复合材料。采用纳米Al2O3为导热填料,以PE和EVA为基体树脂,使用熔融共混法制备了Al2O3/PE-EVA导热复合材料。利用选择性溶液萃取方法和SEM研究了PE-EVA共混物的相结构及纳米Al2O3在共混物中的分布,评价了Al2O3/PE-EVA复合材料的导热性能与力学性能。结果表明:在PE与EVA质量比为1∶1时可获得具有两相共连续结构的共混物;在两相共连续PE-EVA共混物中引入纳米Al2O3后,发现纳米Al2O3主要分布在PE相中;纳米Al2O3的分布行为及共连续结构的形成有助于提高复合材料的导热性能,在纳米Al2O3质量分数为50%时,与Al2O3/PE复合材料相比,具有选择分布和相连续结构的Al2O3/PEEVA复合材料的热导率提高了21.2%;随着纳米Al2O3质量分数的增加,Al2O3/PE-EVA复合材料的拉伸强度与Al2O3/PE复合材料的拉伸强度相近,同时由于EVA相的增韧作用,其断裂伸长率优于Al2O3/PE复合材料。     

NiFe2O4/Ag复合材料的制备及其耐蚀和导电性能

以Fe2O3、NiO和Ag2O为主要原料,采用固相烧结工艺制备了NiFe2O4/Ag复合材料,用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对材料的组成和微观结构进行了研究,并测量了样品在冰晶石熔盐中的静态热腐蚀速率及其高温电导率.结果表明,复合材料由NiO、NiFe2O4尖晶石和Ag三相组成.随着Ag2O含量的增多,复合材料的致密化程度先增加而后降低,当Ag2O含量为6%时,试样的致密化程度最高.Ag2O的加入在不提高试样在冰晶石熔盐中的静态热腐蚀速率的前提下,提高了试样的高温电导率.     

Dielectric Relaxation and Conductivity of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3and Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3

The frequency dependent dielectric properties of barium magnesium tantalate(BMT),Ba(Mg_(1/3)Ta(2/3))O_3 and barium zinc tantalate(BZT),Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3 synthesized by solid state reaction technique have been investigated at various temperatures by impedance spectroscopy.BMT and BZT possess cubic structure with lattice parameter a = 0.708 and 0.451 nm,respectively.The resonance peaks due to dielectric relaxation processes are observed in the loss tangent of these oxides.The relaxation in the samples is polydispersive in nature.The temperature dependence of dc conductivity,the most probable relaxation frequency(ω_m) obtained from tanδ vs logw plots and ω_m obtained from imaginary parts of the complex electrical modulus vs logw plots follow the Arrhenius behavior.According to these Arrhenius plots the activation energies of BMT and BZT are about 0.54 and 0.40 eV,respectively.Thus the results indicate that samples are semiconducting in nature.The frequency-dependent electrical data are analyzed in the framework of conductivity and electric modulus formalisms.Both these formalisms show qualitative similarities in relaxation time.Our study points that for complex perovskite oxides with general formula A(B'B")O_3,the dielectric properties significantly depend on the atomic radii of both A and B type cations.BMT and BZT exhibit enhancement in dielectric property compared to their niobate counterparts.They may find several technological applications such as in capacitors,resonators and filters owing to their high dielectric constant and low loss tangent.     

气液相聚合制备蒙脱土/聚吡咯的结构特征及其导电性能

以FeCl₃为氧化剂,与钠基蒙脱土(MMT)以不同比例进行离子交换后所得悬浮液与吡咯(Py)单体进行气液相聚合,制备出蒙脱土/聚吡咯(MMT/PPy)复合材料。XRD、FTIR和SEM分析表明,Py单体在MMT的片层间发生了聚合反应,MMT的层间距随PPy含量增加不断变大。MMT/PPy复合材料呈现出 MMT和PPy的红外特征吸收峰,但某些吸收峰出现蓝移。SEM 观察显示MMT/PPy呈片状形态特征。当其中的MMT去除后,PPy仍为片状结构,与纯 PPy的球粒形貌不同。电导率测试表明,MMT/PPy复合材料的电导率随PPy含量增加而提高,至40.9 wt% PPy含量时,MMT/PPy的电导率已达到PPy 的电导率水平(10-1S/cm),含54.3 wt% PPy的MMT/PPy电导率甚至略高于PPy。     

聚吡咯／木单板导电复合材料的制备与表征

以FeCl3为氧化剂和掺杂剂，采用化学氧化原位吸附聚合法制备了聚吡咯／木单板复合材料。探讨了制备条件对表面电阻率和吸聚率的影响，以及获得的较优的制备条件。利用红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）表征了材料的组成、结构和形貌。结果表明，制备条件为：单板室温吸附吡咯单体的时间30min，FeCl3浓度0．75mol／L，聚合反应时间30min，反应温度25℃。复合材料的表面电阻率可这15．53Ω／cm^2。复合材料中木单板表面吸附聚合了无定形的掺杂态的聚吡咯，聚吡咯排列紧密，有少量孔隙，无明显的方向性，且与木材表面有一定的相互作用。     

Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline/activated carbon composites and preparation of conductive films

Polyaniline was synthesized via polyaniline/activated carbon (PANI/AC) composites by in situ polymerization and ex situ solution mixing. PANI and PANI/AC composite films were prepared by drop-by-drop and spin coating methods. The electrical conductivities of HCl doped PANI film and PANI/AC composite films were measured according to the standard four-point-probe technique. The composite films exhibited an increase in electrical conductivity over neat PANI. PANI and PANI/AC composites were investigated by spectroscopic methods including UV–vis, FTIR and photoluminescence. UV–vis and FTIR studies showed that AC particles affect the quinoid units along the polymer backbone and indicate strong interactions between AC particles and quinoidal sites of PANI. The photoluminescence properties of PANI and PANI/AC composites were studied and the photoluminescence intensity of PANI/AC composites was higher than that of neat PANI. The increase of conductivity of PANI/AC composites may be partially due to the doping or impurity effect of AC, where the AC competes with chloride ions. The amount of weight loss and the thermostability of PANI and PANI/AC composites were determined from thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology of particles and films were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM measurements indicated that the AC particles were well dispersed and isolated in composite films.     

Fabrication,interface characterization and modeling of oriented graphite flakes/Si/Al composites for thermal management applications

Highly thermally conductive graphite flakes (G_f)/Si/Al composites have been fabricated using G_f, Si powder and an AlSi₇Mg_0.3 alloy by an optimized pressure infiltration process for thermal management applications. In the composites, the layers of G_f were spaced apart by Si particles and oriented perpendicular to the pressing direction, which offered the opportunity to tailor the thermal conductivity (TC) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composites. Microstructural characterization revealed that the formation of a clean and tightly-adhered interface at the nanoscale between the side surface of the G_f and Al matrix, devoid of a detrimental Al₄C₃ phase and a reacted amorphous Al–Si–O–C layer, contributed to excellent thermal performance along the alignment direction. With increasing volume fraction of G_f from 13.7 to 71.1 vol.%, the longitudinal (i.e. parallel to the graphite layers) TC of the composites increased from 179 to 526 W/m K, while the longitudinal CTE decreased from 12.1 to 7.3 ppm/K (matching the values of electronic components). Furthermore, the modified layers-in-parallel model better fitted the longitudinal TC data than the layers-in-parallel model and confirmed that the clean and tightly-adhered interface is favorable for the enhanced longitudinal TC.     

Thermal conductivity of boron nitride reinforced polyethylene composites

The thermal conductivity of boron nitride (BN) particulates reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was investigated under a special dispersion state of BN particles in HDPE, i.e., BN particles surrounding HDPE particles. The effects of BN content, particle size of HDPE and temperature on the thermal conductivity of the composites were discussed. The results indicate that the special dispersion of BN in matrix provides the composites with high thermal conductivity; moreover, the thermal conductivity of composites is higher for the larger size HDPE than for the smaller size one. The thermal conductivity increases with increasing filler content, and significantly deviates the predictions from the theoretic models. It is found also that the combined use of BN particles and alumina short fiber obtains higher thermal conductivity of composites compared to the BN particles used alone.