全再生混凝土概念的衍化与研究进展

全面梳理和分析了再生混凝土的发展历程与演变特点,提出了全再生混凝土的基本概念,基于文献分析,针对不同组分、不同取代率下再生混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能开展了对比分析.整理了当再生粗骨料、再生细骨料分别单取代且取代率达到100％ 及再生粗、细骨料双取代的取代率都达到100％ 后混凝土各性能变化的量值,最后总结了再...     

Multiple linear regression,artificial neural network,and fuzzy logic prediction of 28 days compressive strength of concrete

Evaluating the in situ concrete compressive strength by means of cores cut from hardened concrete is acknowledged as the most ordinary method, however, it is very difficult to predict the compressive strength of concrete since it is affected by many factors such as different mix designs, methods of mixing, curing conditions, compaction, etc. In this paper, considering the experimental results, three different models of multiple linear regression model (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are established, trained, and tested within the Matlab programming environment for predicting the 28 days compressive strength of concrete with 173 different mix designs. Finally, these three models are compared with each other and resulted in the fact that ANN and ANFIS models enables us to reliably evaluate the compressive strength of concrete with different mix designs, however, multiple linear regression model is not feasible enough in this area because of nonlinear relationship between the concrete mix parameters. Finally, the sensitivity analysis (SA) for two different sets of parameters on the concrete compressive strength prediction are carried out.     

基于混料设计理论的透水混凝土骨料特征响应分析

骨料级配特征对透水混凝土配合比优化设计方法及其基本性能有较大影响.采用A,B,C 3种粒径的骨料进行混料设计试验,通过对大量的试验数据拟合与方差分析,建立了透水混凝土有效孔隙率、单位体积骨料颗粒数量、骨料比表面积、不同龄期抗压强度与骨料级配的关系式.研究结果对透水混凝土配合比设计方法优化和基本性能的预测具有重要的指导意义.     

再生粗骨料级配的分形特征

应用分形理论测定并分析了最大粒径不同时,不同分形维数的粗骨料级配对再生混凝土坍落度以及3,28 d抗压、抗折、劈拉强度的影响.结果表明:最大粒径不同时,同一级配分形维数对应的再生混凝土其工作性能及强度性能不同,因此,再生粗骨料的分形维数必须用最大粒径来限定.     

再生骨料高强高性能混凝土配制研究

通过对不同强度等级旧混凝土破碎而成的再生粗骨料与天然粗骨料性能的对比研究 ,表明再生粗骨料与天然粗骨料性能具有相似性 ,能够满足行业标准对碎石的性能要求 ,并尝试将再生粗骨料用于配制高强混凝土和自流平高性能混凝土 ,结果表明 ,采用原强度在 15～ 2 0MPa以上的旧混凝土破碎而成的再生骨料均可用于配制高强混凝土 ,但在配合比相近情况下 ,原混凝土强度等级越高 ,再生混凝土各龄期强度越高 ,其再生利用价值也越高。再生粗骨料亦可用于配制自流平高性能混凝土 ,水胶比为 0 4 0 ,净用水量为 2 0 5kg m3左右时 ,配制得到的新拌混凝土坍落度和坍落扩展度分别在 2 4 5、5 6 0mm以上 ,其 2 8、6 0d强度分别在 5 8 0、6 7 3MPa以上     

Effect of concrete mixing parameters on propagation of ultrasonic waves

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of concrete aggregate gradation, water–cement ratio, and curing time on measured ultrasonic wave velocity (UPV). 30 × 30 × 10 cm Portland cement concrete slabs were cast for ultrasonic evaluation, while 10 cm diameter by 20 cm height cylinders were cast for compressive strength evaluation The slabs and cylinders were prepared using Portland cement and limestone aggregate. Two slabs were cast from each combination of coarse aggregate gradations and water cement ratio (0.40, 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55). Four ASTM gradations were considered, ASTM No: 8, 67, 56, and 4. These gradations have nominal maximum aggregate size 25, 4.75, 19.3, and 12.5 mm, respectively.The ultrasonic equipment used in this study was the portable ultrasonic non-destructive digital indicating tester (PUNDIT) with a generator having an amplitude of 500 V producing 54 kHz waves. The time needed to transfer the signal between the transducers was recorded and used to calculate the signal velocity, which was used as a parameter in the evaluation. Ultrasonic measurements were performed at 3, 7, 28, and 90 days after concrete casting.The results of the analysis indicated that water–cement ratio was found to have a significant effect on UPV. The UPV was found to decrease with the increase of water cement ratio. Aggregate gradation was also found to have significant effect on UPV. In general, the larger the aggregate size used in preparing Portland cement concrete, the higher the measured velocity of ultrasonic waves. Also, UPV was found to be increased as concrete curing time increased. Concrete compressive strength was found to be significantly affected by water–cement ratio and coarse aggregate gradation. Lower water–cement ratio produced higher concrete strength. Also, the concrete compressive strength increased as maximum aggregate size decreased.     

再生骨料高性能混凝土收缩徐变对比试验研究

用不同粗骨料(石灰石碎石、再生粗骨料)、细骨料(河砂、人工砂、再生细骨料)两两相组合,共配制6组高性能混凝土进行对比试验,测试抗压强度、弹性模量、收缩和徐变4个性能指标并进行显著性分析。结果表明,骨料类型对高性能混凝土抗压强度的影响不明显,但对弹性模量、收缩和徐变性能都有显著影响。粗骨料对弹性模量和收缩性能的影响较为显著,细骨料对徐变的影响较为显著。再生粗骨料混凝土收缩、徐变早期发展较慢,而中后期的发展速度明显快于普通混凝土;再生细骨料混凝土收缩、徐变的发展速度始终远快于普通混凝土。在此基础上,提出了考虑粗、细骨料类型和骨料种类的高性能混凝土收缩和徐变的预测模型。     

基于2D随机骨料模型的C80混凝土参数分析

利用DIGIMAT和ABAQUS联合建立细观混凝土2D随机骨料模型,模拟了粗骨料的分布、形状、含量以及界面过渡区性能、孔隙率对C80高强度混凝土立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、弹性模量和劈裂抗拉强度的影响,并将模拟结果与各参数对低强度混凝土的影响进行比较。结果表明:粗骨料的分布模式对混凝土的基本力学性能几乎没有影响,不同分布形式下混凝土立方体抗压强度最大相对误差为4.18%; 不同形状的粗骨料对混凝土力学性能有着不同的影响,圆形和椭圆形状粗骨料的模拟结果与试验值更为接近; 不同骨料含量下混凝土立方体抗压强度呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,轴心抗压强度则是先减小后增加再减小,劈裂抗拉强度在粗骨料含量为33%时达到最大值4.61 MPa,之后便逐渐降低; 随着孔隙率的增加,混凝土立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度和弹性模量均逐渐减小,劈裂抗拉强度在孔隙率为1.5%时降低较多,孔隙率为2%时有所上升。     

A comparative study of concrete properties using coconut shell and palm kernel shell as coarse aggregates

The high cost of conventional building materials is a major factor affecting housing delivery in Nigeria. This has necessitated research into alternative materials of construction. This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out on the comparative cost analysis and strength characteristics of concrete produced using crushed, granular coconut and palm kernel shells as substitutes for conventional coarse aggregate in gradation of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Two mix ratios (1:1:2 and 1:2:4) were used. A total of 320 cubes of size 100×100×100 mm were cast, tested and their physical and mechanical properties determined. The results of the tests showed that the compressive strength of the concrete decreased as the percentage of the shells increased in the two mix ratios. However, concrete obtained from coconut shells exhibited a higher compressive strength than palm kernel shell concrete in the two mix proportions. The results also indicated cost reduction of 30% and 42% for concrete produced from coconut shells and palm kernel shells, respectively. Considering the strength/economy ratio, it was concluded that coconut shells were more suitable than palm kernel shells when used as substitute for conventional aggregates in concrete production.     

Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate

This paper reports the results of an experimental study on some of the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) as compared to those of the conventional normal aggregate concrete (NAC). Ten mixes of concrete with target compressive cube strength ranging from 20 to 50 MPa were cast using normal or recycled coarse aggregates. The development of the cube compressive strength and the indirect shear strength at ages of 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days, the compressive strength, the strains at maximum compressive stress and the modulus of elasticity tested by using concrete cylinders at 28 days are reported. The results show that the 28-day cube and cylinder compressive strength, and the indirect shear strength of recycled aggregate concrete were on the average 90% of those of natural aggregate concrete with the same mix proportions. For concrete with cylinder compressive strengths between 25 and 30 MPa, the modulus of elasticity of RAC was only 3% lower than that of NAC. The trends in the development of compressive and shear strength and the strain at peak stress in recycled aggregate concrete were similar to those in natural aggregate concrete.     

自密实混凝土粗骨料运动及静态离析的CFD数值模拟

采用移动刚体(GMO)方法,将新拌自密实混凝土(SCC)视为粗骨料与砂浆相混合的两相固液介质,对粗骨料运动及静态离析现象进行计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟.分析了砂浆的屈服应力和塑性黏度对粗骨料运动过程的影响,研究了3种级配的SCC中粗骨料在砂浆中的运动行为.结果表明:砂浆的屈服应力对SCC静态离析具有显著影响,而砂浆...     

基于BP神经网络混凝土抗压强度预测

在阐述BP人工神经网络原理的基础上,针对影响强度的主要因素,建立了多因子混凝土抗压强度3层BP网络模型,以每立方混凝土中水泥、高炉矿渣粉、粉煤灰、水、减水剂、粗集料和细集料含量及置放天数作为模型输入参数,混凝土抗压强度值作为模型的输出,对混凝土抗压强度进行了预测.实验结果表明:所建BP神经网络混凝土抗压强度预测模型最大...     

Effect of reducing coarse aggregates on concrete strength

This paper reports the results of experimental investigation carried out on the effect of reducing coarse aggregate (CA) quantity in mix proportions on the compressive strength of concrete. It also presents empirical formulas aimed at optimizing a concrete mix design for desert regions. Intensive laboratory experiment of 1350 samples of 30 different concrete mixes using three curing methods was carried out. The influences of the water/cement (W/C) ratio, coarse and fine aggregates (FA), CA/total aggregate (CA/TA) ratio, TA/C ratio, and curing methods (air curing, oven curing, and water curing) on the compressive strength of concrete were characterized and analyzed. Mathematical formula was developed for concrete strength as a function of CA quantity that ranges from the standard quantity to null, and another formula was developed for the quantity of FA as a function of compressive strength.     

含粗骨料超高性能混凝土力学性能试验研究

在超高性能混凝土（UHPC）中添加粗骨料是为了在获得优异的力学性能基础上,大幅降低生产成本,使其更容易被市场采纳。本文对UHPC-CA配合比中浆骨比、砂率、粗骨料种类及减水剂品种等因素进行调整,通过不同龄期抗压强度对比以及微观角度分析,探索各因素对UHPC-CA力学性能的影响。     

透水混凝土的配制

透水混凝土具有良好的透气性和透水性。试验中采用单粒级和双粒级卵石粗骨料,结果表明：透水混凝土的透水性和抗压强度与混凝土的孔隙率有关;单粒级粗骨料幅差越大,配制的透水混凝土强度越高,透水性越差;双粒级粗骨料配制的透水混凝土性能明显优于单粒级粗骨料,双粒级粗骨料的掺配存在最佳比例。     

混合应用天然与再生骨料混凝土的基本性能

对配合比相同和坍落度相同两种情况下,不同再生骨料掺入量混凝土的基本性能进行了系统的试验研究。试验中再生骨料的掺入量分别为0,25％,50％,75％和100％。试验结果表明,在配合比相同的情况下,随着再生骨料掺入量的增加．混凝土的工作性能以及回弹值、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度和弹性模量均有不同程度的降低。在坍落度相同的情况下,随着再生骨料掺入量的增加．混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量也均降低且较配合比相同的情况下降低更多。最后根据本文的试验结果,建议了两种情况下不同再生骨料掺入量混凝土的基本力学性能计算公式。并进一步对比了两种情况下得到的计算公式．结果表明,两种情况下得到的公式均可以用来描述不同再生骨料掺入量混凝土的基本力学性能。     

粗骨料对高性能混凝土抗压强度的影响

抗压强度为３０ＭＰａ的砼中，砼受压破坏时粗骨料是完整的没受到破坏。而高性能砼则由于砼强度比较高，砼破坏时粗骨料几乎完全断裂破坏。本文对不同品种的粗骨料在砼中的体积含量、最大粒径对砼强度的影响进行了试验，并根据试验结果得到了数学模型，用以评价不同品种粗骨料的性能     

不同取代率再生粗骨料混凝土的力学性能

系统研究了坍落度相同的情况下再生粗骨料取代率对混凝土基本性能的影响.试验中再生粗骨料的掺入量分别为0,30%,50%,70%和100%,通过调节用水量使各组混凝土达到相同的坍落度.主要研究了达到相同坍落度时混凝土的用水量以及再生粗骨料取代率对混凝土坍落度、立方体抗压强度、棱柱体抗压强度、峰值应变和泊松比、弹性模量、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度的影响.试验结果表明,再生粗骨料取代率对上述各性能指标均有一定影响,但程度不同.同时发现,除劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度外,普通混凝土各基本力学性能指标间的关系不适用各种再生骨料取代率的混凝土.     

高温后消防喷水再生混凝土残余抗压强度试验研究

为减少火灾对再生混凝土建筑物造成的损失,以再生粗集料取代率、历经最高温度为变化参数,设计了25组高温后消防喷水再生混凝土标准立方体试件进行单轴受压力学性能试验,观察了高温后消防喷水再生混凝土的表观特性和破坏过程,获取了质量烧失率、抗压强度等特征值,分析了各变化参数对高温后消防喷水再生混凝土残余抗压强度的影响规律。结果表明,高温后消防喷水再生混凝土的表面特征受历经最高温度的影响较为显著;试件的质量损失率随再生粗集料取代率的上升而降低,随历经最高温度的上升而上升;破坏形态与常温状态下的普通混凝土相似;抗压强度随历经温度的上升而下降,再生粗集料取代率的上升虽然降低了再生混凝土的受力性能,却增强了再生混凝土的耐高温能力;最后,获得了与试验结果吻合较好的高温后消防喷水混凝土抗压强度计算式。     

大粒径骨料钢纤维高强混凝土试验研究

进行了最大粒径为25,31.5 mm的连续级配碎石钢纤维高强混凝土试验,研究了碎石粒径、水灰比、钢纤维长度及体积分数对钢纤维混凝土拌和物坍落度和硬化钢纤维混凝土立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弯拉强度的影响规律,并与现行规程CECS38:2004《纤维混凝土结构技术规程》的相关强度计算公式进行了对比.结果表明:钢纤维在混凝土拌和物中的"棚架"效应将产生钢纤维混凝土拌和物坍落度减小的表象,在振动作用下该效应迅速瓦解而对试件成型影响较小;连续级配碎石最大粒径和钢纤维长度对钢纤维混凝土的抗压、劈裂抗拉强度影响较小,但对钢纤维混凝土弯拉强度的增强效果影响较大;可以采用现行规程确定最大粒径为31.5 mm的连续级配碎石钢纤维高强混凝土的抗压、劈裂抗拉强度,但弯拉强度的试验值则低于计算值.