Yb:Gd3Ga5O12多晶粉体的制备及性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Yb:Gd3Ga5O12(Yb:GGG)多晶粉体.利用X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱、荧光光谱测试手段,对前驱体及煅烧的粉体的结构、形貌及光谱性能进行了研究.结果表明:950 ℃煅烧的粉体已是属于体心立方的晶体结构的Yb:GGG纯相.热重-差热分析表明:Yb:GGG超细粉体的总的质量损失为29.13%,初晶化温度在830.6 ℃附近,粉体在1 246 ℃左右晶化程度较高.随着煅烧温度的提高前驱粉体粒度不断增加,形成Yb:GGG纯相的最佳的煅烧温度为950 ℃,所获得的纳米粉体粒度约为80～100 nm,粒径均匀、分散性和流动性较好.荧光光谱表明,主要发射峰位于1 030 nm,是Yb3 的基态2F7/2与激发态2F5/2能级跃迁导致的荧光发射.     

均相共沉淀及凝胶燃烧法制备Yb:GGG纳米粉的比较(英文)

用均相沉淀法和凝胶燃烧法分别合成了掺镱钆镓石榴石粉体(Yb3+Gd3Ga5O12,gadolinium gallium garnet doped with ytterbium,Yb:GGG).借助X射线衍射、透射电镜、热分析、红外光谱及荧光光谱等手段对制备粉体的结构、形貌、热分解过程及光谱特性进行对比分析.结果表明:在900℃煅烧8 h后,2种方法均能获得单相立方的Yb:GGG纳米粉体.均相沉淀法及凝胶燃烧法得到的粉体平均粒径分别约为80 nm和47nm.在488nm激发波长下,2种方法获得的Yb:GGG粉体的荧光光谱相似,荧光发射的最强峰位于1 027nm处,是Yb3+的2F7/2→2F5/2谱相导致的荧光发射.     

Yb3+:Gd3Ga5O12激光晶体原料合成与生长的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Yb：GGG多晶料.以XRD分析方法对合成料的前驱体及烧成的粉体的相结构进行了研究,XRD分析结果表明,950 ℃煅烧的粉体已是Yb:GGG纯相.采用提拉法,通过设计合理而稳定的温场、选择最佳工艺参数等生长了Yb:GGG晶体.荧光光谱测试结果表明,Yb:GGG晶体主要发射峰位于1030 nm,该荧光是由Yb3+激发态2F5/2向基态2F7/2能级跃迁产生的.     

柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备Nd,Yb∶YGG激光陶瓷粉体及表征

以Nd2 O3、Yb2 O3、Y2 O3、Ga2 O3和柠檬酸为原料,采用凝胶燃烧法,制备出Nd,Yb∶ YGG激光陶瓷粉体.对粉体进行XRD测试,结果表明在本实验条件下,粉体的较佳煅烧温度为800℃.扫描电镜观察发现,粉体晶粒为类球形,平均晶粒径约为50 nm,晶粒间存在一定烧结现象.荧光光谱测试结果表明Nd,Yb∶ YGG激光陶瓷粉体最强发射峰位于1028 nm,归属于yb3的2 F5n→2 F7n能级跃迁,并且当Nd3+和yb3+的摩尔比为1∶1时yb3的荧光发射强度最强.     

Er3+,Yb3+:YGG激光陶瓷粉体制备与性能研究

本文以Y2O3,Ga2O3,Er2O3,Yb2O3,柠檬酸为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备出Er3+,Yb3+∶YGG激光陶瓷前驱粉体.对粉体进行XRD测试,结果表明在本实验条件下,粉体的最佳煅烧温度为800℃.红外光谱表明800℃时NO;,OH-等离子已被分解.扫描电镜观察发现,粉体颗粒为似球形,粒径约为35 nm,结合XRD数据计算,发现一个颗粒由2～3个晶粒组成,可见溶胶-凝胶法制备的粉体团聚程度相对较低.对粉体进行荧光光谱测试,结果表明由于Er3+的4I13/2-4I15/2的能级跃迁引起的荧光发射,其最强峰位于1530nm处.     

柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备Nd3+,Yb3+:Y2O3多晶原料及其相组成和荧光特性的研究

本文采用柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法合成了性能优良的Nd3+,Yb3+:Y2O3多晶原料。XRD、IR和SEM测试结果表明样品在900℃煅烧可获得纯相的Nd3+,Yb3+:Y2O3,平均粒径约为40 nm;TG-DTA测试结果表明样品在30～600℃之间失重约为49.28%;从荧光光谱上可以看出两个主要发射峰位于970～1100 nm之间,最强发射峰位于1030nm,对应Yb3+的2F5/2→2F7/2能级跃迁。     

溶胶-凝胶燃烧法制备Nd:Y_2O_3激光陶瓷纳米粉体

以Y_2O_3 和Nd_2O_3为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法制备出Nd:Y_2O_3激光陶瓷纳米粉体.XRD测试结果表明粉体的最佳煅烧温度为1000 ℃,并且晶化完全.原子力显微镜观察结果表明粉体的粒度约为200 nm,分布均匀.差热-热重分析表明,柠檬酸在447 ℃分解放热, 而晶型转变温度为590 ℃,荧光光谱测试表明粉体最强的荧光发射峰位于9421.646 cm~(-1)(即波长1061.4 nm处) ,是 Nd~(3+4)F_(3/2)-~4I_(11/2)谱相导致的荧光发射.     

钕镱共掺钇铝石榴石纳米粉体

采用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法,制备了钕镱共掺钇铝石榴石(Nd3+/Yb3+:YAG)透明陶瓷纳米粉体,并用热分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜、吸收及荧光光谱等测试方法对其结构、形貌及性能进行分析.结果表明:经900℃煅烧,Nd3+/YB3+:YAG透明陶瓷的质量损失为49.56%,所得到的Nd3+:Yb3+:YAG纳米粉体结晶好,烧结性好,纯度较高,形状规则,粒径均匀,均在60～100衄之间.在808 nm处具有较强的吸收带,对应于Nd离子4I9/2-4F7/2跃迁,有利于对808nm激光二级管泵浦光的吸收.在1064nm处,Nd3+/Yb3+:YAG的发射峰要强于Nd3+:YAG,说明在Nd3+/Yb3+:YAG中,通过[(4F3/2)Nd),(2F7/2)Yb]→[(4I9/2)nd,(2F5/2)Yb]离子问的交叉弛豫,产生了有效的Yb3+到Nd3+的能量转移,从而实现激光的高效输出.     

Er,Yb:(LaGd)_2O_3纳米粉体的制备与发光性质

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备了Er,Yb:(La Gd)2O3纳米粉体。经1 000℃煅烧2 h得到的粉体颗粒呈规则球形,平均粒径约为90 nm,团聚低,分布均匀。研究了Er3+,Yb3+的掺杂量对样品发光强度的影响。结果表明:掺杂Er3+和Yb3+的摩尔分数分别为4%和5%时,所得样品的发光性能最优。样品的激发和发射光谱显示:在379 nm处激发峰最强,对应Er3+的4I15/2→4G11/2能级跃迁;最强发射峰位于562 nm处,对应于4S3/2/2H11/2→4I15/2能级跃迁。样品的上转换光谱表明:样品在548和662 nm有较强的发射峰,对应Er3+的4S3/2/2H11/2→4I15/2跃迁和4F9/2→4I15/2跃迁。并讨论了发光跃迁机制。     

Yb3+掺杂KLa(WO4)2激光晶体生长与光谱分析

采用提拉法生长出掺镱钨酸镧钾[Yb:KLa(WO4)2,Yb:KLW]晶体,测试了晶体的红外光谱和Raman光谱,对出现的振动模式进行了归属.从X射线衍射分析得到晶胞参数a=b=0.532 nm,c=1.189 nm.通过热重-差热分析得到晶体的熔点为1 119 ℃,在熔点以下没有相变.测试了晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,计算了相应的光谱参数.结果表明:该晶体发射波长为1 021 nm,在931,981 nm附近有较强、较宽的吸收峰,适合用InGaAs半导体激光泵浦.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。