有机高分子在无机材料中的热解机理及其表观活化能谱的…

为探讨有机－无机高分子烧结合金的形成机理，用微量热重分析仪测定了不同环境条件下液体酚醛和煤沥青的热解谱图，并应用“表观活化能谱”的新概念分析了其热解机理，揭示了该有机材料在大量无机材料环境条件下的热解、成炭及其对无机材料烧结的作用规律。为有机－无机高分子烧结合金的研究提供了可靠的理论依据。     

增强型有机—无机高分子烧结合金形成机理的研究

将超细高纯α－ＳｉＣ／短碳纤维／有机高分子复合，并在高纯氩气保护下高温烧结。获得了高性能的烧结型复合材料。通过透射电镜，扫描电镜和电子衍射，考察分析了该新型复合材料的形成机理，并通过“ＳｉＣ－Ｃ共烧结体”的概念给亚微观结构模型。用高温热失重曲线的表观自觉自愿化能谱分析了不同有机高分子在高温下与ＳｉＣ的相互作用机理。     

高分子基气体分离膜材料研究进展

在简要介绍气体分离膜分离机理的基础上,详细介绍了高分子和有机-无机复合两类气体分离膜材料及其分离性能,其中高分子膜材料主要包括聚酰亚胺、硅橡胶、聚砜、醋酸纤维素、聚吡咯,有机-无机复合膜材料主要包括无机粒子填充高分子、有机-无机杂化,并对高分子基气体分离膜材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

核壳式无机-高分子纳米复合粒子的形成机理与表征技术

简要介绍了一种制备核壳式无机－高分子纳米复合粒子的方法－乳液聚合，概述了核壳式无机－高分子纳米复合粒子的形成机理及其表征技术。     

Ti-O/Ti-N复合薄膜的离子束合成及人工心脏瓣膜材料表面改性研究

采用离子束增强沉积（ＩＢＥＤ）等方法在热解碳、钛及钴合金等人工心脏瓣膜材料表面制备Ｔｉ－Ｏ、Ｔｉ－Ｎ及其复合薄膜。对薄膜的成分、结构进行了研究，测定了材料的电阻率，对薄膜材料的血液相容性和力学性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明：合成薄膜具有优于热解碳的血液相容性和力学性能，提出了材料的血液相容性机理模型。     

纳米结构聚苯胺及其复合气敏材料研究进展

综述了近十年来聚苯胺导电高分子及其复合物气敏材料的研究进展。重点介绍了纳米结构聚苯胺、聚苯胺与有机高分子复合材料、聚苯胺与纳米结构无机半导体或金属等复合材料的气敏响应特性及敏感机理。讨论了影响聚苯胺基纳米复合材料气敏性能的主要因素,包括复合材料的纳米结构、制备工艺,以及有机高分子,无机半导体及金属等复合材料和检测气体的性质等,提出这类高分子复合气敏材料今后发展的趋势与前景。     

含无机粒子的多组分高分子体系:结构形成及应用

与传统的共聚物增容相比,无机粒子能够以较低的成本实现多组分高分子材料的高性能化及功能化,在新型材料的制备方面具有巨大的潜力,因此引起了学术界及产业界的广泛兴趣。该领域研究核心问题在于揭示纳米粒子对多组分高分子材料在加工条件下的形态控制机理。结合作者课题组的相关工作,从平衡增容和非平衡增容的角度,分别综述了国内外近年来在含无机粒子的多组分材料的结构形成机理及演化规律等方面的理论及实验研究进展,讨论了该领域研究中在实验现象及机理解释等方面存在的主要分歧与问题,建议下一步需要在粒子细节特性、流场条件、实验手段以及研究体系等方面深化研究。最后,对含无机粒子多组分高分子材料在导热/导电、能源、生物等功能材料制备领域中的一些潜在应用进行了简单介绍。     

废有机-无机复合材料热解回收技术现状与展望

有机-无机复合材料是一种将高分子材料与其他无机物质通过特定方式结合而成的具有一定特性的功能材料,已广泛应用于工业、建筑、电子、交通等领域.然而,由于材料自身寿命和性能的衰减等因素,有机-无机复合材料将面临因性能衰弱而导致的大量周期性报废问题.传统的处理技术如堆积、填埋、机械分离、湿法冶金和焚化发电不仅会对环境造成较大的影响,而且无法充分利用复合材料自身的剩余价值.因此,如何实现有机-无机复合材料的高效、环保、高值化回收再利用成为了当前研究热点问题之一.热解法较现有常规技术在废有机-无机复合材料回收上兼具环保与经济性,近年来受到持续关注.本文以我国产生量大、处理难度高、资源化潜力好的废漆包线、废线路板、废旧轮胎和废风机叶片四种典型有机-无机复合材料为主要对象,梳理总结了国内外热解回收技术最新研究成果,提出当前研究中亟待解决的主要问题并对未来将要进行的工作进行了展望,以期为该领域的进一步研究提供参考.     

有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备与界面特性

有机－无机纳米复合材料是一种新型功能材料，本文综述了有机－无机纳米复合材料的界面特性、与界面效应相关的制备，并对有机－无机纳米复合材料的研究前景进行了展望。     

模拟锻钢成分的粉末冶金钢

美国辉加耐斯公司开发出一种高强度粉末冶金铁合金。Ancorsteel 4300是这一系列合金的第一个品种，它拥有锻钢成分，可在普通温度下烧结。这一新的合金系是专为解决含铬合金经常遇到的氧化问题而开发出来的。此外，粉末的合金组分为烧结条件下的最佳材料及最低成本提供了基础。     

A density functional theory study on the degradation mechanism of thin film of organic semiconductor by water molecules

Hybrid density functional theory calculations have been carried out for the organic-inorganic hybrid complex of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (NTCDA) with an indium atom (In) to elucidate the degradation mechanism of thin films of molecular organic semiconductors by water molecules. This compound has been used as an organic semiconductor. The band gap of NTCDA was calculated to be as high as 3.39 eV as a single molecule, whereas a new band of NTCDA was formed as low-lying excited state (1.64 eV) after the interaction with the In atom. The water molecule attacked preferentially the In atom of In-NTCDA, and the solvation structure was formed around the In atom (solvation). Further addition of a water molecule to the system, the In atom is stripped off from NTCDA by water molecules, and solvation shell around the In atom is formed (separated solvation). The hydrogen-bond network was broken by the formation of solvation shell. The mechanism of degradation of the electron conductivity has been discussed on the basis of theoretical results.     

快速升温条件下聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的燃烧机理

用色谱和质谱研究了快速升温条件下PMMA以及单体MMA在空气和氩气中的不同温度下的热反应，推测了PMMA在空气中燃烧的主要历程。结果表明，在快速升温条件下，PMMA首先降解为单体MMA，而后MMA分解，生成甲醇、甲烷、丙烯、2-甲基丙烯和丙酮等可燃性气态小分子，最后气态小分子与氧反应发生燃烧。在较高温度下，MMA也可直接与氧反应，生成丙酮酸甲酯、甲醛和丙酮，但此反应在PMMA的燃烧历程中处于次要地位。     

Ultralong Phosphorescence of Water‐Soluble Organic Nanoparticles for In Vivo Afterglow Imaging

Afterglow or persistent luminescence eliminates the need for light excitation and thus circumvents the issue of autofluorescence, holding promise for molecular imaging. However, current persistent luminescence agents are rare and limited to inorganic nanoparticles. This study reports the design principle, synthesis, and proof‐of‐concept application of organic semiconducting nanoparticles (OSNs) with ultralong phosphorescence for in vivo afterglow imaging. The design principle leverages the formation of aggregates through a top‐down nanoparticle formulation to greatly stabilize the triplet excited states of a phosphorescent molecule. This prolongs the particle luminesce to the timescale that can be detected by the commercial whole‐animal imaging system after removal of external light source. Such ultralong phosphorescent of OSNs is inert to oxygen and can be repeatedly activated, permitting imaging of lymph nodes in living mice with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. This study not only introduces the first category of water‐soluble ultralong phosphorescence organic nanoparticles but also reveals a universal design principle to prolong the lifetime of phosphorescent molecules to the level that can be effective for molecular imaging.     

液体灌封高压蓄能电容器失效机理的研究

研究了高压能电容器放置后,其浸渍剂,有机介质性能的变化,分析了浸渍剂,有机介质在电容器失效过程中的变化机理,提出解决高压能电容器失效的方法。     

新型有机电致荧光材料研究进展

有机发光二极管因独特的优势被看作新一代的照明及平面显示技术,引起了研究人员的广泛关注。传统的荧光材料仅能利用单重态激子发光,因而效率并不理想。近年来,能够利用三重态激子能量发光的新型荧光材料的研究实现了新的突破。按照三重态激子到单重态激子的转化机理,荧光材料可以分为三重态-三重态湮灭、热致延迟荧光和局域电荷转移杂化激发态三种特殊类型。本文围绕着这几种类型的荧光材料展开了探讨,介绍了有机电致荧光器件的概况以及不同类型荧光材料的发光机理,并从分子设计的角度说明了高性能发光器件的设计思路。     

自组装制备有机/无机层状复合材料

自然界中形成的生物材料在结构和性能上具有优异的配备性。模仿生物矿化的形成机制,利用自组装原理能够仿生合成出性能优良和具有多级结构特点的有机/无机界面层状复合材料。本文在总结近年来最新研究的成果上,简要介绍了自组装和生物矿化的机理,重点阐述了基于无机相层的自组装和以有机大分子为模板自组装制备有机／无机层状复合材料两种合成连径,并对未来的发展趋势做了展望。     

二次加工脆性的试验方法及其应用

针对高强度汽车用钢板成形后出现的脆性现象,从脆性产生的原因和脆性测定的基本原理出发,讨论了测定其二次加工脆性的试验方法和评判指标,以及影响其测定结果的装置方面因素;相应开发了一种试验装置,进行了相关的试验,试验结果表明,该测试装置可以较好地用来测定薄钢板的二次加工脆性。     

Organic tailored batteries materials using stable open-shell molecules with degenerate frontier orbitals

Secondary batteries using organic electrode-active materials promise to surpass present Li-ion batteries in terms of safety and resource price. The use of organic polymers for cathode-active materials has already achieved a high voltage and cycle performance comparable to those of Li-ion batteries. It is therefore timely to develop approaches for high-capacity organic materials-based battery applications. Here we demonstrate organic tailored batteries with high capacity by using organic molecules with degenerate molecular orbitals (MOs) as electrode-active materials. Trioxotriangulene (TOT), an organic open-shell molecule, with a singly occupied MO (SOMO) and two degenerate lowest-unoccupied MOs (LUMOs) was investigated. A tri-tert-butylated derivative ((t-Bu)(3)TOT)exhibited a high discharge capacity of more than 300 A h kg(-1), exceeding those delivered by Li-ion batteries. A tribrominated derivative (Br(3)TOT) was also shown to increase the output voltage and cycle performance up to 85% after 100 cycles of the charge-discharge processes.     

磁力显微镜在磁性材料领域的应用

磁力显微镜是种新发展起来的用于研究物质磁性的重要技术。本文简要地介绍了ＭＦＭ的基本工作原理、影响分辨率的主要因素，以及ＭＦＭ在磁记录体系，磁性薄膜和铁磁学基本现象研究方面的应用情况。本文还报道了ＭＦＭ在有机铁磁体和生物分子磁性研究方面应用的重要意义及其发展趋势。     

Molecular recognition in monolayers and species detection by surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy

The current emphasis in efforts to produce systems capable of highly specific molecular recognition has produced a wide variety of compounds such as crown ethers, cryptands, cyclodextrins and other inclusion systems. A more desirable approach, and one obviating laborious organic synthesis, would be based upon a mechanism more like that seen in the in vivo antigen-antibody reaction. Sites having the capability for specific molecular recognition based on a predetermined template molecule would allow realization of systems of the desired specificity. The technique of cosorption of a silane and a surface-active molecule onto a glass surface has been comprehensively described by Sagiv and by Maoz and Sagiv and has indicated the feasibility of this approach, e.g. with surface-active dyes. In the present study, adsorbed monolayers were produced with sites based on chosen template molecules, using the Sagiv method, and the systems then reconstituted with the original template molecule as well with molecules of closely similar structure (i.e. porphyrins or chlorophylls). A high degree of recognition was evidenced, as shown by the use of surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy as the detection tool. It was also shown that chemically dissimilar species can be reconstituted into sites formed by other species, provided that the molecular shapes are compatible. The ease of resorption into performed sites is strongly dependent on the presence of amphiphilic character in the molecule re-entering a site.