黑曲霉突变菌株产糖化酶的酶学特性表征

以电子束诱变黑曲霉突变菌株为对象,通过最适pH试验、最适作用温度试验、热稳定性试验、酸碱稳定性试验和金属离子对糖化酶活力影响的试验,探明黑曲霉电子束突变菌株产糖化酶的酶学特性。结果表明:突变菌株产糖化酶酶最适作用温度为63℃,且最高酶活较原始菌株提高26%,在80℃原始菌株所产糖化酶失活时,仍有8.4 kU/mL酶活剩余,突变菌株所产的糖化酶的热稳定性明显提高。突变菌株所产糖化酶最适pH为4.6,且最高酶活较原始菌株提高24%,在原始菌株所产糖化酶失活时仍有6.9 kU/mL酶活剩余,突变菌株糖化酶的pH稳定性有着明显提高。K+、Mg2+、Ca2+可在一定程度上增强其活力;Ag+、Fe2+、Cu2+则在不同程度上抑制糖化酶活力;Zn2+、EDTA对其酶活力影响较小或无明显现象。     

云芝(Coriolus versicolor)木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)酶学性质分析

研究云芝(Coriolus versicolor)产木质素过氧化物酶(Lip)酶活力随时间的变化情况,以及温度、pH 值、金属离子及化合物对云芝LiP 酶活力和稳定性的影响,对该酶底物浓度效应和Km 值进行测定。结果表明：云芝培养12d,其酶活力最高,为72U/mL。该酶的最适温度为40℃,在30～40℃范围内稳定;最适pH 值为2.5,pH 值在2.0～3.5 较稳定;Zn2+ 对LiP 有激活作用,Na+ 对酶活力没有影响,Ca2+、K+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Cu2+ 及EDTA、SDS、β- 巯基乙醇都表现出抑制作用;Km 值为2.05 × 10-4mol/L。     

木薯块根中β-葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

研究了木薯块根中β-葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质。以缓冲液从木薯块根中获得粗提酶液,粗酶酶活力为9.37 U/g木薯干重;再分别通过丙酮沉淀、离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析进行纯化,β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活力为1.14 U/g木薯干重,经纯化β-葡萄糖苷酶纯度提高了14.62倍,总活力回收率为12.14%,电泳测得其分子量约70 kDa。该酶米氏常数K_m为3.60 mmol/L,V_max为12.36μmol/(min·mg protein);其最适pH为7.0,pH在6.0～8.0之间有较好的稳定性;在40℃以内有良好稳定性,在4℃存放30 d酶活力剩余81.78%。Mn²⁺和K⁺对酶有一定的促进作用,Al³⁺、Cu²⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ca²⁺、Ba²⁺、Na⁺、尿素和SDS对酶没有显著影响(P>0.05),而Fe³⁺、F...     

Purification and characterization of sea squirt alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase

Sea squirt alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase was purified to homogeneity. Its molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 160,000 by gel filtration and 40,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing condition. The chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviors indicated that the enzyme was composed of four subunits. The optimum pH of the enzyme reaction was about 4.0 at 37 degrees C, while the enzyme was stable in the range of pH 5.0 to 6.0 during 4 h preincubation at 37 degrees C. Although the enzyme (0.1 unit) was stable at 0 degrees C for 30 min in the presence of 7.5 mM metal ions (Al3+, Ba2+, Ca2+, K+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Sr2+, and Zn2+), almost 40% of the enzyme activity was lost in the presence of Cu2+, Hg2+, monoiodoacetic acid, and EDTA. The enzyme hydrolyzed aryl N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide as well as GalNAcalpha1(-->4GalNAcalpha1-->)n 4GalNAc-p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (ABEE) (n = 1-4), but GalNAcalpha1-->4GalNAc-ABEE only scarcely. Furthermore, an allergenic pentasaccharitol ABEE derivative, GalNAcalpha1-->2Fucalpha1-->3(GalNAcbeta1-->4) GlcNAcbeta1-->2(3-acetoamido-3-deoxy)L-threose-ABEE, the minimum structural unit for the sea squirt allergenicity was hydrolyzed to 95 mol% for 72 h incubation with the enzyme. The enzyme could be utilized as a powerful tool for the structural analyses of the carbohydrate epitopes of the sea squirt allergen molecules.     

重组大肠杆菌耐热α - 淀粉酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质研究

对重组大肠杆菌耐热α- 淀粉酶分离纯化及其酶学性质进行研究,结果表明：该酶分子量约为90kD,最适温度为60～70℃,最适pH 值为6.6,酶学动力学常数Km 值为143.52mmol/L;酶活力在pH5.4～7.8 较为稳定;4℃保存2 周酶活力仅下降一半,35℃保温3d 有50% 以上的酶活力,70℃以上酶失活很快;Mn2+ 对酶催化作用有较大的促进,K+、Ca2+ 有微弱的促进作用,Mg2+ 对催化反应无影响,Cu2+ 的抑制作用最强,其他金属离子Co2+、Zn2+、Fe2+ 对酶催化作用有不同程度的抑制作用;有机离子对酶催化作用均是抑制作用,其中抑制作用最强的是SDS。     

紫色红曲霉FBKL3.0018产酯化酶的酶学性质研究

以从紫色红曲霉FBKL3.0018中固态发酵得到的粗酶制剂为研究对象,对该菌株的酯化酶酶学性质进行了较系统的研究。通过单因素实验确定该酶最适温度为40 ℃,在30 ℃条件下稳定性较好,最适pH值为6.5,在pH5.5～7.5条件下稳定性好。Fe2+、Na+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Li+、Zn2+对酯化酶酶活力有抑制作用,Ca2+在低浓度时有促进作用,高浓度时有抑制作用。K+对酯化酶酶活力有促进作用,并且随着K+浓度的升高,促进作用逐渐增强。吐温-80、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、聚乙二醇6000、阿拉伯胶4种表面活性剂对酯化酶酶活力都有抑制作用。另外,甲醇和乙醇对该酯化酶酶活力有抑制作用,甲酸、乙酸、乳酸对酯化酶酶活力有促进作用。乙酸乙酯在低浓度时对酯化酶酶活力有抑制作用,含量为30%时反而有促进酶活力的作用。酯化酶最大反应速度Vmax为0.016 mol/（L·min）,米氏常数Km为0.015 4 mol/L。     

Peptidases from two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens: partial purification, properties and action on milk

Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 240 and 32A expressed cell-associated peptidase activity which was shown by subcellular fractionation to be primarily intracellular. Two peptidases were partly purified from strain 32A. One specifically hydrolysed N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-4-nitroanilide and was termed endopeptidase and the other hydrolysed L-lysine- and L-leucine-4-nitroanilide and was termed aminopeptidase. The endopeptidase had very low activity on bovine serum albumin compared with that of trypsin and probably was not a proteinase. The endopeptidase had a mol. wt of 33,000 and a pH optimum of 8.0. The enzyme was stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ and inhibited by Co2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Zn2+ and leupeptin. Soya bean trypsin inhibitor and phenylmethane sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) had no effect on its activity. The aminopeptidase had a mol. wt of 44,000 and a pH optimum of 8.0. It was inhibited by all the metal ions mentioned above and by PMSF. Little proteolysis was found when ultra high temperature (UHT) sterilized milk was treated with cell-free extract from strain 32A. It was concluded that the cell-associated peptidases from Pseudomonas strains normally present in raw milk may not contribute significantly to the deterioration of UHT sterilized milk.     

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas sp. K1: purification and properties

The ammonia-oxidizing chemoautotrophic Nitrosomonas sp. strain K1 exhibited marked ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) activity. The RubisCO [EC 4.1.1.39] was purified as an electrophoretically homogeneous protein. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be about 460 kDa by gel filtration, and it consists of two subunits [large (L): 52.2 kDa; small (S): 13.3 kDa] as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE. This confirmed that the enzyme has an L(8)S(8) structure. The K(m) values of the enzyme for RuBP, NaHCO3, and Mg2+ were estimated to be 0.112, 0.415, and 1.063 mM, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for its activity were approximately 7.0 and 45 degrees C. The enzyme was stable up to 45 degrees C and in a pH range from 7.0-9.0 (4 degrees C, 48 h). The enzyme activity was inhibited by Cu2+, Hg2+, N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and SDS (0.1 mM). The activity was also inhibited by ammonium sulfate at high concentrations (38-303 mM) but the stability of the enzyme showed no inhibition at the same ammonium sulfate concentrations. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the large and small subunits are AIKTYQAGVKEYRQTYW QPDYVPL and AIQAYHLTKKYETFSYLPQM, respectively.     

Purification and characterization of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase from Aspergillus terreus TN484-M1

cis-Aconitic acid decarboxylase (CAD) was assumed to be a key enzyme in the production of itaconic acid by comparing the activity of CAD from Aspergillus terreus TN484-M1 with that of CAD from the low-itaconate yielding strain Aspergillus terreus CM85J. The constitutive CAD was purified to homogeneity from A. terreus TN484-M1 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and column chromatography on DEAE-toyopearl, Butyl-toyopearl, and Sephacryl S200HR, and then characterized. A molecular mass of 55 kDa for the native enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE. The enzymic activity was optimal at a pH of 6.2 and temperature of 45 degrees C. The K(m) value for cis-aconitic acid was determined as 2.45 mM (pH 6.2, 37 degrees C). The enzyme was completely inactivated by Hg+, Cu2+, Zn2+, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoate).     

重组1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶酶学性质和稳定性的研究

1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶(PDOR)是以甘油为底物生产1,3-PD途径中的关键酶之一。将dhaT在E.coliBL21(DE3)pLysS进行了表达,对含有6×His标记的PDOR进行了纯化,同时考察了重组PDOR的酶学性质和稳定性。重组PDOR反应的最适pH和温度分别是10.0和55°C;在pH7.0～8.0,酶保持了较高的稳定性,酶在30°C保温表现出较高的稳定性;Ca2+,Mg2+和Cu2+对酶活性有抑制作用,而Fe2+,Na+,NH4+和Mn2+对酶活有促进作用;冷冻干燥处理后,PDOR酶活有一定的损失;添加适当浓度的保护剂——海藻糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、聚乙二醇,对酶在冷冻干燥时有保护作用;添加5%蔗糖的固体酶制剂在保存过程中表现出较好的稳定性。     

绿色木霉β-葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

针对绿色木霉AS3.3711产生的β-葡萄糖苷酶组分,先后运用包括乙酸铵沉淀、透析、Sephadex G-150葡聚糖凝胶柱层析在内的一系列分离纯化技术对该纤维素酶进行纯化,得到β-葡萄糖苷酶纯化组分,并对该酶的酶学性质进行研究。纯化后酶液的蛋白质量浓度为8.12 mg/mL、酶活力为4.08 U/mL,纯化倍数达到18.48,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）测定分子质量为66.0 kD。绿色木霉β-葡萄糖苷酶在酸性条件下稳定性良好,最适pH值为5.0;在温度60～70 ℃能长时间保持较高酶活力,最适反应温度为60 ℃。金属离子中,Ca2+、Mg2+、K+对绿色木霉AS3.3711 β-葡萄糖苷酶活力起到促进作用,Ca2+促进作用最强;而Zn2+、Fe3+对该酶有抑制作用,Ag+、Cu2+、Hg2+重金属离子使β-葡萄糖苷酶几乎丧失了全部活性。     

淀粉液化芽孢杆菌BS5582中性蛋白酶基因的克隆表达及其酶学性质研究

以一株高产中性蛋白酶的Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS5582基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增获得结构基因npr,构建质粒pPIC9K-npr,并转化到表达菌株毕赤酵母GS115中得到重组菌。经甲醇诱导发酵,测定中性蛋白酶活性。结果表明,目的基因大小为1566bp,在宿主中得到了成功表达,重组菌酶活力为9.17×103U/g,酶学性质分析表明,重组中性蛋白酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH为7,在40℃中保温1h后仍能保持85%左右活性,在pH4～9的范围内稳定性较好,Ca2+、Mg2+、Mn2+离子对该酶有激活作用。     

一株海藻糖产生菌T007酶学特性的研究

对自行从土壤中筛选分离出的一株能合成海糖藻的菌株T007的酶学特性进行了研究。该酶最适反应温度为38～40℃，最适反应pH为pH6．6～7．2，Mg^2＋、K^＋对该酶有一定的激活作用，Ca^2＋、Ba^2＋、Mn^2＋对该酶有抑制作用，而Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Hg^2＋则可强烈地抑制该酶活力。试验证实，该菌株是在海藻糖合酶（trehalose svnthase）作用下特异性地以麦芽糖为底物转化为海藻糖的。该细胞酶在4℃保存14d酶活力仍保持稳定，-18℃保存期可延长到30d。     

用于高果糖浆制备的宛氏拟青霉嗜热嗜酸菊粉酶酶学特性分析

为实现酶法水解菊糖制备高果糖浆,从宛氏拟青霉（Paecilomyces variotii）XS27发酵液中分离纯化菊粉酶,并对其酶学特性进行研究。发酵液经过硫酸铵盐析、透析、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow层析、Sephacry S-100分子筛过滤层析,得到电泳纯的菊粉酶,比活力327.4 U/mg,纯化倍数37.85。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳测得菊粉酶为单一亚基的酶蛋白,分子质量62.0 kDa。菊粉酶能在较宽的pH值范围（3.5～6.5）内保持高活性,最适作用pH 4.0。在温度40～65 ℃之间,酶活力较高,最适作用温度为60 ℃。薄层色谱分析显示菊粉酶水解菊糖最终产物为果糖。以菊糖为底物,酶的Km和Vmax分别为5.93 μmol/L和75.18 μmol/（L·min）。Mg2＋、Mn2＋、Ca2＋对酶有显著激活作用,Ba2＋、Ni2＋和Hg2＋对酶有一定抑制作用。β-巯基乙醇、二硫苏糖醇和乙二胺四乙酸对酶有抑制作用,表面活性剂（十二烷基硫酸钠、Tween 80和Trition X100）以及乙醇对酶活力没有影响。从宛氏拟青霉XS27发酵液中分离纯化的菊粉酶在强酸高热的环境下具有强活性和稳定性,对表面活性剂乙醇有高耐受性,适合于果葡糖浆的工业化生产。     

Purification and characterization of N-Acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase from Thermus caldophilus

N-Acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase [EC 3.5.1.25] was purified and biochemically characterized from an extreme thermophile, Thermus caldophilus GK24. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were 80 degrees C and 7.5, respectively. The enzyme is a tetramer composed of identical 45 kDa subunits. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme was determined to be MSVDLKTLHRRHVLTP. It hydrolyzed GlcNAc-6-P, but not GlcNAc-1-P or chitin oligosaccharides. The deacetylase activity was completely inhibited by the addition of 1 mM Cu2+, but moderately activated by that of 1 mM Mn2+ and Co2+. Within 2 h of reaction, 2 mM GlcNAc-6-P was completely hydrolyzed to GlcN-6-P and acetate by the action of the deacetylase.     

Purification and characterization of an extracellular protease from alkaliphilic and thermophilic Bacillus sp. PS719

An alkaline protease was purified to apparent homogeneity from culture supernatants of Bacillus sp. PS719, a novel alkaliphilic, thermophilic bacterium isolated from a thermal spring soil sample, by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by DEAE-cellulose and alpha-casein agarose column chromatographies. The purified enzyme migrated as a single protein band of 42 kDa during both denaturing and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, suggesting that it consists of a single polypeptide chain. Its isoelectric point was approximately 4.8. The protease exhibited maximum activity towards azocasein at pH 9.0 and at 75 degrees C. The enzyme activity was stimulated by Ca2+, but was inhibited in the presence of Fe2+ or Cu2+. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 8.0 to 10.0 and up to 80 degrees C in the absence of Ca2+. Since phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) in addition to N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) completely inhibited the activity, this enzyme appears to be a trypsin-like serine protease. Among the various oligopeptidyl-p-nitroanilides tested, the protease showed a preference for cleavage at arginine residues on the carboxylic side of the scissile bond of the substrate, liberating p-nitroaniline from N-carbobenzoxy (CBZ)-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide with the K(m) and V(max) values of 0.6 mM and 1.0 micromol.min(-1).mg protein(-1), respectively.     

Purification and characterization of an alkaline manganese peroxidase from Aspergillus terreus LD-1

We report that Aspergillus terreus LD-1 produces an extracellular ligninolytic enzyme, manganese peroxidase (MnP), that reacts under alkaline conditions. This MnP was purified 13.1-fold from the culture supernatant to elicit a single band upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular weight of this MnP was estimated as either 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE or 44 kDa by gel permeation chromatography, suggesting a monomeric structure. The optimum pH and temperature of this MnP are 12.5 and 37 degrees C, respectively. This MnP is stable in the pH range 11.0 to 12.5 and also up to 40 degrees C. The K(m) values of this MnP for hydrogen peroxide, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) and Mn2+ were 320 microM, 20 microM and 33 microM at pH 12.5, respectively. The activity of the MnP is completely inhibited by Hg2+, Pb2+, Ag+ and lactate. On the other hand, the MnP is activated by oxalate, maleate and fumarate. Maleate at 5 mM increased the MnP activity 5-fold. EDTA at 1 mM inhibited the MnP activity completely, but this inhibition was not observed in the presence of 1 mM Fe2+.     

PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A LIPASE FROM LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM 2739

A 65 kDa intracellular lipase from Lactobacillus plantarum 2739 was purified to homogeneity (482-fold, specific activity of 251 μmol/mg per min) and characterized. The purification procedure included chromatography with Q-Sepharose, Sephacryl 200, Phenyl-Superose and Mono Q. The purified lipase was optimally active at pH 7.5 and 35C; it retained about 40% of the maximum activity at pH 5.0 and 15C. The enzyme was stable at 65C (D_65C= 18.6 min) and was irreversibly inactivated at 75C for 2 min. On triglycerides, the highest activity was determined on tributyrin but trilaurin and tripalmitin were hydrolyzed also. The Km on tributyrin was 2.31 mM. β-Naphthyl esters of fatty acids from C2 to C12 were hydrolyzed with a preference for β-naphthyl butyrate. After lipolysis, the fatty acid profiles in β-monoacylglycerols of milk fat showed similarities among porcine pancreatic lipase, rennet paste and lipase from Lb. plantarum 2739, but the bacterial enzyme caused a greater hydrolysis of C10 and C12 fatty acids esterified at the Sn-2 position of glycerol. The lipase was strongly inhibited by 1 mM Nethylmaleimide and iodoacetic acid, by 10 mM Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺, and was moderately stimulated by Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.     

Purification and properties of hydrogen sulfide oxidase from Bacillus sp. BN53-1

A hydrogen sulfide oxidase was purified to homogeneity from the heterotroph Bacillus sp. BN53-1 isolated from pig feces compost. The enzyme was found to be a monomer with a M(r) value of approximately 37 kDa. It required FAD for its activity, which was not replaced by FMN. The optimum reaction pH and temperature were 7.5 and 40 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was stable between pH 6.0 and 7.0 and up to 30 degrees C. Its activity was stimulated by Ca2+ and Mn2+ and inhibited by Al3+, dithiothreitol, and 2-mercaptoethanol. The main product was elemental sulfur, and H2O2 was not detected. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme showed similarity to other FAD-requiring enzymes.     

金属离子对米糠解脂酶活性影响的研究

实验用CaCl2溶液从脱脂米糠中提取解脂酶,经(NH4)2SO4沉淀后,获得粗酶。用分光光度法测定了6种不同的金属离子对酶活力的影响,实验结果表明,在浓度为0.01mol/L时,Zn2+、Fe2+、Mg2+等金属离子对米糠解脂酶起激活作用,Ca2+、Ba2+、Cu2+等离子对酶活性起抑制作用。当离子浓度在0.001mol/L到0.1mol/L之间变化时,随着离子浓度的增加,Ca2+、Ba2+、Cu2+3种金属离子会使酶的活性逐渐降低;而Zn2+、Fe2+、Mg2+3种金属离子浓度在0.001～0.02mol/L的变化范围内,酶活性随着离子浓度的升高而逐渐升高,在0.02～0.1mol/L的变化范围内,酶活性随着离子浓度的升高而逐渐降低。