淀粉的塑化机理及基在生物降解餐具上的应用研究

通过DSC、红外及X－衍射仪，研究了淀粉塑化前后性能及结构的变化，阐明了淀粉的塑化机理，进一步探讨了塑化后的淀粉在一次性生物降解餐具上的应用。     

淀粉的塑化机理及其在生物降解餐具上的应用研究

通过DSC、红外及X-衍射仪,研究了淀粉塑化前后性能及结构的变化,阐明了淀粉的塑化机理,进一步探讨了塑化后的淀粉在一次性生物降解餐具上的应用.     

生物降解淀粉餐具的工业化生产工艺条件及其性能研究

通过模压发泡工艺制备一次性淀粉餐具,研究了工业化生产过程中模压发泡工艺的参数及一次性淀粉餐具的性能。结果表明,模压发泡最佳工艺条件为上模温度190～200℃,下模温度为180～190℃,保压时间为25s。该工艺每件制备的一次性餐具其力学性能、卫生指标和生物降解性能达到国家标准要求。     

冲压成型全淀粉降解餐具的研究

淀粉塑料为解决塑料污染环境应运而生 ,但 80年代风行一时的多是填充型淀粉塑料 ,其组分大部分为不能降解的通用树脂。我们试制了一种含淀粉 90 %以上的所谓全淀粉餐具 ,它能完全生物降解。阐述了其制备试验和性能测试等工作 ,并进行了讨论。     

冲压成型全淀粉降解餐具的研究

淀粉塑料为解决塑料污染环境应运而生，但80年代风行一时的多是填充型淀粉塑料，其组分大部分不能降解的通用树脂，我们试制了一种含淀粉90％以上的所谓全淀粉餐具，它能完全生物降解，阐述了其制备试验和性能测试等工作，并进行了讨论。     

纯天然淀粉—纤维质一次性可降解餐具的研究

本文介绍了淀粉－纤维质一次性餐具制备、应用和发展趋势,对比了淀粉－纤维质餐具、纤维质餐具、纸餐具和现行塑料餐具的优缺点,指出只要改进工艺,淀粉－纤维质餐具有很大的发展潜力。     

微细化马铃薯淀粉的生物降解性能研究

用机械球磨方法制备不同粒度的微细化马铃薯淀粉,采用半生物体内模型系统研究它们的生物降解性能。结果表明,颗粒的微细化有利于淀粉的生物降解微细化程度越高,淀粉越易被降解。超细马铃薯淀粉颗粒具有良好的生物降解性能。通过控制粒度大小可调节淀粉的生物降解速度和降解程度。     

三氯氧磷交联淀粉的生物降解性能研究

利用微生物在半生物体内模型中系统研究了三氯氧磷交联淀粉的生物降解性能。结果表明，淀粉经三氯氧磷交联化后，其微生物降解的速度和程度随交联度的提高而降低。低程度的交联可促进淀粉的微生物降解速度和程度，而高交联对淀粉的微生物降解却起到抑制作用。通过控制三氯氧磷交联淀粉的交联度可以调解淀粉的微生物降解速度和降解程度。     

微细化马铃薯淀粉的生物降解性能研究

用机械球磨方法制备不同粒度的微细化马铃薯淀粉 ,采用半生物体内模型系统研究它们的生物降解性能。结果表明 ,颗粒的微细化有利于淀粉的生物降解 :微细化程度越高 ,淀粉越易被降解。超细马铃薯淀粉颗粒具有良好的生物降解性能。通过控制粒度大小可调节淀粉的生物降解速度和降解程度      

玉米淀粉生物降解塑料薄膜的制备及性能研究

以玉米淀粉、PVA,、丙三醇等为主要原料,经糊化、增塑、交联后,采用流延膜法制备玉米淀粉完全生物降解塑料膜,并对该膜的力学性能、光学性能、耐水性能进行测定。实验结果表明,当玉米淀粉量为4.2g~5.4g,PVA量2.5g~3.5g,甲醛量1.5ml~2ml,尿素量1g~2g,丙三醇取1.4ml~2.2ml,纤维素0.2g~0.25g时,薄膜具有较好的力学性能。     

玉米淀粉生物降解薄膜的制备及其生物降解特性的研究

以天然高聚物玉米淀粉为原料,经增塑、增强、交联后制备全生物降解薄膜。通过正交实验确定了三种增塑剂的协同作用最佳配比,探索了增强剂、交联剂对薄膜力学性能的影响,研究了该薄膜的生物降解特性,并通过X-衍射对该膜的结构进行表征。结果表明：三种增塑剂的最佳用量为15％水、2％丙三醇、2％尿素,20％增强剂聚乙烯醇、5％交联剂乙二醛,所制备的膜强度达到国标GB4456-84所规定的标准;淀粉经塑化、交联后,次价键断裂,晶区被破坏,使淀粉具备热塑性。该膜微生物生长达到4级,土埋20天后,失重率达到90％。该研究结果为用淀粉制造一次性生物降解膜、消除“白色污染”、提供了理论依据和实际参考。     

热塑性淀粉的研究

通过淀粉中加入增塑剂,制备热塑性淀粉,研究了3种增塑剂的增塑效果,结果为:水>丙三醇>乙二醇。采用正交实验,确定它们之间协同作用最佳用量为:15%水、5%丙三醇、5%乙二醇。红外及X-衍射表明,淀粉经塑化后,次价键断裂、晶区被破坏,使淀粉具备热塑性。     

淀粉接枝共聚物生物降解塑料的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料，进行了淀粉化学改性，偶联，淀粉接枝共聚反应动力学的研究和生物降解塑料的工艺，配方及产品应用研究，并对淀粉接枝共聚物进行ＳＥＭ观察，显微熔点测定，生物降解试验和ＡＳＴＭ试验。建立了淀粉接枝共聚反应系统，研制成功的淀粉接枝共聚物生物降解塑料综合性能达到国际同类产品水平。     

Resistant Starch Made from Banana Starch by Autoclaving and Debranching

Resistant starches (RS) were prepared from banana starch by debranching with pullulanase for different times and after autoclaving treatment. The different treatments produced seven RS products, which were tested with respect to available starch (AS), RS and in vitro hydrolysis rate. The control sample (without debranching) had the highest AS (80.5%) and the lowest RS content (9.1%). The samples debranched for 5 h and longer did not show significant differences (α = 0.05) in AS (approximately 72%) and RS (approximately 18%). The RS values obtained in the samples prepared were twice as high as that of the control sample. However, the sample debranched for the longest time had the highest hydrolysis rate, demonstrating that this product has a high digestion rate. Banana starch is a good source for RS preparation by autoclaving due to its high RS content and can be an alternative source in developing countries for obtaining a nutraceutic ingredient for functional food preparation.     

淀粉纳米颗粒在不同增塑剂中的糊化与流变特性研究

本文以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,经普鲁兰酶酶解脱支,短直链淀粉重结晶制取淀粉纳米颗粒(SNPs)。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和动态流变仪,探究了不同浓度SNPs在甘油、山梨糖醇、葡萄糖水溶液中的热特性、回生特性以及流变特性的变化规律。DSC测试表明,添加山梨糖醇、葡萄糖和甘油溶液(其与水比例为1:1)后,SNPs的起始糊化温度分别增加了10.85℃、10.96℃和15.02℃,SNPs的终止糊化温度分别增加了9.29℃、9.17℃、12.40℃。回生结果表明,增塑剂会抑制SNPs的回生。随着浓度增加,SNPs在增塑剂体系中储能模量明显增加,且损耗模量大于储能模量,凝胶性增强。20%SNPs在山梨糖醇溶液和甘油溶液中的储能模量是10 Pa·s左右,而在葡萄糖溶液中大于1000 Pa·s,在葡萄糖溶液中损耗模量在100~500 Pa·s,说明SNPs葡萄糖水溶液具有更强的凝胶性。本文为SNPs在不同增塑剂中制备可降解膜提供理论依据。     

不同塑化剂对柠檬酸淀粉酯成膜性能的影响

以甘油、乙二醇、山梨醇和壳聚糖为塑化剂,机械活化柠檬酸淀粉酯为原料,以断裂伸长率为评价指标,通过SEM、FT-IR、TGA和接触角的分析,探讨不同塑化剂对淀粉酯成膜性能的影响。结果表明,不同塑化剂对淀粉酯的影响不同。不同塑化剂对淀粉酯膜的断裂伸长率影响为甘油>山梨醇>乙二醇>壳聚糖>原淀粉。添加塑化剂能使淀粉酯更好地成膜。SEM分析表明,以甘油和壳聚糖为塑化剂的淀粉酯膜具有更多网状结构,表面透气性好;以乙二醇和山梨醇为塑化剂的淀粉酯膜更为致密,表面相对光滑,气密性更好。FT-IR表明,淀粉酯膜均成功塑化且具有相同峰型,说明不同塑化剂的塑化机理基本相同。TGA显示,热分解温度与塑化剂分子大小及羟基含量存在密切关系。接触角分析表明,不同塑化剂对于淀粉酯膜的亲水性各不相同,其亲水性大小为山梨醇>甘油>壳聚糖>乙二醇。     

Properties of Biodegradable Multilayer Films Based on Plasticized Wheat Starch

Multilayer films based on plasticized wheat starch (PWS) and various biodegradable aliphatic polyesters have been prepared through flat film coextrusion and compression molding. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyesteramide (PEA), poly(μ‐caprolactone) (PCL), poly(butylene succinate adipate) (PBSA), and poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐valerate) (PHBV) were chosen as the outer layers of the stratified "polyester/PWS/polyester" film structure. The main goal of the polyester layers was to improve significantly the properties of PWS in terms of mechanical performance and moisture resistance. Since no specific compatibilizer or tie layer were added, the properties of subsequent films rely on the compatibility between the respective materials only. The effects of glycerol content in PWS, polyester type, and film composition on the mechanical properties and adhesion strength of multilayers were investigated. The conditions for optimal product performance were examined. The multilayer films may be suitable for applications in food packaging or disposable articles.     

Green Nanocomposites from Renewable Resources: Effect of Plasticizer on the Structure and Material Properties of Clay‐filled Starch

Nanocomposites of starch were prepared via different addition sequences of plasticizer and clay by the solution method. The extent of dispersion of the filler was evaluated by wide angle X‐ray diffractometry (WAXD) in the resulting composites. Thermal stability, mechanical properties and water absorption studies were conducted to measure the material properties whereas FT‐IR spectroscopy was used to study the microdomain structure of composites. The sequence of addition of components (starch /plasticizer (glycerol) / clay) had a significant effect on the nature of composites formed and accordingly properties were altered. Glycerol and starch both have the tendency to penetrate into the silicate layers but penetration of glycerol is favored owing to its smaller molecule size. The filler dispersion becomes highly heterogeneous and the product becomes more brittle when starch was plasticized before filling with clay due to the formation of a bulky structure resulting from electrostatic attractions between starch and plasticizer. It was concluded that best mechanical properties can be obtained if plasticizer is added after mixing of clay in the starch matrix.     

玉米-小麦淀粉/玉米醇溶蛋白双层膜热学及微观特性

研究了玉米-小麦淀粉成膜液与玉米醇溶蛋白成膜液不同配比制作的5 种可食用复合膜理化特性的差异, 并分别通过扫描电子显微镜观察、热重分析、差示扫描量热分析、X射线衍射分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析对其 热学特性和微观结构进行研究。结果表明：添加一层玉米醇溶蛋白后,双层膜阻水性提高,机械性能得到改善,由 扫描电子显微镜观察结果可知双层膜间结合紧密,热重分析和差示扫描量热分析结果显示双层膜热稳定性得到提 高,X射线衍射结果表明生物大分子之间相容性较好,傅里叶变换红外光谱分析结果发现双层膜间产生了新的氢键 等作用力,为玉米-小麦淀粉/玉米醇溶蛋白双层膜在食品包装中的应用提供了重要的参考依据。