溴氰菊酯乳油中顺式二溴菊酰氯的高效液相色谱分析

[目的]建立一种测定溴氰菊酯乳油中顺式二溴菊酰氯杂质含量的高效液相色谱分析技术。[方法]采用CHIRALPAK^?AD-H不锈钢柱和DAD检测器,以异辛烷∶1,4-二氧六环(体积比90∶10)为流动相,在210 nm波长下对顺式二溴菊酰氯进行分析定量测定。[结果]顺式二溴菊酰氯的线性相关系数R²为0.9996,标准偏差为0.0013,变异系数RSD为2.71%,平均回收率为87.85%。[结论]该方法操作简单,分离效果良好,具有较高的准确度和精密度,线性关系良好,适用于50 g/L溴氰菊酯乳油中顺式二溴菊酰氯杂质的定量分析。     

驱蚊蚊帐的制备和表征

采用氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂处理涤纶蚊帐,然后将处理后的蚊帐浸泡在添加溴氰菊酯悬浮液的聚氨酯胶粘剂乳液中,室温固化得到表面含有溴氰菊酯的蚊帐,该蚊帐具有驱蚊效果。利用紫外可见吸收光谱可以非常简便地测定蚊帐中溴氰菊酯含量。     

氧化镁非均相催化合成3-巯基丙酸

以1,4-二氧六环为溶剂,丙烯酸和硫化氢在自制氧化镁催化下合成3-巯基丙酸,产物经XRD、GC-MS和IR确证。合成3-巯基丙酸的适宜条件为:1,4-二氧六环为溶剂,反应温度80℃,H2S压力0.3 MPa,n(催化剂)∶n(丙烯酸)=0.2∶1,V(1,4-二氧六环)∶V(丙烯酸)=5∶0.2,反应时间5 h。在此条件下,丙烯酸转化率为98.8%,3-巯基丙酸选择性为36.2%,3-巯基丙酸收率为35.6%。     

二硝基蒽醌的高效液相色谱分析方法

建立了二硝基蒽醌的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。以乙腈、水、二氧六环为流动相(体积比为43∶52∶5),流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长254 nm。二硝基蒽醌和1-硝基蒽醌的精密度分别为0.36%和5.98%。该方法简单可靠、分离效果好,精密度高。     

近临界水体系中添加物促进的二甘醇脱水环化研究

考察了一缩二乙二醇(又名二甘醇DEG)在近临界水体系中两种不同添加物存在下的反应活性,并测定了在不同时间、温度、物料/水比、压力以及添加物浓度下二甘醇脱水环化产物-1,4-二氧六环(Dioxane)的产率.实验结果表明,在无任何添加物存在的近临界水体系中,二甘醇可以进行环化脱水生成1,4-二氧六环,但产率相对较低.当温度为340℃,反应时间为240 min,1,4-二氧六环的产率仅为9.84 %(wt).向反应体系引入ZnCl2,所得1,4-二氧六环产率较纯水条件下有很大提高.在浓度为0.5 %(wt) 的ZnCl2 溶液中,当温度为340℃,反应时间为120 min,1,4-二氧六环的产率最高可达50.89 % (wt);在浓度为1.0 %(wt) ZnCl2 溶液中,相同反应温度和时间下,1,4-二氧六环的产率最高可达36.18 %(wt).在相同反应条件下,向反应体系中引入Na2CO3,二甘醇几乎没有转化,检测不到1,4-二氧六环.根据产物产率变化规律和传统条件下二甘醇脱水机理,提出了近临界水中引入少量添加物情况下DEG脱水反应可能的反应历程.     

高效液相色谱法测定香精中甲醛的含量

使用高效液相色谱测定了香精中甲醛的含量。香精中的甲醛经2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生化形成2,4-二硝基苯腙后,以乙腈提取,然后采用高效液相色谱测定。色谱柱:WatersNova-pakC18(4μm,3.9mm×150mm);柱温:30℃;流动相∶乙腈-水(体积比为45∶55);检测波长352.0nm;运行时间:9min;流速:1mL/min。甲醛在0.01～10μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998,回收率在96.6%～107.9%范围内,相对标准偏差为2.7%,检测限为26.4ng/g。该方法可满足香精中甲醛的检验工作。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中防腐剂

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中山梨酸、苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯等6种防腐剂,用ZorbaxODS(5μm,4 6mmi d ×150mm)柱,V(磷酸二氢钾)∶V(乙腈)为90∶10作流动相,加入磷酸调pH值为2 0,检测波长为254nm。样品用乙醇-水-冰乙酸(体积比为70∶29 5∶0 5)提取,回收率为90 8%～105 7%,相对标准偏差为3 1%～8 5%。     

N-羟基丁二酰亚胺的合成新工艺研究

以盐酸羟胺、三乙胺和丁二酸酐为原料,以1,4-二氧六环和少量的水为溶剂,EDTA三钠盐为稳定剂,以1-羟基苯并三氮唑(HOBT)为催化剂,一步反应制得标题化合物。当n(盐酸羟胺)∶n(丁二酸酐)∶n(EDTA三钠盐)∶n(1-羟基苯并三氮唑)=1.01∶1∶0.000 3∶0.01,溶剂V(二氧六环)∶V(水)=20∶1,中和反应温度为20℃,后续反应温度为120℃,反应时间为6 h时,高真空除水,反应收率达87.5%,产品纯度≥99.6%。     

茚虫威的高效液相色谱分析方法

用高效液相色谱法测定了番茄中茚虫威的残留量。色谱柱:采用SymmestryC18(4.0mm×250mm,4μm);流动相:水-甲醇-乙腈(体积比为22∶41∶37);保留时间为7.5min;回收率在82.5%￣102.4%范围内。     

离子液体催化氧化萘合成1,4-萘醌的研究

研究了离子液体催化氧化萘合成1,4-萘醌的反应,考察了氧化剂用量、离子液体用量、助溶剂对反应的影响。结果表明,当过氧化氢与萘的摩尔比为28.6∶1,乙酸与萘的摩尔比为30∶1,环己烷用量为乙酸用量的1/12(V/V),离子液体用量为双氧水和萘总重量的1%时,萘的转化率为77.78%,1,4-萘醌的收率可达28.14%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。