Interactive analysis and design of steel frames using the AISC specification

A number of computer programs are available for the analysis of frames and for the design, according to certain codes, of the individual members of such frames. This paper describes the integration of a plane frame analysis program and the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) column design program with interactive computer graphics to provide a complete system for the interactive analysis and design of steel building frames.The user of the program has the option of allowing computer controlled interation between analysis and design to produce a fully stressed design or he may select complete man-machine interaction for control of the analysis-design process. The use of interactive computer graphics displays aids the engineer in interpreting the large bulk of data needed for input and produced by the analysis and design algorithms.     

New computer graphic tools for transportation planners

Three interactive graphic computer programs are described which aid transportation planners in data analysis and display: (1) FLOWMAP, which enables the interactive design of flow maps at a computer graphics terminal using origin-destination data; (2) FLOGRAF, which graphically displays traffic flows along a network using color computer graphics, and (3) TRANES, a transit system analysis program that displays the number and type of potential transit users within specified access limits of transit facilities. Typical applications in transportation planning are suggested for each of the programs and recommendations are made for future enhancements. Readily available sources of data are suggested which can be tapped to provide input to the programs.     

Interactive computer graphics applied to the theoretical aircraft/store separation problem

Recently, a computer program was developed which computes the theoretical trajectory of a store in the complex flow field after release from an aircraft flying at subsonic speeds. However, the engineer still had the exceptionally difficult problem of preparing the source and sink models which are part of the computer program input.Views of the interactive graphics console illustrate how an interactive graphics computer program (SOURCE) is used to prepare source and sink theoretical aerodynamic models for the aircraft fuselage, nacelles, fuel tanks, and store bodies. Use of this interactive graphics computer program reduces the calendar time required to develop a source and sink model from approximately 2 weeks to 1 h. This reduction in required calendar time permits theoretical store separation analyses to be conducted for a store in the early development program when the store shape is frequently being changed.     

p—a timesharing operating system for laboratory automation

An operating system supporting laboratory automation and interactive use of a computer has been designed and implemented for the multiprogrammed RC4000 computer. The emphasis in the design has been to give the user interactive access to as many system resources as possible, and to facilitate writing of process control programs in a high-level language, i.e. ALGOL. The operating system is used to run control and data collection programs for a variety of experiments in physical chemistry. Laboratory automation programs can be started and removed dynamically, and may even be restarted automatically after a system failure. The operating system is a 1500 line ALGOL program. The first version was designed, implemented and debugged in about 4 person-months. The operating system has been running day and night for approximately 5 years without errors despite heavy use.     

The impact of animation interactivity on novices’ learning of introductory statistics

This study examined the impact of animation interactivity on novices’ learning of introductory statistics. The interactive animation program used in this study was created with Adobe Flash following Mayer’s multimedia design principles as well as Kristof and Satran’s interactivity theory. This study was guided by three main questions: 1) Is there any difference in achievement improvement among students who use different interactive levels of an animation program? 2) Is there any difference in confidence improvement among students who use different interactive levels of an animation program? 3) Is there any difference in program perception among students who use different interactive levels of an animation program?     

Interactive computer programs for the analysis of linear microwave circuits

Methods of analysis which may be used for the computer analysis of microwave circuits are outlined. A chain matrix, lumped element and a new mixed matrix method of analysis are considered and compared. The mixed matrix analysis is found to be the most suitable.MICRO 3, an interactive computer program is described. This program uses the mixed matrix analysis for the analysis of linear microwave circuits and includes a list processing approach to data storage and a full syntax analysis of the data. MIC3D, the graphical display version of this program is also described.     

The use of problem solving skills in computer-aided instruction: an evaluation

Abstract When computer programs are designed to elicit problem solving skills by the user, this basic premise should be tested in an objective manner. The Health and Fitness Assessment program was evaluated as an interactive program with a substantial emphasis on the problem solving process. A method of analysis known as protocol analysis was used to demonstrate that 72% of the interpretive statements made by users verified the use of higher level mental functions to interact with the computer. Other evaluative data aided in improving the design of the program.     

计算机在全混流反应器多级串联的应用

在全混流反应器多级串联作3/2级化学反应时,为了求各级反应器的出口浓度,就具体实例利用图解法、递推法和计算机程序法求解。结果表明：递推法计算结果和程序运行结果一致,但递推法费时费力,图解法又不够精确。只有计算机程序的方法简便、快速、精确,在全混流反应器多级串联的设计中具有重要的应用价值。而且,对实际化工生产过程的控制也具有重要意义。     

DRAFT: an interactive map plotting program for structural geologists

DRAFT is a FORTRAN IV program for interactive generation and compilation of geological maps at any scale for geometric analysis, using any combination or quantity of three input file types, and is designed to be simple to use by users with little experience.The input data may consist of three basic types: (1) orientation, (2) alphanumeric, or (3) streamed digitizer data. Output is to the terminal and four-pen graph plotter.All nonstandard FORTRAN IV features used are listed.     

A curve analyzer for micro-computers

A computer program is described that emulates a curve analyzer and fits a sum of up to 30 Gaussian components plus a straight background to any set of equi-spaced data points. The program allows interactive, real time curve fitting by the operator and/or objective curve fitting using a non-linear least squares fitting routine, or a combination of the two. The program is more robust in a micro-computer environment than subtractive or generalized non-linear least squares methods and faster than pattern searching methods. The program has been used over the last 4 years in my laboratory by a number of personnel without any previous experience of computers. It is written in BASIC and runs on a Hawlett-Packard series 200 model 16S (9816) computer or on a Hewlett-Packard model 9845S computer. The program is structured to allow use of any underlying curve shape with 3 parameters per component.     

Shading evaluations with general three-dimensional models

The SHADOWPACK package of computer programs has been developed to facilitate shading evaluations, for the direct component of solar radiation, with general 3D models. An interactive solid modelling program allows the user to construct and view the 3D model before saving it for further analysis and display. Other programs permit the graphical display of the shading situation throughout the year, the quantitative assessment of energy received on different faces of the model, and the display of the distribution of energy received on particular faces by means of contour plots. The use of the computer graphics approach has proved particularly convenient because of the similarity between the techniques used for graphical and numerical algorithms.     

Synthesis of two-dimensional bodies in potential flow

This paper describes the incorporation of simple potential flow theory with limited interactive graphics to produce a computer program for the potential flow analysis of a wide variety of two-dimensional bodies. The general program approach is explained and three particularly effective program techniques developed specifically for use in this program are described. These techniques allow the location of stagnation points, the closure of a streamline, and the tracing of streamline patterns for complex flow. Several possible applications of the program are cited and some examples of these applications are shown.     

A computer-aided selection procedure for rolling element bearings

A computer-aided selection procedure for rolling element bearings is described and its use illustrated by examples of computer printout. The programs are written in the interactive Focal language for use on a PDP-8 computer. To avoid the need for extensive computer storage of bearing data, certain data for the bearing under test have to be entered during each program run.     

PREPRO: a computer program for encoding regional exploration data for use in characteristic analysis

The preprocessor (PREPRO) computer program offers the exploration geologist a variety of options for encoding regional exploration data into ternary form for use in characteristic analysis. PREPRO's options include variable-input formats, cursor input, ordering among a set of input variables, and selectable ternary transformations. Moreover, the program provides for the display of results which, in turn, makes possible review, reselection, and retransformation of variables. Most important, the performance of the listed steps in an interactive computing environment results in rapid and efficient preprocessing of the data.     

An interactive FORTRAN 77 program using GKS graphics for 2.5 D modeling of gravity and magnetic data

An interactive 2.5 D gravity and magnetics modeling program has been written for an ICL PERQ 2 workstation using FORTRAN 77 and GKS graphics. All of the available hardware and software input devices are utilized through GKS to produce an easy-to-use menu-driven program. A large number of functions are controlled by the software in order than the user can concentrate on the model. A range of options also are provided for manipulating the observed anomaly. The use of FORTRAN 77 and GKS should make the program easily portable to other computer systems and graphics devices. The modular form of the program should facilitate readily further development including optimization and real time modeling, given a more powerful computer with high-speed graphics.     

PETFAB: user-considerate FORTRAN 77 program for the generation and statistical evaluation of fabric diagrams

PETFAB is an easy-to-use FORTRAN 77 program which provides a comprehensive structural geologic fabric analysis package for use by geologists and students with little or no computer experience. User-selected options include a plot of data points on an equal-area stereonet, determination of data distribution and preferred orientation, calculation of statistical significance of fit, and contour diagrams using both fixed and variable counting areas. Creation of data files is simplified by use of an interactive utility loading program, LOADFAB. Output is generated on a lineprinter and optionally on a CALCOMP plotter.     

An interactive computer program for randomization analysis of response curves with facilities for multiple comparisons.

An interactive Fortran program, MUCRA, is presented. The program can perform randomization analysis of a completely randomized or randomized-blocks design extended to growth and response curves. A single-step Scheffé-type procedure as well as the Peritz's closed step-down procedure have been implemented which control the familywise type I error-rate. In general, MUCRA is suitable as a computer tool for a distribution-free analysis of variance with repeated measures. The use of MUCRA is demonstrated by analyzing the effects oxprenolol and atenolol have on exercise heart rate. Oxprenolol is a non-selective beta-blocker with moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), given by the Oros delivery system. Atenolol is a beta 1-selective blocker without ISA. A randomized placebo-controlled crossover design was used to compare the effects of the beta 1-blockers on heart rate during a progressive maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. Application of the Scheffé-type procedure showed that the two drugs significantly (alpha = .05) reduce the heart rate during the exercise test at the three prechosen times (2, 5, and 24 hr) after intake. The reduction from atenolol is more pronounced than from oxprenolol Oros at 2 and 5 hr.     

Groundwater quality management modeling using videodigitized data and interactive computer graphics

In the last few years, interactive modeling, digital cartographic analysis, and computer graphics have become important activities in many engineering and resource management organizations. Such computer-aided water resources planning systems are becoming increasingly powerful, both computationally and graphically, and are also becoming more portable and affordable. These systems will be important aids in the synthesis and analysis of resource management plans and policies. They also will provide an improved means of communicating technical data to professional engineers and planners as well as to citizen participation groups.An important component of these interactive systems will be their use of digital, color-coded mapping. Since such mapping has long been regarded as an effective means of presenting spatially- and time-variant information associated with groundwater management problems, for example, its incorporation into the digital world of computer simulation analysis is an important step towards more effective groundwater and other resource planning.This paper very briefly reviews some of our research in the development of interactive modeling-computer graphic systems applied to groundwater quality management problems, and describes the use of videodigitized maps and other images as a means of providing low-cost, cartographic information needed for effective interactive input of geographic and other model data and for the display of model results.