低温等离子体对生物材料表面改性固定生物分子的研究进展

概述了等离子体技术在固定生物分子领域的应用.介绍了低温等离子体技术,包括等离子体直接处理、聚合、刻蚀、以及对生物材料表面改性以固定生物分子的方法、原理、影响因素及其发展趋势.     

Engineered and Laser‐Processed Chitosan Biopolymers for Sustainable and Biodegradable Triboelectric Power Generation

Recent advances achieved in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) focus on boosting power generation and conversion efficiency. Nevertheless, obstacles concerning economical and biocompatible utilization of TENGs continue to prevail. Being an abundant natural biopolymer from marine crustacean shells, chitosan enables exciting opportunities for low‐cost, biodegradable TENG applications in related fields. Here, the development of biodegradable and flexible TENGs based on chitosan is presented for the first time. The physical and chemical properties of the chitosan nanocomposites are systematically studied and engineered for optimized triboelectric power generation, transforming the otherwise wasted natural materials into functional energy devices. The feasibility of laser processing of constituent materials is further explored for the first time for engineering the TENG performance. The laser treatment of biopolymer films offers a potentially promising scheme for surface engineering in polymer‐based TENGs. The chitosan‐based TENGs present efficient energy conversion performance and tunable biodegradation rate. Such a new class of TENGs derived from natural biomaterials may pave the way toward the economically viable and ecologically friendly production of flexible TENGs for self‐powered nanosystems in biomedical and environmental applications.     

One‐Step Fabrication of Pillar and Crater‐Like Structures on Titanium Using Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is used to create periodic crater‐ and pillar‐like patterns on titanium surfaces. A Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm wavelength with a pulse duration of 8 ns and the ability to control the polarization of each individual beam is used for the laser patterning process. The generated periodic patterns with spatial periods of 5 and 10 μm are produced with energy densities between 0.3 and 5.1 J cm^?2 with a single laser pulse. By varying the polarization of each interfering beam and the energy density, various forms of the occurring topography are observed due to the different shape of the interference intensity pattern and the solidification front of the molten material at the maxima positions. The characterization of the surface chemistry shows that the laser treatment increases the relative content of alumina in the reactive layer from 36% to 51%. The structural analysis of pillar‐like patterned surface shows no changes in microstructure after the laser treatment. Contact angles of 47° ± 7° down to 6° ± 4° are measured on both, crater‐ and pillar‐like surfaces which are significantly lower compared to the untreated reference (79° ± 2°).

     

Flexible and High‐Performance All‐2D Photodetector for Wearable Devices

Emerging novel applications at the forefront of innovation horizon raise new requirements including good flexibility and unprecedented properties for the photoelectronic industry. On account of diversity in transport and photoelectric properties, 2D layered materials have proven as competent building blocks toward next‐generation photodetectors. Herein, an all‐2D Bi₂Te₃‐SnS‐Bi₂Te₃ photodetector is fabricated with pulsed‐laser deposition. It is sensitive to broadband wavelength from ultraviolet (370 nm) to near‐infrared (808 nm). In addition, it exhibits great durability to bend, with intact photoresponse after 100 bend cycles. Upon 370 nm illumination, it achieves a high responsivity of 115 A W^?1, a large external quantum efficiency of 3.9 × 10⁴%, and a superior detectivity of 4.1 × 10¹¹ Jones. They are among the best figures‐of‐merit of state‐of‐the‐art 2D photodetectors. The synergistic effect of SnS's strong light–matter interaction, efficient carrier separation of Bi₂Te₃–SnS interface, expedite carrier injection across Bi₂Te₃–SnS interface, and excellent carrier collection of Bi₂Te₃ topological insulator electrodes accounts for the superior photodetection properties. In summary, this work depicts a facile all‐in‐one fabrication strategy toward a Bi₂Te₃‐SnS‐Bi₂Te₃ photodetector. More importantly, it reveals a novel all‐2D concept for construction of flexible, broadband, and high‐performance photoelectronic devices by integrating 2D layered metallic electrodes and 2D layered semiconducting channels.     

Laser‐Induced Graphene in Controlled Atmospheres: From Superhydrophilic to Superhydrophobic Surfaces

The modification of graphene‐based materials is an important topic in the field of materials research. This study aims to expand the range of properties for laser‐induced graphene (LIG), specifically to tune the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the LIG surfaces. While LIG is normally prepared in the air, here, using selected gas atmospheres, a large change in the water contact angle on the as‐prepared LIG surfaces has been observed, from 0° (superhydrophilic) when using O₂ or air, to >150° (superhydrophobic) when using Ar or H₂. Characterization of the newly derived surfaces shows that the different wetting properties are due to the surface morphology and chemical composition of the LIG. Applications of the superhydrophobic LIG are shown in oil/water separation as well as anti‐icing surfaces, while the versatility of the controlled atmosphere chamber fabrication method is demonstrated through the improved microsupercapacitor performance generated from LIG films prepared in an O₂ atmosphere.     

Laser‐Assisted Large‐Scale Fabrication of All‐Solid‐State Asymmetrical Micro‐Supercapacitor Array

The micro‐supercapacitors are of great value for portable, flexible, and integrated electronic equipments. Here, the large‐scale and integrated asymmetrical micro‐supercapacitor (AMSC) array is fabricated in virtue of the laser direct writing and electrodeposition technology. The AMSC shows the ideal flexibility, high areal specific capacitance (21.8 mF cm^?2), and good rate capability. Moreover, its energy density reaches 12.16 µW h cm^?2, outperforming most micro‐supercapacitors reported previously. Meanwhile, large‐scale series‐connected AMSCs are integrated on the flexible substrates (e.g., indium tin oxide‐polyethylene terephthalate film), which can power a veriety of the commercial electronics. The combination of AMSCs array, solar cell, and electronic device proves the feasibility for practical application in the portable, flexible, and integrated electronic equipments.     

电刷镀-激光加工法制备耦合结构及复合特性研究

通过电刷镀-激光加工法在铝合金表面制备出特殊的复合结构,获得具有低黏附、耐腐蚀特性的超疏水表面,其对水的静态接触角达到155.1°,滚动角小于5.6°。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜、接触角测量仪(OCA15Pro)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征表面的形貌结构、润湿特性和物相组成,并通过腐蚀性实验对表面的耐腐蚀性能进行研究。结果表明:制备表面是一种带有孔洞的沟槽与菜花状的凸包簇形成的复合结构,并且各凹槽与凸包结构均为定尺寸分布。电刷镀处理使表面物相组成相对于基体表面发生明显变化,进一步的激光加工使峰值强度增强,材料组织发生细化现象;耦合方法所制备表面的耐腐蚀性也得到改善。     

Multi‐Modal,Surface‐Focused Anticoagulation Using Poly‐2‐methoxyethylacrylate Polymer Grafts and Surface Nitric Oxide Release

This study examines platelet adhesion on surfaces that combine coatings to limit protein adsorption along with “anti‐platelet” nitric oxide (NO) release. Uncoated and poly‐2‐methoxyethylacrylate (PMEA) coated, gas permeable polypropylene (PP) membranes were placed in a bioreactor to separate plasma and gas flows. Nitrogen with 100/500/1000 ppm of NO was supplied to the gas side as a proof of concept. On the plasma side, platelet rich plasma (PRP, 1 × 108 cell/mL) was recirculated at low (60)/high (300) flows (mL/min). After 8 hours, adsorbed platelets on PP was quantified via a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Compared to plain PP, the PMEA coating alone reduced adsorption by 17.4 ± 9.2% and 29.6 ± 16.6% at low and high flow (p < 0.05), respectively. NO was more effective at low plasma flow. At 100 and 500 ppm of NO, adsorption fell by 37.9 ± 6.1% and 100 ± 4.7%, (p < 0.001), on plain PP. At high flow with 100, 500, and 1000 ppm of NO, adsorption reduced by 17.9 ± 17.8%, 46.4 ± 23.2%, and 100 ± 4.8%, (p < 0.001), respectively. On PMEA‐coated PP with only 100 ppm, adsorption fell by 69.7 ± 6.8 and 65.6% ± 16.9%, (p < 0.001), at low and high flows respectively. Therefore, the combination of an anti‐adsorptive coating with NO has great potential to reduce platelet adhesion and coagulation at biomaterial surfaces.     

The Human In Vivo Biomolecule Corona onto PEGylated Liposomes: A Proof‐of‐Concept Clinical Study

The self‐assembled layered adsorption of proteins onto nanoparticle (NP) surfaces, once in contact with biological fluids, is termed the “protein corona” and it is gradually seen as a determinant factor for the overall biological behavior of NPs. Here, the previously unreported in vivo protein corona formed in human systemic circulation is described. The human‐derived protein corona formed onto PEGylated doxorubicin‐encapsulated liposomes (Caelyx) is thoroughly characterized following the recovery of liposomes from the blood circulation of ovarian carcinoma patients. In agreement with previous investigations in mice, the in vivo corona is found to be molecularly richer in comparison to its counterpart ex vivo corona. The intravenously infused liposomes are able to scavenge the blood pool and surface‐capture low‐molecular‐weight, low‐abundance plasma proteins that cannot be detected by conventional plasma proteomic analysis. This study describes the previously elusive or postulated formation of protein corona around nanoparticles in vivo in humans and illustrates that it can potentially be used as a novel tool to analyze the blood circulation proteome.     

Bioinspired Stimuli‐Responsive and Antifreeze‐Secreting Anti‐Icing Coatings

The detrimental impacts of icing on transportation and power industries are well‐known. Inspired by natural systems that secrete a functional liquid in response to stimuli, this work introduces an anti‐icing coating that responds to surface icing by releasing antifreeze liquid. It consists of an outer porous superhydrophobic epidermis and a wick‐like underlying dermis that is infused with antifreeze liquid. The functionality of the new coating is validated through condensation frosting, simulated freezing fog, and freezing rain experiments. In the tested conditions, the introduced anti‐icing skin delays onset of frost, rime, and glaze accumulation at least ten times longer than anti‐icing superhydrophobic and lubricant impregnated surfaces. Furthermore, the coating delays onset of glaze formation ten times longer than surfaces flooded with a thin film of antifreeze. In each of the icing scenarios, the fundamental mechanisms responsible for antifreeze release and their relation to required antifreeze replenishment rates are described.