FUNCTIONALITY OF MILK PROTEINS AND CORN GERM PROTEIN FLOUR IN COMMINUTED MEAT PRODUCTS1

Effects of corn germ protein flour (CGPF), nonfat dry milk (NFDM), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and sodium caseinate (SC) on quality characteristics of comminuted meat products were studied. Water holding capacity (WHC) was lowest and cooking loss was highest for the control formulation, whereas formulations extended with CGPF and milk proteins were higher in WHC and lower in cooking losses. Shear force and firmness increased as extenders were added, except WPC. All frankfurters with extenders were firmer than the control, except those extended with WPC. Hue angle was highest for samples with CGPF, while no differences were found in hue angle between control and milk proteins containing samples, except samples with WPC. Frankfurters with CGPF and SC add had a stronger atypical aroma than the control. Meaty aroma score was higher for the control than for the other products, except those with WPC. Meaty flavor score was higher for the control than for all other products. The product with CGPF added had a stronger atypical flavor than the control. Frankfurters containing extenders were not as juicy as the all-meat control.     

SOY AND MEAT PROTEINS AS FOOD EMULSION STABILIZERS 1. VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF CORN OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS INCORPORATING SOY OR MEAT PROTEINS

The creep compliance-time response of 50% (wt/wt) corn oil-in-water emulsions has been studied at a constant stress of 47.8 dyne cm⁻² over the pH range 2.5–7.5. The emulsions were stabilised by acid precipitated (APSP), 7S(7SPRF) or 11S(11SPRF) soy protein fractions, water soluble (WSMP) or salt soluble (SSMP) meat protein fractions. All the emulsions exhibited viscoelasticity. WSMP emulsions exhibited the highest initial viscoelasticity parameter values and this was attributed to the strong interlinking of WSMP loops adsorbed on the surfaces of adjacent oil drops. The parameter values of all the emulsions increased during the first 5–7 days storage and then they decreased. At any selected pH the 7SPRF emulsions exhibited the largest relative increase in parameter values. The changes in viscoelasticity during storage were explained on the basis of the relative effects of further protein loop interlinkage and drop coalescence.     

PROTEINS IN MEAT AND EGG PRODUCTS DETERMINED BY DYE BINDING

SUMMARY— Under optimum conditions Acid Orange–12 will bind to the proteins of meat and eggs. The dye-binding capacity is somewhat greater for these products than the previously reported values for wheat and milk products. A standard curve relating free dye concentration to mg of protein in the sample as determined by the Kjeldahl method can be readily prepared for each type of product. The method is rapid and useful for composition control in ground meats, eggs and prepared mixes. Cooking has little effect on the dye-binding capacity but hydrolysis of the proteins to the proteose-peptone stage reduces the dye bound. The coefficient of variation averaged about 3% of the protein content for the samples of meat and eggs tested.     

富含γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)玉米胚芽的应用及其GABA提取的研究

分析经富集处理的玉米胚芽的氨基酸组成和含量,摸索了正己烷脱油的适宜条件,并采用超声波法对其中的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的提取条件进行了研究,还利用玉米胚芽进行了面包制作应用试验.分析结果显示:玉米胚芽中含有18种以上氨基酸,GABA的干基含量为286.8 mg/100 g,约占被测氨基酸总量的4.9%.结果表明:脱油的适宜条件为试料:正己烷=1:4;最佳提取条件为温度50℃,时间2h,料液比1:6,平均提取量为163.5mg/100 g,约占玉米胚芽GABA总含量(271.1 mg/100g)的60.3%.经富集处理的玉米胚芽适于制作面包、蛋糕等焙烤制品,其中所含的GABA对热加工较为稳定.     

SOY AND MEAT PROTEINS AS FOOD EMULSION STABILIZERS 2. INFLUENCE OF EMULSIFICATION TEMPERATURE, NaCl AND METHANOL ON THE VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF CORN OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS INCORPORATING ACID PRECIPITATED SOY PROTEIN

The rheological properties of concentrated corn oil-in-water emulsions stabilised by acid precipitated soy protein have been studied as a function of emulsification temperature, methanol and salt concentration. Viscoelasticity parameters were derived from the creep compliance-time response of the emulsions at a constant stress of 47.8 dyne cm⁻². All of the emulsions exhibited higher parameter values, both immediately after preparation and during storage, than comparable emulsions prepared at ambient temperature in the absence of methanol or NaCl. This was attributed to the increased unfolding of adsorbed protein molecules which permits greater interlinking, by hydrophobic bonds, of molecular segments projecting from the surfaces of adjacent oil drops.     

INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS CONSUMED IN TURKEY

A total of 100 retail samples of meat and meat products were examined for Bacillus cereus using mannitol egg yolk polymyxin (MYP) agar as a selective isolation medium. Only 22.4% of the samples contained detectable levels of B. cereus, with counts ranging from log₁₀ 0.69 to 4.80 cfu/g, but a large number of other organisms up to log₁₀ 9.06 cfu/g were sometimes observed on the plates and may have masked the presence of B. cereus or inhibited growth. Two samples of soudjouck contained significant levels of B. cereus, sufficient enough to create a public health hazard. Selected isolates were tested for diarrheal enterotoxin production by a reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) test kit. Results showed no difference in the toxin production of B. cereus between beef, ground meat, soudjouck and pastrami samples. Plasmid‐profile analysis and susceptibility to the six commonly used antimicrobial agents were done on selected B. cereus isolates. About 96.4% of the isolates contained plasmids. Plasmid sizes ranged between 2.5 and 3.5 kb. The isolates showed a high rate of resistance to oxacillin (OXA) and amoxicillin (AMC) and a low frequency of resistance to the other antimicrobial agents, with all of them being susceptible to vancomycin (VAN). Approximately 54% of the isolates showed multiple resistance. There was no apparent relationship between drug resistance and carriage of plasmids.     

COMPOSITION OF THREE FOOD PRODUCTS CONTAINING DEFATTED CORN GERM FLOUR

Incorporation of defatted corn germ flour in a standard cookie formula improved amino acid and mineral composition of the baked product. Similar effects, but of less magnitude, occurred in corn muffins. Addition of defatted germ flour to ground beef increased yield of the broiled meat product. Amino acid composition remained essentially constant, but mineral composition changed considerably     

控制图在肉及肉制品微生物监测过程中的应用

介绍控制图的基本概念,并试列举控制图在肉及肉制品微生物监测结果方面的应用示例.结果表明在肉及肉制品微生物监测中应用控制图能够对内及肉制品生产过程进行监控,以达到控制产品质量、提高经济效益的目的.     

生活饮用水和肉制品中亚硝酸盐的快速测定

实验建立了一种简便、快速测定亚硝酸盐含量的新方法。在这种方法中，NO2^-与对氨基苯磺酸发生重氮化反应，将反应液缓慢倒入由吸附1-萘酚的D290树脂填充的吸附柱中生成红色的偶氮染料。亚硝酸盐测定的线性范围为0．1μg／mL～10.0μg／mL，检出限为0．1μg／mL。将显色结果与标准比色卡比对可进行生活饮用水和肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量的定性和半定量分析，结果满意。