3种镁合金高应变率压缩性能的比较

在应变率102～103s-1范围,研究比较了Mg-0.6Zr、Mg-3Al-6Zn-0.3Mn-2Y、Mg-8Zn-0.6Zr-5Y 3种镁合金的压缩性能及微观组织变化.研究发现,变形抗力、极限强度以及极限强度的应变率敏感性由大到小依次为:Mg-8Zn-0.6Zr-5Y＞Mg-3Al-6Zn-0.3Mn-2Y＞Mg-0.6Zr;塑性大小则与变形抗力大小相反;3种合金的微观组织应变率敏感性与力学性能应变率敏感性并不一致.     

时效对Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Nd-0.6Zr镁合金强度和耐蚀性的影响

为获得高强耐蚀的Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Nd-0.6Zr合金,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和电化学方法等分析了时效工艺对该合金强度和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明峰值时效合金强度很高但耐蚀性差,晶界析出相粗大且分布连续,在腐蚀溶液中镁合金由于析氢,晶界处很容易形成腐蚀通道。同时纳米尺寸的析出相和镁基体微电偶腐蚀很严重。过时效状态合金强度变化不大但耐蚀性显著增强,过时效样品晶内析出相粗大,晶界析出相分布不连续,腐蚀产物在其表面堆积导致腐蚀通道被堵塞,从而使合金耐蚀性显著提高。     

Ca和Y对Mg-1.5Zn合金热裂行为的影响

采用具有凝固收缩力和凝固温度采集系统的约束杆(CRC)热裂测试装置研究了Ca和Y(2%,3%,质量分数)两种元素对Mg-1.5Zn合金热裂行为的影响,并通过石蜡渗透法测定合金裂纹体积。实验结果表明Mg-1.5Zn合金中添加Ca和Y元素后,由于脆弱区凝固温度范围缩小(△T)使合金的热裂敏感性(HTS)显著降低。另外,随着Ca和Y含量的增加合金的热裂敏感性进一步降低。通过热裂区域的微观组织观察发现由于MgZn-3Ca和Mg-1.5Zn-3Y合金的低熔点共晶相增多使热裂纹可以在凝固末期被共晶液相补缩。热裂纹的微观断口表明热裂是由于凝固末期枝晶分离和液膜撕裂引起的,并且沿着晶界萌生和扩展。     

铸造Mg-3Zn-0.5Cu-0.6Zr镁合金的时效析出行为研究

利用金相显微镜、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、扫描和透射电镜研究了铸造Mg-3Zn-0.5Cu-0.6Zr镁合金铸态和固溶时效后的显微组织,初步确定了时效Mg-3Zn-0.5Cu-0.6Zr镁合金中主要合金相的种类和形态.合金铸态组织主要由初晶Mg基体和(Mg+Mg2Cu,CuMgZn)共晶组成.固溶后,晶界处大部分非平衡共晶组织溶解;180℃/20h时效后达到合金时效硬度峰值,此时晶内析出相主要有三类:(1)轴线垂直于(0001)Mg,板条状或棱柱状β2’-MgZn2,长度50nm～200nm,该相是合金的主要时效硬化相;(2)较粗大的、其轴线仍与基面垂直的六棱柱状β2’-MgZn2;(3)轴线平行于(0001)Mg,板条状或针状β-MgZn,长度50nm～150nm.     

Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金的微观组织与性能研究

目的 研究挤压比对热挤压制备的Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr(VW94)镁合金微观组织、拉伸性能和抗腐蚀性的影响,并揭示挤压比对组织和性能演变的影响机制。方法 用挤压比为16和35的热挤压工艺制备了Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr(VW94)镁合金,通过光镜（OM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段表征并分析了不同挤压比下的微观组织,进一步通过拉伸测试和电化学测试评估合金的力学性能和腐蚀速率,并通过SEM表征断口形貌和腐蚀形貌,分析其断裂方式和腐蚀机制。结果 挤压比的大小并不会影响镁合金的相成分,镁合金主要由α-Mg基体及晶界处的LPSO相组成。当挤压比为16时,第二相数量更多,平均晶粒尺寸更小;当挤压比增大到35时,合金的再结晶程度更高,其晶粒尺寸分布更加均匀。性能表征结果发现,挤压比为16的VW94合金的力学性能更优,其抗拉强度及伸长率分别达到376.3MPa和13.3%,但是挤压比为35的VW94合金的耐腐蚀性能更好。结论 挤压比虽然不会影响相的种类,但是会影响第二相的含量和晶粒尺寸,从而进一步影响拉伸性能和腐蚀速率,因此可以通过优化挤压比协同...     

时效Mg-8.14Zn-1.44Y-0.5Zr合金高温摩擦磨损性能研究

镁合金在航空航天、汽车及通讯领域有着广泛的应用, 为进一步改善镁合金的耐磨性,在不同温度下对Mg-8.14Zn-1.44Y-0.5Zr合金进行了时效处理,并测试了铸态和时效态合金的硬度及高温条件下摩擦磨损行为.采用扫描电子显微镜对不同载荷及环境温度条件下合金的摩擦磨损表面进行观察,并分析了其磨损机制.结果表明：在240 ℃时,随着时效时间的增加,合金的硬度值呈现先增加而后降低的趋势,当时效温度为240 ℃,时间为12 h时,Mg-8.14Zn-1.44Y-0.5Zr合金具有最高的硬度值; 铸态合金的磨损体积损失明显高于时效态合金,两种合金的磨损体积损失均随载荷和环境温度增加而增大,且时效态合金发生严重磨损时对应的转变温度滞后于铸态合金; 环境温度低于250 ℃时,合金的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损,环境温度为300 ℃时,磨损机制变为剥层磨损和黏着磨损.时效处理可显著提高Mg-8.14Zn-1.44Y-0.5Zr合金的硬度及耐磨性.     

海水中小球藻对Mg-3Y-1.5Nd镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪等表面分析技术以及电化学技术,以稀土镁合金Mg-3Y-1.5Nd为基体,研究小球藻对其腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:含小球藻培养液和不含小球藻培养液的镁合金表面主要腐蚀产物均为Mg(OH)2,Mg 3(PO4)2以及Mg 2(OH)3 Cl;含小球藻培养液的镁合金表面腐蚀产物中镁元素的占比较未含小球藻要小(29.6%vs 39.8%);腐蚀产物存在疏松的结构有利于腐蚀性离子侵入,促进镁合金的进一步腐蚀;小球藻的光合作用导致生物膜保护层下出现高浓度的溶解氧,使氧还原阴极电流变大,从而增大Mg-3Y-1.5Nd合金的腐蚀速率。综上所述,当小球藻存在时,Mg-3Y-1.5Nd合金受到的腐蚀更为严重。     

Al-Zn-Bi系合金在NaCl溶液中的电化学性能研究

采用CHI660C电化学工作站测试了Al-5Zn-0.5Bi和Al-5Zn-0.5Bi-0.06Sn合金在3%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS),考察了合金的电化学性能.结果表明,Al-5Zn-0.5Bi中添加0.06%的Sn元素后,自腐蚀电位Ecorr升高0.017V,耐腐蚀性能有所增强.等效电路RS(RPC)(QRD(RaL))较好地拟合了Al-5Zn-0.5Bi系合金在3%NaCl溶液中的EIS谱,基本反映了该铝合金的电化学腐蚀过程.随着合金在3%NaCl溶液中浸泡时间的延长,腐蚀产物膜增厚并部分脱落,主要形成点蚀.另外,腐蚀产物更容易在含Sn合金氧化膜缺陷处形成,阻碍了腐蚀介质中Cl-向其内部扩散,从而减缓了点蚀和自腐蚀速度,有助于提高该合金材料作为牺牲阳极的电流效率.     

添加元素对Mg-3Si合金组织影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射对合金组织进行观察,研究在Mg-3Si(质量分数/%,下同)合金陆续添加Zn,Nd,Gd,Y元素后微观组织演变规律。结果表明:Mg-3Si合金中Mg_2Si粒子具有初生和共晶两种明显不同的形貌;添加3%Zn元素后的Mg-3.0Si-3.0Zn合金中,初生Mg_2Si粒子粗化,共晶Mg_2Si粒子完全消失;在Mg-2.0Nd-3.0Zn-3.0Si合金中,Nd元素的加入能有效地细化初生Mg_2Si粒子并生成少量的Mg_(41)Nd_5粒子;继续添加Gd,Y元素后,在Mg-8.0Gd-4.0Y-2.0Nd-3.0Zn-3.0Si合金中的Gd_5Si_3和YSi等粒子急剧增加而Mg_2Si粒子含量大大减少。通过Thermo-Calc热力学软件的热力学计算表明:Gd_5Si_3,YSi的吉布斯自由能低,Gd,Y原子与Si更容易形成化合物。在Mg-8Gd-4Y-2Nd-3Zn-3Si合金中,Gd_5Si_3,YSi,Mg_2Si三种化合物的室温吉布斯自由能分别为-9.56×10~4,-8.72×10~4,-2.83×10~4J/mol,粒子的质量分数分别为8.07%,5.27%,1.40%。     

Mg-5Gd-4Y-0. 3Zr 合金组织和力学性能研究

目的研究均匀化、挤压及时效热处理对Mg-5Gd-4Y-0.3Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响。方法制备了Mg-5Gd-4Y-0.3Zr合金铸棒,并进行了均匀化处理和热挤压处理。对不同状态的试样进行了拉伸试验,观察了金相显微组织,采用X射线衍射方法进行了结构分析。结果铸态合金组织主要由α-Mg基体和第二相Mg5(Gd,Y)组成;经过均匀化处理后,合金的第二相发生了完全回溶,合金的力学性能得到了提升;合金经挤压后,组织得到了明显细化,在200℃保温60 h得到了强度的最大值,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为423.0 MPa,335.0 MPa与9.0%。结论Mg-5Gd-4Y-0.3Zr合金既保证了低成本,又具有优良的力学性能,适合推广应用。     

Microstructure and corrosion characteristics of laser-alloyed magnesium alloy AZ91D with Al–Si powder

Abstract

Blown-powder laser surface alloying was performed on the magnesium alloy AZ91D with Al–Si alloy powder to improve corrosion resistance. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Mg₂Si, Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and Al₃Mg₂ were formed in the matrix of α-Mg and Al solid solutions in Al–Si alloyed layers. The anodic polarization test in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution showed that preferential corrosion occurred in the α-Mg matrix of the AZ91D base metal. The Al–Si alloyed layers exhibited a lower corrosion rate and a higher polarization resistance than AZ91D. The compactly dispersed dendritic Mg₂Si phase, and the dendritic and angular phases of Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and Al₃Mg₂ in the alloyed microstructure were observed to be corrosion-resistant, constituting a barrier that retards corrosion. Corrosion initiated at the interface between IMCs and the solid solution matrix, and at substructures of the matrix, subsequently pervaded into the surrounding microstructure.     

Microstructure and corrosion characteristics of laser-alloyed magnesium alloy AZ91D with Al–Si powder

Blown-powder laser surface alloying was performed on the magnesium alloy AZ91D with Al–Si alloy powder to improve corrosion resistance. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Mg₂Si, Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and Al₃Mg₂ were formed in the matrix of α-Mg and Al solid solutions in Al–Si alloyed layers. The anodic polarization test in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution showed that preferential corrosion occurred in the α-Mg matrix of the AZ91D base metal. The Al–Si alloyed layers exhibited a lower corrosion rate and a higher polarization resistance than AZ91D. The compactly dispersed dendritic Mg₂Si phase, and the dendritic and angular phases of Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and Al₃Mg₂ in the alloyed microstructure were observed to be corrosion-resistant, constituting a barrier that retards corrosion. Corrosion initiated at the interface between IMCs and the solid solution matrix, and at substructures of the matrix, subsequently pervaded into the surrounding microstructure.     

Corrosion investigation of zinc−aluminum alloy matrix (ZA-27) reinforced with alumina (Al2O3) and fly ash

In this study, zinc?aluminum alloy (ZA-27) matrix composites reinforced by different weight fractions of fly ash or alumina (Al₂O₃) were produced using the traditional stir casting technique. The corrosion behaviors of both unreinforced alloy and reinforced composites were examined using direct current polarization (DCP) test in a simulated sea solution (3.5 wt.% NaCl). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) were used to examine the morphology of the composites’ surface before and after corrosion tests. The results of corrosion revealed that reinforcing ZA-27 alloy by fly ash or Al₂O₃ particles decreases its tendency to uniform corrosion due to the formation of weak microgalvanic couple between matrix and reinforcement particles. The fly ash and alumina (Al₂O₃) particles have protected the matrix material from pits formation at early stage of polarization. However, once these pits are formed, they grow faster. Positive hysteresis of the polarization curves implies that the salt layer breakdown and matrix dissolution overshadow surface passivation during the reverse scan. The electrochemical results are consistent with the pits’ morphology of the corroded composite. Composites with fly ash reinforcements have autocatalytic pits, whereas composites with alumina (Al₂O₃) reinforcements have shallow pits.     

Effect of solution heat treatment and hot extrusion on in vitro corrosion behavior of Mg−2Y−1Zn−0.4Zr−0.3Sr alloys as a potential biodegradable material

In this work, the influence of solution heat treatment and hot extrusion on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of as-cast Mg−2Y−1Zn−0.4Zr−0.3Sr alloys are systematically investigated via X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electrochemical testing, and mass loss testing. The as-cast alloy comprises α-Mg matrix and Mn₃Y₂Zn₃ (W-phase). Solution heat treatment and hot extrusion exert a conspicuous influence on the corrosion behavior of Mg−2Y−1Zn−0.4Zr−0.3Sr alloys through microstructure transformation. Both methods can remarkably improve corrosion resistance, and the as-extruded alloys exhibit an optimal corrosion resistance of 0.0432 mg ⋅ cm⁻² ⋅ h⁻¹ via mass loss testing. The three alloys exhibit a similar corrosion mechanism, which is based on galvanic corrosion. In the later stage of corrosion, a three-tier corrosion layer structure is formed. In combination with an array of analytical methods, the corrosion mechanisms of the three alloys are described in detail.     

Ti基金属玻璃复合材料的腐蚀行为

采用水冷铜坩埚悬浮熔炼-铜模吸铸法制备了直径为3mm的(Ti0.5Ni0.5)80Cu20金属玻璃复合材料试样,对合金的组织结构进行表征,用电化学工作站三电极体系测试了不同腐蚀介质中的动电位极化曲线,并分析表征电化学腐蚀后的形貌和腐蚀产物。结果表明:合金组织由非晶基体+形状记忆晶体相组成,在铸造过程的温度梯度下呈现梯度组织,边缘为快冷形成的无序密堆非晶结构,心部主要析出相为过冷奥氏体相。在人工海水和模拟人体的PBS溶液中,合金均表现出良好的耐蚀性。与晶态TC4合金相比,自腐蚀电位高,腐蚀的热力学倾向小;自腐蚀电流密度低,极化电阻高,腐蚀的动力学速率低。合金在PBS溶液中由于介质中活性阴离子浓度低,比在人工海水中表现出更优异的抗蚀性。在腐蚀形貌中未发现点蚀坑,边缘区的氧化膜较心部区域更为致密均匀。     

The microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of Ce-containing Mg-3Sn-1Ca alloy

The effects of minor Ce on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of Mg-3Sn-1Ca alloy are investigated systematically. The minor Ce can refine the eutectic structure between α-Mg and CaMgSn and make the microstructure more uniform. The maximum ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloy with the Ce content of 0.3?wt-% were 152.5?MPa and 4.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the Ce-containing alloys is improved by Tafel curves and electrochemical impedance spectra, especially when the Ce is up to 0.3?wt-%. The minor Ce can promote the formation of the surface film and makes the corrosion product film to become more compact, which effectively prevents further the occurrence of corrosion of the Mg matrix.     

Dealloying corrosion of anodic and nanometric Mg41Nd5 in solid solution-treated Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy

The microstructure and chemical compositions of the solid solution-treated Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy were characterized using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion behaviour of the alloy was investigated via electrochemical polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),hydrogen evolution test and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP).The results showed that the microstructure of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy contained α-Mg matrix and nanometric second phase Mg41 Nd5.The grain size of the alloy increased significantly with the increase in the heat-treatment duration,whereas the volume fraction of the second phase decreased after the solid solution treatment.The surface film was composed of oxides(Nd2O3,MgO,Li2O and ZnO)and carbonates(MgCO3 and Li2CO3),in addition to Nd.The as-extruded alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance after an initial soaking of 10 min,whereas the alloy with 4h-solution-treatment possessed the lowest corrosion rate after a longer immersion(1 h).This can be attributed to the formation of Nd-containing oxide film on the alloys and a dense corrosion product layer.The dealloying corrosion of the second phase was related to the anodic Mg41Nd5 with a more negative Volta potential relative to α-Mg phase.The preferential corrosion of Mg41Nd5 is proven by in-situ observation and SEM.The solid solution treatment of Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy led to a shift in corrosion type from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion under long-term exposure.     

Effects of Ca on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties and biocompatibility of Mg–Zn–Ca alloys

Zn and Ca were selected as alloying elements to develop an Mg–Zn–Ca alloy system for biomedical application due to their good biocompatibility. The effects of Ca on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties as well as the biocompatibility of the as-cast Mg–Zn–Ca alloys were studied. Results indicate that the microstructure of Mg–Zn–Ca alloys typically consists of primary α-Mg matrix and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃/Mg₂Ca intermetallic phase mainly distributed along grain boundary. The yield strength of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy increased slightly with the increase of Ca content, whilst its tensile strength increased at first and then decreased. Corrosion tests in the simulated body fluid revealed that the addition of Ca is detrimental to corrosion resistance due to the micro-galvanic corrosion acceleration. In vitro hemolysis and cytotoxicity assessment disclose that Mg–5Zn–1.0Ca alloy has suitable biocompatibility.     

激光熔化镁合金凝固组织及腐蚀行为

采用Nd:YAG毫秒脉冲激光器,在高纯氩气保护下扫描AZ91D镁合金样品,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),光学显微镜,扫描电镜(SEM),原子力显微镜(AFM)等对处理后镁合金表面形貌、组织、成分进行研究。使用模拟改性体液和质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液对实验样品进行腐蚀,观察腐蚀表面并计算材料腐蚀率。结果表明:在相同腐蚀时间下,与未被处理样品相比,激光处理后镁合金由于其显微组织中细化的α-Mg相与β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,及选择性气化现象和基体合金化学成分共同导致表面Al元素富集提高了表层的抗腐蚀性能;通过测算激光熔化区枝晶晶胞尺寸与冷却速率的关系得到其凝固方程。     

Evaluating the improvement of corrosion residual strength by adding 1.0 wt.% yttrium into an AZ91D magnesium alloy

The influence of yttrium on the corrosion residual strength of an AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated detailedly. Scanning electron microscope was employed to analyze the microstructure and the fractography of the studied alloys. The microstructure of AZ91D magnesium alloy is remarkably refined due to the addition of yttrium. The electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization curve of the studied alloy was performed with a CHI 660b electrochemical station in the three-electrode system. The result reveals that yttrium significantly promotes the overall corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy by suppressing the cathodic reaction in corrosion process. However, the nucleation and propagation of corrosion pits on the surface of the 1.0 wt.% Y modified AZ91D magnesium alloy indicate that pitting corrosion still emerges after the addition of yttrium. Furthermore, stress concentration caused by corrosion pits should be responsible for the drop of corrosion residual strength although the addition of yttrium remarkably weakens the effect of stress concentration at the tip of corrosion pits in loading process.