实时荧光PCR技术定量检测肉类掺假的研究进展

肉类食品是人们饮食结构的重要组成部分,而近年来,肉类掺假现象频发,严重威胁到公众的利益。因此,建立快速准确的肉类鉴别检测方法逐渐成为一个热点问题。以PCR为基础的实时荧光PCR检测技术在实现定性定量分析的同时,与常规方法相比,具有自动化程度及动态范围更高的特点,在肉类掺假检测方面具有巨大的应用价值。该文从实时荧光PCR检测技术的检测原理出发,进一步探讨其操作流程,并对不同类别的实时荧光PCR检测技术在肉类掺假中的应用进行整合。在肉类鉴定中,实时荧光PCR技术可分为荧光探针法和荧光染料法2大类,近年来在不断发展完善的过程中仍存在着一些挑战,且将向提高检测效率和提高检测结果准确性的方向发展。因此该文提出在已有研究的基础上结合新技术建立标准化检验流程的想法,以期为肉类掺假检测技术的发展起到借鉴意义和指导作用。     

实时荧光定量技术在食品微生物检测和研究中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是通过检测PCR产物中荧光讯号强度来达到定量的目的,不仅实现了对核酸信息量的分析比较,而且与常规PCR相比,它具有特异性更强、能有效解决PCR污染问题、自动化程度高等特点。文章概述了实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、优缺点及其在食品微生物检测中的应用与研究进展,并探讨了它的技术发展和应用前景。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测食品中常见食源性致病菌

建立一种快速、准确检测食品中常见食源性致病菌的方法。通过对食品样品提取基因组DNA和实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative)条件的优化,建立了沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和副溶血弧菌这六种食源性致病菌的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。通过食品样品的检测,同时进行了传统方法验证。研究建立的实时荧光定量PCR鉴定方法具有良好的重复性和准确性,能够2d出具检测报告,具有较强的实际应用价值,可广泛应用于食品快速检测,具有很好的推广应用前景。     

中药材浙贝母的实时荧光定量PCR方法研究

目的:探讨荧光定量PCR对浙贝母鉴别的可行性。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR法从试样中提取DNA,进行引物扩增,并通过Cq值和扩增曲线对样品进行判断。结果:4批浙贝母的Cq值均低于30,曲线有明显的指数增长期;平贝母、川贝母和土贝母则无Cq值,曲线为一直线。结论:本方法用于鉴别浙贝母操作简单,准确率高,重现性好,可行有效。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术在食用油脂检测中的应用

荧光定量PCR检测技术具有快速、准确的优点,在转基因食品检测等领域得到了广泛的应用。采用荧光定量PCR技术进行油脂转基因、掺假检测也成为研究热点。利用不同油料作物所含有的独特核酸序列,采用荧光定量PCR技术可简单、高效、快速地检测出油脂中所含的特定核酸成分,从而判定油脂原料的构成,为打击食用油脂掺假造假提供判定依据。植物油的加工过程中都经过多个步骤的处理,其中的核酸降解严重,含量极低,所以从植物油中提取出较高质量的DNA是对油脂进行荧光定量PCR检测鉴定的关键。本文主要对油脂DNA提取方法及存在的难点、引物设计特点和结果分析进行了论述,以期为今后荧光定量PCR检测技术进一步推广与应用提供思路。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术在食品微生物检测和研究中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是通过检测PCR产物中荧：艺讯号强度来达到定量的目的,不仅实现了对核酸信息量的分析比较,而且与常规PCR相比,它具有特异性更强、能有效解决PCR污染问题、自动化程度高等特点,近年来该技术开始作为食品微生物的研究手段。本文概述了实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、优缺点及其在食品微生物检测中的应用与研究进展,并探讨了它的技术发展和应用前景。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术检测腐乳中大豆转基因成分

优化实时荧光定量PCR反应体系条件,运用此技术检测从腐乳中提取的DNA来判定腐乳样品是否含有大豆转基因成分。该检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,方法检出限为0. 1%,而且操作简便,可以推广使用。     

溶藻弧菌实时荧光定量PCR快速检测方法的建立

为建立溶藻弧菌（VA）的快速检测方法,本研究以VA Collagenase基因为靶基因设计合成引物及Taq Man探针,建立了实时荧光定量PCR快速检测VA的方法。结果显示,对15株实验菌株进行荧光定量PCR检测,只有VA菌株检测为阳性,表明该检测方法特异性强;该方法的灵敏度为18 cfu/m L;稳定性和重复性实验结果表明,同一样品重复检测4次Ct值的变异系数均小于2%;利用该检测方法对采集的165份样品进行检测,共计检出2份VA阳性样品,与SN/T2564-2010行标法检测结果一致,显示了良好的实用性。该检测方法灵敏度高、特异性强,具有良好的实用性。      

3种食源性致病菌的实时荧光PCR快速检测

DNA提取方法采用先钢珠机械破坏细菌细胞壁,再添加丙酮、蛋白酶K溶解去除杂质,大大提高了食源性致病菌基因组DNA的得率和纯度。继而针对金黄色葡萄球菌egc基因、沙门氏菌NA(not availabale)基因、志贺氏菌ipaH基因为靶基因设计特异性引物对样品建立实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果试验设计的引物对3种细菌具有很强特异性,除目标细菌外,对单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌3种对照菌均未检测到荧光信号。对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的检测灵敏度分别达到10~(-6)、10~(-6)、10~(-7) ng/μL。     

实时荧光PCR法检测食品和饮料中胡萝卜成分的研究

胡萝卜是一种质脆味美的家常蔬菜,同时也是一种常见的食品过敏原。针对胡萝卜抗冻蛋白基因的保守序列,设计特异性引物和探针,经验证和条件优化,建立胡萝卜成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法。经实验比较,针对胡萝卜抗冻蛋白设计合成的引物和探针具有相对较高的灵敏性,检测限可达1 ng DNA,而且和常见的食物种类无交叉反应,适于胡萝卜成分的检测。该方法的建立,对于加强食品过敏原的标识管理,保护消费者利益、促进进出口贸易具有重要意义。     

实时荧光PCR法检测食物中榛子过敏原成分

榛子是最常见的食品过敏原之一,选择针对榛子不同基因的引物和探针,进行验证、比对和条件优化,建立榛子过敏原的实时荧光PCR检测方法。经实验比较,针对榛子热休克蛋白设计合成的引物和探针具有相对较高的灵敏性,检测限可达0.11ng DNA,而且和常见的食物种类无交叉反应,适于榛子过敏原的检测。该方法的建立,对于加强食品过敏原的标识管理,保护消费者利益、促进进出口贸易具有重要意义。     

Quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in salads by real time quantitative PCR

A real time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) was carried out purifying DNA extracts of Listeria monocytogenes using a High Pure Listeria Sample Preparation Kit and quantifying in a LightCycler system with hybridisation probes. A standard curve was constructed with serial dilutions. A range linear relationship, from 10 to 10(5)L. monocytogenes colony forming units (CFU), was observed between threshold cycle (Ct) and logarithmic concentration of the serial dilutions. The assay was linear in a range from 10 to 10(5)L. monocytogenes CFU and the coefficient of determination (r2) was >0.98. RTQ-PCR presented an efficiency of >85%. The accuracy of the PCR-based assay, expressed as % bias, ranged from 9% to 26% and the precision, expressed as % CV, ranged 9-22%. Intraday and interday variabilities were studied at 10(2) CFU/g and resulted in 12% and 14%, respectively. The proposed RTQ-PCR method and classical cultural methods were applied to analyse 77 salads from restaurants in Valencia (Spain). All culture positive samples were also RTQ-PCR positive.     

荧光定量PCR方法检测畜肉食品中猪源性成分

目的 建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的猪源性成分检测方法。方法 本研究以猪线粒体12S rRNA基因序列为靶位点设计引物和探针, 进行荧光定量PCR扩增, 建立猪源性成分检测方法; 以常见畜禽肉包括羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鹅肉、鸭肉、兔肉、马肉、鹿肉等参考动物物种作特异性检测; 以50 mg/kg羊肉DNA作为稀释液对猪肉DNA进行梯度稀释, 做灵敏度检测。结果 该方法能够有效对猪源性成分进行快速检测, 具有较强的特异性, 灵敏度较高(可达0.1 μg/kg)并且羊肉成分的存在对猪肉灵敏度检测没有影响。结论 该方法特异性强, 灵敏度高, 可以快速、准确检测畜肉食品中含有的猪源性成分。     

Detection of virulence determinants by real time PCR in E. coli isolated from mutton

Ninety three Escherichia coli isolates belonging to 35 serotypes isolated from market mutton were tested to find out the prevalence of virulence determinants, Verotoxin 1 (VT1), Verotoxin 2 (VT2), Intimin (eae) genes and enterohemolysin production. Real Time PCR based detection was carried out for virulence genes using SYBR green format and amplicons were confirmed by melt curve analysis. Prevalence of VT1 gene in these isolates was much higher (38.70%) on the other hand, that of VT2 gene was nil (0%) while that of eae was very low (3.22%). Enterohemolysin production was found in 31.18% isolates when tested on washed sheep blood agar supplemented with CaCl₂. All enterohemolysin producing isolates were also positive for the VT1 gene.     

Detection of virulence determinants by real time PCR in E. coli isolated from mutton

Ninety three Escherichia coli isolates belonging to 35 serotypes isolated from market mutton were tested to find out the prevalence of virulence determinants, Verotoxin 1 (VT1), Verotoxin 2 (VT2), Intimin (eae) genes and enterohemolysin production. Real Time PCR based detection was carried out for virulence genes using SYBR green format and amplicons were confirmed by melt curve analysis. Prevalence of VT1 gene in these isolates was much higher (38.70%) on the other hand, that of VT2 gene was nil (0%) while that of eae was very low (3.22%). Enterohemolysin production was found in 31.18% isolates when tested on washed sheep blood agar supplemented with CaCl₂. All enterohemolysin producing isolates were also positive for the VT1 gene.     

TaqMan based real time PCR method for quantitative detection of basmati rice adulteration with non-basmati rice

A TaqMan based real time PCR method is developed for the first time to check the adulteration in basmati rice. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BAD2) gene specific primers and probes were used to detect adulterant non-basmati rice content in basmati samples. The results obtained with market samples and validation samples (basmati rice spiked with non-basmati rice in different proportions) clearly revealed that this technique is useful to detect the adulteration very accurately with 1% detection limit.     

荧光定量PCR方法检测畜肉食品中鸭源性成分

目的 建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的鸭源性成分检测方法。方法 本研究以鸭线粒体基因全序列为靶位点设计引物和探针, 进行荧光定量PCR扩增, 建立鸭源性成分检测方法; 以常见畜禽肉包括羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鹅肉、猪肉、兔肉、马肉、鹿肉等参考动物物种作特异性检测; 以50 mg/kg羊肉DNA作为稀释液对鸭肉DNA进行梯度稀释, 做灵敏度检测。结果 该方法能够有效对鸭源性成分进行快速检测, 具有较强的特异性, 灵敏度较高(可达0.1 μg/kg)并且羊肉成分的存在对鸭肉灵敏度检测没有影响。结论 该方法特异性强, 灵敏度高, 可以快速、准确检测畜肉食品中含有的鸭源性成分。     

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis survival during fermentation of soured milk products detected by culture and quantitative real time PCR methods

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), etiological agent of paratuberculosis in ruminants, is able to survive extreme conditions like very low pH (stomach), high temperature (pasteurization) or low temperature (refrigerated storage). Cheese, infant powder milk, cream and other milk and dairy products might thus be considered as possible sources of MAP for humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of two MAP field isolates during fermentation of three different types of soured milk products (SMP; yogurt, acidophilus milk and kefir) under laboratory conditions. Pasteurized MAP-free milk was artificially contaminated with 10(6)MAPcells/mL and survival and absolute numbers of MAP were monitored during fermentation (4 or 16 h) and after six weeks of storage at 4°C by culture and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Viability of MAP was determined by culture using Herrold's egg yolk medium and Middlebrook 7H10 with antibiotics, supplemented with Mycobactin J and incubated at 37°C for up to 12 weeks. The absolute numbers of MAP were quantified by previously published qPCR assays targeting F57 and IS900 loci in MAP genome. We herein confirm that MAP can survive pH reduction, however, longer exposure to pH below 4 in SMP seems to be critical because it inhibits growth. Therefore, it is suggested that probiotic cultures that can decrease pH below 4 during fermentation could provide better inactivation of MAP in SMP.