Filter Capacity Predictions for the Capture of Magnetic Microparticles by High-Gradient Magnetic Separation

We present experimental and theoretical methods to predict maximum and working filter capacities for the capture of superparamagnetic microparticles through high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS). For this, we employed various combinations of nine different HGMS filter matrices and two types of superparamagnetic microparticles. By calculating the separated particle mass per filter mesh area, we clearly demonstrated the influences of wire diameter and wire mesh spacing on the particle build-up density. Here, we introduce a simple experimental method for estimating average build-up densities in HGMS. Together with known physical parameters of the filter matrix and the background field, such average build-up densities allow good predictions of the operational working filter capacities.      

Magnetic Interaction Force and a Couple on a Superconducting Sphere in an Arbitrary Dipole Field

The calculation of the magnetostatic potential and levitation force due to a point magnetic dipole placed in front of a superconducting sphere in the Meissner state is readdressed. Closed-form analytical expression for the scalar potential function that yields the image system for an arbitrarily oriented magnetic dipole located in the vicinity of a superconducting sphere is given. Analytic expression for the lifting or levitation force acting on the sphere is extracted from the solution for a general dipole. A special case of our expression where the initial magnetic dipole makes an angle with the z-axis is derived. Our expression for the force in this particular case shows that a recently obtained result (J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 21:93–96, 2008) for an arbitrary dipole is incorrect. A brief discussion of another erroneous result (J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 15:257–262, 2002) for a transverse/tangential dipole–sphere configuration, corrected elsewhere recently, is reproduced. Correct expressions for the interaction energy with some limiting cases are also provided. The result derived here demonstrates that the value of the levitation force for a dipole that makes an angle with z-axis lies between the values for a radial dipole–sphere and transverse dipole–sphere configurations providing upper and lower bounds. It is found that for a magnetic dipole making an angle with z-axis, there exits a second force component along the negative y-direction, which influences a couple acting on the superconducting sphere. It is also shown that the couple is proportional to the second force component and that both the couple and second force components vanish for a radial dipole–sphere and transverse dipole–sphere configurations, respectively. These results appear to be new and have not had received due attention in the context of superconductivity.     

Setting up High Gradient Magnetic Separation for combating eutrophication of inland waters

To find new approaches to devise technologies for handling with eutrophication of inland waters is a global challenge. Separation of the P from water under conditions of continuous flow is proposed as an alternative and effective method. This work is based on using highly magnetic particles as the seeding adsorbent material and their later removal from solution by High Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS). Contrast to other methods based on batch conditions, large volumes of water can be easily handled by HGMS because of decreasing retention times. This study identifies the best working conditions for removing P from solution by investigating the effects of a set of four different experimental variables: sonication time, flow rate (as it determines the retention time of particles in the magnetic field), magnetic field strength and the iron (Fe) particles/P concentration ratio. Additionally, the change of P removal efficiency with time (build up effect) and the possibility of reusing magnetic particles were also studied. Our results evidenced that while flow rate does not significantly affect P removal efficiency in the range 0.08-0.36 mL s(-1), sonication time, magnetic field strength and the Fe particles/P concentration ratio are the main factors controlling magnetic separation process.     

富铁相形态对电磁净化效率的影响

研究了Al-2?初生富铁相形貌的改变对电磁分离效率的影响.以Mn作为变质剂来改变富铁相形态,当摩尔比Mn/Fe=1.3～1.5时,富铁相由针状转变为规则的块状或球状.分别在变质前后进行电磁分离试验,并且分析了试样不同部位的微观组织,试验表明:变质后,富铁相的形貌有利于在熔体中迁移,并且电磁净化的效率比变质前提高了20%,可达到90%以上.     

The Vortex-Magnetic Dipole Interaction in the London Approximation

The interaction between a vortex in a superconducting film and a magnetic dipole with in- or out-of-plane magnetization is studied within the London approximation. We investigate the magnetic pinning properties of such magnetic dipoles. The dependence of the interaction energy on the parameters of the system is investigated and analytical results are obtained in limiting cases.     

富铁相形态对电磁净化效率的影响

研究了Al-2％Fe初生富铁相形貌的改变对电磁分离效率的影响。以Mn作为变质剂来改变富铁相形态，当摩尔比Mn／Fe=1．3～1．5时，富铁相由针状转变为规则的块状或球状。分别在变质前后进行电磁分离试验，并且分析了试样不同部位的微观组织，试验表明：变质后，富铁相的形貌有利于在熔体中迁移，并且电磁净化的效率比变质前提高了20％，可达到90％以上。     

Continuous Flow Low Gradient Magnetophoresis of Magnetic Nanoparticles: Separation Kinetic Modelling and Simulation

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - In recent years, magnetophoresis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been emerged as one of the most appealing separation technologies in water...     

Effects of Dipole Interaction on the Collapse-revival Phenomenon of Rabi Oscillations

Abstract

The sensitivity of the collapse-revival phenomenon of Rabi oscillations of two identical atoms to dipole-dipole interaction is brought out by deriving the analytical expression of the excitation probability of two interacting atoms in a coherent field. We study this effect in a two-photon model in which the time evolution is exactly periodic.     

Bead Capture on Magnetic Sensors in a Microfluidic System

The accumulation of magnetic beads by gravitational sedimentation and magnetic capture on a planar Hall-effect sensor integrated in a microfluidic channel is studied systematically as a function of the bead concentration, the fluid flow rate, and the sensor bias current. It is demonstrated that the sedimentation flux is proportional to the bead concentration and has a power law relation to the fluid flow rate. The mechanisms for the bead accumulation are investigated and it is found that gravitational sedimentation dominates the bead accumulation, whereas the stability of the sedimented beads against the fluid flow is defined by the localized magnetic fields from the sensor.      

Magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B/FeMn multilayer films

[Nd–Fe–B(x nm)/FeMn(d nm)]_n thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on Si (100) substrates heated at 650 °C. The influence of the composition and thickness of FeMn layer on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B films are investigated. The Nd–Fe–B/FeMn multilayer films present an enhanced coercivity and a reduced saturation magnetization, in comparison with those of a Nd–Fe–B single layer. The coercivity of [Nd–Fe–B(x nm)/FeMn(5 nm)]_n films increases with increasing the period number of FeMn layer for the same thickness of magnetic layer, while the coercivity in [Nd–Fe–B(50 nm)/FeMn(5 nm)]_n films increases with decreasing the period number of Nd–Fe–B/FeMn bilayers. The coercivity H_c of about 17.2 kOe is achieved in the Nd–Fe–B(50 nm)/FeMn(5 nm) film.     

Soft Magnetic Properties of Obliquely Deposited Co–Zr–O Films

We have studied obliquely sputtered Co-Zr-O films. We found that oblique deposition gives rise to the formation of columnar morphology and thus higher perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the films, which finally results in the occurrence of stripe domains and degradation of soft magnetic properties. Applying substrate bias during Co-Zr-O film deposition gave some improvement in magnetic softness with small slope angles, but did not provide any improvement for large angles. Using a multilayer structure Co-Zr-O/ZrO₂ effectively eliminates the columnar structure and helps the films regain favorable soft magnetic properties.     

Experimental Study on the Effect of Cooling Rate on the Secondary Phase in As‐Cast Mg–Gd–Y–Zr Alloy

The effect of cooling rate on the composition, morphology, size, and volume fraction of the secondary phase in as‐cast Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy is investigated. In the study, a casting containing five steps with thickness of 10–50 mm is produced, in which cooling rate ranging from 2.6 to 11.0 K s^?1 is created. The secondary phase is characterized using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron probe micro‐analyzer (EPMA). The volume fraction of the secondary phase is determined using OM and quantitative metallographic analysis, and Vickers hardness test is conducted to verify the analysis results. The effect of the cooling rate on the volume fraction of the secondary phase is discussed in detail. The result shows that with the increase of the cooling rate, the size of the secondary phase decreases. The effect of the cooling rate on the volume fraction of the secondary phase is complicated somewhat. A comprehensive analysis on the experimental data shows that a critical cooling rate may exist, over which the volume fraction of the secondary phase decreases with the increase of the cooling rate, however under which the volume fraction increases with the increase of the cooling rate.

     

Effect of initial temper on the creep behavior of a Mg–Gd–Nd–Zr alloy

The effect of initial temper on the tensile creep behavior of a cast Mg–Gd–Nd–Zr alloy has been investigated. Specimens in unaged, underaged and peak-aged conditions exhibit a sigmoidal creep stage between the primary and steady-state creep stage, while the overaged specimens have no such creep stage. Transmission electron microscope observations revealed that sigmoidal creep stage was induced by the dynamic precipitation in the microstructure, and the rapid formation of β₁-phase and β-phase plates takes responsibility for the softening of material in this stage. Comparative evaluation of creep properties of the specimens showed that alloy in overaged condition had creep resistance superior to those in other conditions. Stress and temperature dependence of the steady-state creep rate were studied over a temperature range of 250–300 °C and stress range of 50–100 MPa, and a dislocation creep mechanism was proposed for the alloy.     

Effect of the extrusion conditions on microstructure evolution of the extruded Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloy rods

Hot extrusion experiment was conducted using an Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloy and the effect of the extrusion conditions on microstructure and texture changes through the radial direction was investigated by using SEM/EBSP analysis method. In the surface layer where severe frictional shear deformation is predominant, the recrystallized 1 1 0//ED grains surrounded by high angle grain boundaries are formed in spite of the existence of some peripheral overcoarse grains. Strong 1 0 0//ED and 1 1 1//ED fiber textures evolve in the center where axisymmetric deformation along the extrusion direction is intensive. As the extrusion ratio increases, number of 1 1 1//ED grains remarkably decreases while the number of 1 0 0//ED grains apparently increases. It is also found that the 1 0 0//ED grains surrounded by low angle grain boundaries form orientation colonies in the center of the extruded rods.     

导叶式旋风管入口颗粒粒度分布对分离效率的影响

为深入研究导叶式旋风管的分离机理,用不同粒度分布的SiO2颗粒对分离总效率与粒级效率进行了对比研究。实验结果表明:入口颗粒的粒度分布不但对旋风管的分离总效率有影响,而且对粒级效率也有较大影响;不同粒径大小的颗粒在旋风管中的分离机理不同。     

Effect of cryorolling on microstructure of Al–Mg–Si alloy

The microstructural evolution of a precipitation hardenable Al–Mg–Si alloy subjected to cryorolling at different stain levels is reported in this present work. The cryorolled Al 6063 alloy were characterized by using SEM/EBSD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The phase identification of the cryorolled Al alloy samples were carried out by XRD. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the influence of strain on precipitate evolution in Al–Mg–Si alloy. The formation of ultrafine grains and very fine sub grains in the grain interior, with a strain value of 3.6, is observed in the Al–Mg–Si alloy.     

旋流过滤器分离效率的数值模拟结果分析

利用计算流体力学Fluent软件,采用RNG k-ε模型对旋流过滤器内流场进行模拟,得到旋流过滤器的液-固两相流场,通过改变操作参数对液固分离效率进行对比研究。结果表明,随着入口流量的增大,旋流过滤器的液固分离效率不断提高,入口流量达到3 m3/h后,液固分离效率提高不明显;随着底流率的增大,旋流过滤器的液固分离效率不断提高,底流率达到25%后,液固分离效率提高幅度大大减小;随着固体颗粒粒径的增大,旋流过滤器的液固分离效率不断提高。