高分辨率空间相机俯仰成像的像移补偿方法

为了使高分率空间TDI（Time Delay and Integration） CCD相机适应卫星大俯仰姿态角,以增强空间遥感的时间分辨率,分析了卫星大俯仰姿态对高分辨空间相机成像的影响,使用光学投影方法,定性分析了俯仰成像时不同视场处的像移速度差异;根据TDI CCD工作方式,提出了横向像移图像生成原理,建立了横向像移图像的恢复模型,并完成了仿真验证和算法精度分析。分析结果表明:卫星俯仰姿态越大时,像面不同视场处横向像移速度差异增大;从仿真实验和精度分析可以看到俯仰成像时采用横向像移图像恢复方法可以得到无横向像移的图像,横向像移图像采集位数越高,恢复后的图像灰度值误差越小。横向像移图像恢复方法增强了空间相机对卫星大俯仰姿态的适应能力,极大地提高TDI CCD空间相机敏捷成像能力。     

面阵CCD航测相机前向像移补偿技术研究

航空相机在拍照瞬间由于飞机的飞行运动和姿态变化而产生像移,要提高照相分辨率必须进行像移补偿。文章介绍了两种面阵CCD航测相机前向像移补方法,即旋转俯仰轴补偿法和面阵CCD TDI功能补偿法,计算了两种方法的像移残差及误差精度,给出了旋转俯仰轴方法的适用范围,对比了两种方法的优劣,通过实验室拍摄验证了方法的有效性。     

航天光学遥感成像半实物仿真系统研究

航天光学遥感器的研究周期长、成本高,为了保证航天遥感卫星在轨成像性能,在卫星发射前,必须在地面进行深入可靠的仿真试验研究。本文建立了由六自由度机械臂为运动平台的航天光学遥感成像半实物仿真系统,首先建立坐标系模型并求取坐标转换参数,然后依据STK(System Tool Kit)软件生成星历数据,经坐标转换后输入到机械臂控制系统,最后根据TDI CCD相机的成像原理,控制机械臂使TDI CCD相机对三维地形沙盘线性推扫,从而获取线阵仿真影像。仿真结果表明,建立了正确有效的仿真坐标系,可快速、稳定、实时地模拟航天遥感对地推扫成像过程,且仿真影像中均匀分布的12个圆形靶标的圆度均优于0.95,证明仿真影像质量较高,可满足遥感目标的探测与识别仿真算法研究的需求,为航天光学遥感成像仿真系统的研究提供一定参考。     

面阵CCD航测相机像移补偿技术研究

航空相机在拍照瞬间由于飞机的飞行运动和姿态变化而产生像移,要提高照相分辨率必须通过像移补偿来实现。采用在相机与飞机间增设三轴稳定平台的机械式像移补偿法来补偿姿态像移和前向像移,三轴稳定平台的三轴按照与飞机姿态变化角速率相等、方向相反进行旋转补偿姿态像移,三轴稳定平台的俯仰轴以飞行方向反方向、角速率等于速高比旋转补偿前向像移,并采用坐标变换法计算像移补偿后的残差,通过分析面阵CCD相机像面各点在进行像移补偿后的像移残差均小于1/3像元,符合成像要求。     

新型遥感光学立体成像系统的光学系统设计

用前视、直视和后视三个相机及相应的传感器阵列CCD以获取地面的不同视角下的信息,通过计算机处理得到地面的立体图像的技术是80年代发展起来的新型遥感光学立体成像技术.简述了遥感光学立体成像原理,整个系统的主要参数斜视相机倾角、扫描频率、地面分辨率、直及斜视相机焦距和视场角的确定,并对光学系统的设计进行了详尽的分析.设计出了性能很好、在系统中得到应用的光学系统.     

彩色大面阵数字航空遥感相机技术的研究

提出了一种以彩色大面阵CCD探测器作为成像介质的大视场数字航空摄影相机设计技术。采用对称Russar型光学系统,在获得了大视场角的同时最大程度的降低了光学畸变;设计了精确的微位移传动系统移动CCD探测器以补偿前向像移,提高了相机的动态分辨率;设计了一种双叶片的中心式机械快门,获得了宽范围的曝光时间控制,保证了探测器的均匀曝光及合适的图像重叠率。地面及空中成像测试中相机的静态分辨率达到了CCD特征频率的要求,获得了清晰的航拍彩色图像,表明相机的各项技术性能满足要求,该相机技术已应用到国土资源的遥感普查中。     

稳定平台对机载线阵相机成像质量的影响

在线阵传感器的航空摄影过程 中,飞机姿态变化会对成像造成影响,导致成像模糊。因 此根据航空投影的坐标变换方程,采用Monte Carlo算 法分析了曝光时间、稳定平台位置补偿残差以及角速度补偿残 差等参数对线阵相机成像质量的影响。结果表明,高性 能机载线阵相机必须配备高性能稳定平台;同时,灵敏度 高、曝光积分时间短的线阵探测器对于成像质量的提升 具有重要意义。     

异步推扫式遥感立体成像仿真系统

对三线阵CCD推扫式遥感立体成像方式进行了讨论,研究了推扫式遥感成像模型中的光学共线方程成像模型,分析了地形地貌梯度对推扫式遥感成像过程的影响.最后,在基于不变轨和固定姿态的前提下,以高斯合成曲面模拟三维地形地貌梯度,用数学仿真的方法验证了地形地貌梯度对推扫式遥感成像精度的影响,并结合嫦娥一号数据进行了分析.实验结果表明:推扫式遥感立体成像过程中,地形地貌起伏的梯度变化在飞行方向上引入了相邻轨图像的信息重叠或遗漏,在推扫方向上引入了投影误差.     

基于速度矢量模型的圆轨道空间相机偏流角实时补偿

偏流角是影响线阵CCD 相机推扫成像性能的重要因素。为实现在轨有限计算资源环境下偏流角的快速计算,根据圆轨道卫星飞行与地物随地球自转的速度矢量运动关系,建立了适用于圆轨道正视与前后视成像的偏流角模型,给出卫星飞行过程中星下点相对地物的运动速度矢量作角向振动的数学表达式。根据该模型提出基于旋转CCD 方式的偏流实时补偿方案,并搭建偏流校正成像模拟平台进行了实验验证。仿真和实验表明,速度矢量模型具有更高的计算效率,计算精度和稳定性与坐标变换模型和轨道要素模型一致,能够将偏流导致的图像MTF 下降抑制到5%。该方案适用于 TDICCD 相机与三线阵CCD 立体测绘相机的偏流实时调整机构开发工作。     

帧转移型面阵CCD成像模型与仿真

基于帧转移型面阵CCD的成像原理,探讨了光电转换、电荷转移和电荷检测三个成像阶段存在的一些关键性问题,如像元响应的不一致性、相机抖动、电荷转移效率、帧转移模糊等,建立了相应的数学模型,并利用VC++6.0开发平台搭建了一整套CCD成像仿真系统。最后利用实验的方法,通过改变转移效率、曝光时间等CCD成像参数,分析比较了仿真结果。实验表明,该数学模型与面阵CCD器件成像过程较为吻合,仿真系统准确度较高。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks