一种基于投影不变量的目标交接改进方法

在多摄像机视频监控系统中,图像之间的视点对应以及目标的交接是重要的研究内容。不需要标定摄像机的参数,该文提出了一种利用尺度不变特征变换（SIFT：scale-invariant features transform）及融合颜色信息的投影不变量实现目标交接的方法。利用SIFT方法自动生成图像间匹配的特征点对,并由此生成视野分界线,然后利用融合颜色信息的投影不变量方法完成对多摄像机之间目标身份的确认。     

基于决策级融合的图像传感系统目标交接

目标交接是图像传感系统中的关键技术,针对基于特征融合目标交接算法中特征提取的不准确,提出基于决策级融合的多摄像机目标交接算法。将目标的每个特征作为一个证据,给出每个证据基本置信指派函数的构造方式。利用Dempster组合规则得到融合多个证据后的基本置信指派。利用融合决策规则来判断当前目标是否和辨识框架中的某个目标为同一个目标,完成目标交接,并给出目标在系统中唯一标识。多种场景仿真实验表明该算法可以准确地完成多摄像机目标交接。     

基于小波包变换的图像数字水印算法

提出一种基于小波包变换和人类视觉特性的自适应盲水印算法。该算法选择原始图像小波包变换的中频子带进行嵌入,提高了水印的容量和不可见性;采用双极性量化方法嵌入水印,根据嵌入强度自适应地确定量化步长,提取时无需使用原始图像。实验证明该算法对常见的图像处理攻击具有良好的鲁棒性,同时也很好地保证了水印的不可见性。     

基于彩色传递的红外与可见光图像融合方法

提出了一种基于小波分解和彩色传递理论的图像融合方法。在小波变换的基础上，采用一种融合方法对红外和可见光图像进行融合处理；基于色空间变换对灰度融合图像进行彩色传递，实现灰度到彩色图像的转变。实验表明彩色传递图像的色彩接近自然景物颜色，优于传统的假彩色方法，更有利于人眼对目标和环境的判断识别。     

复杂背景条件下的红外快速运动小目标检测方法

针对复杂背景下红外快速运动小目标检测问题,提出一种将时域特性分析、小波包变换和管道滤波多帧检测相结合的方法。该方法首先对图像进行时域特性分析确定目标所在帧图像序列,再利用小波包变换对目标所在帧图像进行多尺度分解,提取候选目标,然后通过管道滤波从候选目标中确定小目标的位置,完成对小目标的检测。对实测数据进行仿真实验,结果表明该方法能有效检测红外快速运动小目标。     

一种基于支持向量机和遗传算法的自适应图像水印方法

提出一种基于支持向量机(SVM)和遗传算法(GA)的离散余弦变换(DCT)域盲数字图像水印方法.该方法能自适应于图像的局部特征.依据图像块的局部特性,利用SVM对图像块分类,自适应地确定水印嵌入强度,GA用来优化水印嵌入位置.实验结果表明该方法有较好的不可见性和较强对抗攻击的鲁棒性.     

一种基于图像质量评价准则的FRFT水印算法

数字水印技术已成为为信息安全和版权保护的一种有效方法。数字水印一般要满足不可见性和鲁棒性，这就要求要有一个合适的水印嵌入强度。当前大多数水印方法普遍采用实验方法来确定嵌入水印的强度因子。本文分析了基于分数阶傅立叶变换（FRFT）的加性水印算法，采用峰值信噪比（PSNR）作为图像质量的评价准则，从理论上分析了分数阶傅里叶变换图像数字水印算法中嵌入水印的最大强度，并用仿真验证了分析结果。     

基于PCNN和最优化评价准则的曲波域图像融合

利用曲波变换能够准确捕获图像高维奇异信息的特点,提出了一种在曲波域中基于脉冲耦合神经网络和最优化评价准则的图像融合方法。该方法用曲波变换对输入图像进行多尺度分解,再利用脉冲耦合神经网络的全局耦合特性对高频子带曲波系数进行选取,定义图像融合的目标函数,根据最优化目标函数确定低频曲波系数的融合权值,进行曲波逆变换得到融合图像。实验结果以及与其他算法的比较分析表明了算法的有效性和优越性。     

图像块的自适应均衡水印算法

目的 针对水印算法通常利用实验确定强度参数,实验工作量大并且具有随机性,得到的参数无法较好地均衡水印不可见性和鲁棒性,提出一种基于图像块的自适应均衡水印算法。方法 利用尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）提取原始图像中鲁棒性强的特征点作为水印嵌入区域,将提取的嵌入区域分成4个大小相等且互不重叠的图像块,并对各图像块进行奇异值分解（SVD）,得到与各块相应的奇异值矩阵,各块与水印做一级离散小波变换后产生的各子带相叠加,生成嵌入加密水印块,重组得到水印矩阵,降维后将特征点还原到原始图像。根据果蝇优化算法（FOA）中适应度函数迭代确定加密水印强度参数,构造水印图像的自适应嵌入,来均衡水印的不可见性和鲁棒性,水印检测可直接作用在受攻击后的图像上,无需校正恢复。结果 对标准灰度图像进行多组实验,得到含水印图像峰值信噪比均达到43dB以上;对水印载体图像分别进行噪声、压缩、剪切、旋转仿真攻击实验,提取水印图像与原始水印图像的归一化相关系数都达到0.94以上。结论 SIFT算法实现图像块局部嵌入,提取特征点稳定性强,结合SVD算法使水印嵌入性能良好,利用FOA算法自适应确定最优参数,使水印图像嵌入效果达到最佳状态,最终均衡了水印的不可见性和鲁棒性。     

基于频谱统计特性的地物目标跟踪算法

根据傅里叶变换特性,图像在发生尺度、旋转、光照变化时频域内会产生相应变化。针对该特点,将频域信息转换到极坐标系中,通过半径统计度量得到一维不变量用于地物目标跟踪算法,利用角度统计度量判断目标尺度变换,从而确定目标模板更新准则。实验结果表明,该算法对发生尺度、旋转、光照变化的图像有较好的跟踪性能,且相比Nprod, SSAD算法,其跟踪精度较高、耗时较少。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.