Structure and Properties of Aluminum Alloys Modified with Silicon Carbide by Laser Surface Treatment

We study the structure and properties of AA6082 and AA7075 aluminum alloys modified with particles of SiC with the help of a laser. It is shown that the wear resistance of alloys laser reinforced with SiC in the case of friction against an abrasive wheel is 30–75 times higher than for nonmodified alloys. On the basis of the data of electrochemical investigations, it is shown that, for AA7075 alloy, the influence of its structural heterogeneity on the variation of corrosion potentials decreases as the corrosion activity of the medium increases. We measured the values of corrosion currents of the surfaces of alloys in various corrosive solutions. __________ Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 34–40, May–June, 2005.     

Laser Refining of a Surface Layer with Silicon Carbide

The article discusses the effect of adding silicon carbide by laser remelting of low-carbon steel. Tests in laser remelting were carried out with energy inputs ranging between 10 and 80 J/mm² with the most favorable degree, i.e., 30%, of overlapping of individual trace. Sufficient energy input was necessary to dissolve silicon-carbide with iron. A microchemical analysis of the remelted layer confirmed the dissolution of silicon carbide and formation of a smaller portion of martensite (10-20%) and of suesite Fe₃Si (65-80%). It was found that the test-specimen deformation was smallest with the laser-beam in the zig-zag motion. The surface was also assessed visually. The choice of adequate remelting conditions reduced, i.e., prevented, the occurrence of cracks and other defects. The influence of energy input and the mode of laser-beam travel on the efficiency of remelting, i.e., refining, was described by a ratio of the width of the remelted surface layer to its depth, which should amount to around 5:1.     

快速烧成连续碳化硅纤维的表面分析

以聚碳硅烷（PCS）为先驱体；经熔融纺丝、不熔化处理和快速烧成工艺制备出性能较好的连续碳化硅（SiC)纤维。采用XPS、SEM、TG等方法对所得SiC纤维的表面结构组成和热稳定性进行了分析，并探讨了快速烧成方式下引起纤维抗拉强度降低的主要原因。结果表明：快速烧成的SiC纤维表层有富含游离碳的热解沉积物，对纤维的热稳定性产生不利影响，采用超声清洗可以将其快速除去；表层缺陷是引起SiC纤维抗拉强度下降的主要原因。     

SiC粉体表面性质及其浆料流变性质研究

研究了两种不同来源的SiC粉体的表面性质及其浆料的流变性质．发现尽管两种粉体的粒径分布相近,形貌相似,但由于粉体表面性质的差别导致两种粉体形成的浆料有不同的流变性质．其中SiC－1粉体需添加分散剂PEI形成稳定浆料,其最高固体含量为40vol％,而SiC－2仅依靠调节浆料的pH至10左右即可以获得固体含量高达55vol％的稳定浆料．     

碳含量对无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷的显微组织和力学性能的影响

在碳化硼添加量为1wt％的条件下,考察不同碳含量对2000℃下制备的无压固相烧结碳化硅陶瓷的显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:物相分析显示不同C含量的SiC陶瓷样品的XRD衍射图谱近似相同,其中主相均为SiC,检测到少量C,未检测到B4 C相.当C含量为3wt％时,SiC陶瓷样品的力学性能达到最佳,其相对密度、抗折强度、断裂韧性与维氏硬度分别为98.6％、452 MPa、4.5 MPa·m1/2和30 GPa.继续增加碳含量,SiC晶粒存在局部异常长大现象,相应样品的力学性能也有所下降.     

Analysis of Microstructure of Silicon Carbide Fiber by Raman Spectroscopy

The SiC fiber was prepared by chemical vapour depostion, which consists of tungsten core, SiC layer and carbon coating. The microstructure of the fiber was investigated using Raman spectroscopy, illustrating SiC variation in different region of the fiber. The result shows that the SiC layer can be subdivided into two parts in the morphologies of SiC grains; their sizes increase and their orientations become order with increasing distance from the fiber center. It is demonstrated that the mount of free carbon in the fiber is responsible for the variation of SiC grains in sizes and morphologies. The analysis of Raman spectra shows that the predominant β-SiC has extensive stacking faults within the crystallites and mixes other polytypes and amorphous SiC into the structure in the fiber.     

PCVD法对碳化硅陶瓷的表面改性研究

利用等离子辉光放电化学气相沉积技术（ＰＣＶＤ），控制甲烷与磋烷质量流量比、硅烷与氨质量流量比，在碳化硅基体表面分别沉积上无定形碳化硅和氨化硅薄膜，研究其膜的组成、沉积工艺、厚度等对碳化硅陶瓷的强度改性影响．在一定的沉积条件下沉积的碳化硅薄膜可以使基体强度提高２０％达到８５０ＭＰａ，沉积氮化硅薄膜使强度提高３０％达到９００ＭＰａ，改性的效果很明显．     

Laser Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Silicon Carbide

We show that surface laser modification through a coating containing SiC powder is an efficient method for enhancing the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. The laser melting of SiC particles enriches the pool of substrate melt with silicon and carbon. In the course of crystallization, primary dendrites, which are identified as TiC, are formed at first. After fast cooling to room temperature, a multiphase structure consisting of Ti₅Si₃ and TiSi₂ silicides and ductile -martensite is formed in the interdendritic space. Such a composite structure of the surface layer has a microhardness of 5–6 GPa and guarantees a sharp enhancement of the wear resistance under conditions of dry sliding friction as compared with the hardened-and-aged structure of this alloy.     

碳化硼颗粒级配对硅反应结合碳化硼复合材料结构与性能的影响

本研究探讨了碳化硼原料颗粒尺寸对反应结合碳化硼复合材料相组成、结构与性能的影响。研究结果表明:颗粒级配可以使粉体堆积更加密实, 有效提高压制坯体的体积密度, 最终降低复合材料中游离Si的含量; 加入粗颗粒可减缓B₄C与Si的反应, 减少SiC相的生成; 当原料中粒径为3.5、14、28、45 μm的B₄C粉体按质量比为1.5 : 4 : 1.5 : 3配比时, 所制备的复合材料维氏硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和体积密度分别为(29±5) GPa、(320±32) MPa、(3.9±0.2) MPa·m^1/2和2.51 g/cm³。在制备复合材料过程中减缓B₄C与Si反应速度、减少游离Si的含量和缩小Si区域尺寸是其性能升高的主要原因。     

Laser Machining of Silicon Nitride Base Materials

This paper describes the depth controlled machining of TiN/Si₃N₄ and SiC/ Si₃N₄ ceramic materials using a Nd:YAG laser. Material removal rates, surface finishes and microcracking tendencies are examined. Material removal rates as high as 0.11 cc/min were obtained on TiN/Si₃N₄. Pulse length was found to have a strong influence on the micro-cracking. Microcracks were reduced when pulse length was shortened, while keeping all other parameters constant. Pulse energy influences surface roughness, smoother surfaces were produced with lower energies. When processing in the 0.8 and 1.0 J/pulse range an average surface roughness of 0.81 μm was obtained. Plasma formation does not affect the material removal rates when overlapping pulses up to 75% at frequencies below 200 Hz are used.     

Fast Melting of Amorphous Silicon Carbide Induced by Nanosecond Laser Pulse

We report the first experimental detailed study of laser induced surface melting on the nanoscale time scale of amorphous silicon carbide layers produced by ion implantation. Time-resolved reflectivity has been used to observe the fast liquid–solid–liquid transition features, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used in order to study the structure resulting after the fast solidification following the laser induced melting. By means of the evaluation of the laser fluences required to induce melting of amorphous layers of different thickness on top of a crystalline substrate, we evaluated the thermal diffusion coefficient and the melting point of the amorphous material which occurred much lower than for crystalline material. Moreover, we give evidence of amorphous-to-crystal transitions occurring in the solid phase on the nanosecond time scale, for laser irradiation at fluences below the melting threshold. A quite different crystalline structure is observed for crystallization from the liquid phase than from the solid phase.     

Hydrophobic Texture Screening of Laser Ablated Silicon Carbide Surface and Its Influencing Factors Analysis and Optimization

Four types of micro textures (grid, strip, square, and circle) are engraved on SiC surface by nanosecond laser and the texture with the best hydrophobicity is screened. Influence of processing parameters on the hydrophobicity is obtained by orthogonal experiment, which led to the determination of the optimal parameter combination. Relationship between the contact angle and the structural parameters of the micro texture is further investigated. Results show that the strip texture has the best hydrophobic performance and the contact angle increases with time until it reaches a stabilization (≈124.4°) after 192 h. The optimal combination of processing parameters is determined as follows: line spacing C = 275 μm, scanning velocity V = 1100 mm s⁻¹, power W = 15%, frequency f = 35 kHz, and number N = 100. The contact angle is closely related to bulge width c₁, groove width c₂, and groove depth h_g of the micro texture, and a larger contact angle generally corresponds to a smaller c₂ and a lager h_g. The droplets on the strip-texture surface are in Wenzel–Cassie or Wenzel state, which presents hydrophobic and diversion characteristics under the action of micro-nano composite structure and the anisotropy of micro texture.     

Preparation of Silicon Carbide with High Properties

［1］T.J.Whalen: Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 1986, 7, 1135. ［2］Lingshen WANG: Special Ceramics, Published by Zhongnan Institute of Technology, 1994. 165. (in Chiness) ［3］W.J.Kim and Y.W.Kim: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1998,6, 1669. ［4］D.H.Kim and C.H.Kim: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1990,5, 1431. ［5］Y.W.Kim, H.Tanaka, M.Mitomo and S.Otani: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 1995, 3, 257.     

碳源及添加比例对固相烧结碳化硅陶瓷微观结构及性能的影响

研究了碳的添加量为6wt%条件下, 添加碳源的种类及添加比例对制备的无压固相烧结碳化硅陶瓷的微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明: 采用纯无机碳源(碳黑), 制备的碳化硅陶瓷具有较为细小的碳化硅晶粒结构, 但致密度较低; 添加有机碳源(酚醛树脂)时, 随着其裂解碳添加量的增加, 碳化硅的晶粒逐步长大, 碳在材料中的分布更加均匀, 材料的致密度提高, 力学性能增强。当有机碳源裂解碳添加量达3wt%时, 材料的致密度最高, 并具有最大的弹性模量468 GPa, 断裂韧性达4.65 MPa·m^1/2。当有机碳源裂解碳添加量大于3wt%时, 碳化硅晶粒发生局部异常长大现象, 材料的弯曲强度与断裂韧性进一步增加。同时, 对材料的热扩散系数随碳源添加种类和比例变化的规律也进行了分析与讨论。     

掺铝氧化锌透明导电薄膜的表面织构研究

利用中频直流磁控反应溅射法在玻璃衬底上首先制备了掺铝氧化锌(AZO)透明导电薄膜,然后利用5%的氯化铵(NH4Cl)溶液对制备的AZO薄膜进行表面织构。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、四探针法和分光光度计分别测量并研究了织构前后薄膜的表面形貌、电学和光学特性。研究结果表明NH4Cl水溶液容易控制AZO的表面织构过程,并且可以获得较好的绒面。表面织构后,薄膜在可见光波段的平均反射率从12%降低到7.86%,而电阻率略有增大,该结果和表面织构结果一致。     

Zr702表面激光熔覆FeCrAl涂层微观组织及性能研究

目的 优化激光熔覆工艺参数,制备综合性能良好的FeCrAl涂层,提高Zr702基体的表面性能。方法 通过同轴送粉方式,利用激光熔覆技术在Zr702表面制备了Fe CrAl涂层,采用配备能谱仪（EDS）的扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、数字显微硬度计、高速往复摩擦试验机及马弗炉研究了不同激光功率（1 300、1 400、1 600、1 800 W）与扫描速度（7、8、9 mm/s）对FeCrAl涂层成型质量、显微硬度、耐磨性及抗高温空气氧化性能的影响。结果 从所制备涂层的宏观形貌及微观组织可以观察到,在激光功率为1 600W、扫描速度为9 mm/s时,涂层成型质量最好。显微硬度测试结果表明,随着激光功率和扫描速度的增大,显微硬度呈减小趋势,但涂层显微硬度均高于Zr702基体,平均显微硬度约为基体的2.70～3.78倍。耐磨性能测试结果表明,涂层的磨损量小于Zr702基体,在激光功率为1 600 W、扫描速度为7 mm/s时,磨损量最低。氧化结果表明,800℃氧化时涂层未表现出良好的防护作用,但在1 000℃氧化时,涂层样品皆表现出优于Zr702基体的抗高温空气氧化性能。结论 ...     

电化学腐蚀多孔硅表面形貌的结构特性

多孔硅作为微电子机械系统中重要的热绝缘层和牺牲层材料,其表面形貌结构特性是影响多孔硅上薄膜器件性能的重要因素,为此,利用双槽电化学腐蚀方法制备了多孔硅薄膜,并通过原子力显微镜和场发射扫描电子显微镜对制备多孔硅的表面形貌和孔径大小分布进行了观察．结果发现：腐蚀初期,在硅表面会有大量的硅柱形成,硅柱的直径、高度、分布密度与电流密度成正比关系;硅柱在进一步腐蚀过程中会消失,多孔硅的表面粗糙度随着腐蚀的进行,先减小再增大,最后达到稳定值0．52nm;多孔硅孔径大小分布区间随腐蚀时间增加变窄．     

Microstructure and Properties of Laser Surface Alloying 304 Stainless Steel with Si

Silicon was added to the surface of 304 stain-less steel by laser melting the sprayed preplaced Sipowders.The optical microscopy,X-ray diffractionand EPMA were employed to investigate themicrostructure and chemical composition of thelaser surface alloyed layer.The hardness of the al-loyed layer was measured by microhardness testand wear resistance was evaluated by scratch test.Corrosion resistance of laser alloyed sample wasstudied in 1N H_2SO_4+0.1N NaCl and0.5N HCl+0.5N NaCl aqueous solutions.Amicrocrystalline intermetallic compound coatingwith smooth surface and good chemicalhomogeneity without porosity and crack is ob-tained.The hardness is about 720 HV.The wear re-sistance is 2 times better than that of the substrate.The corrosion resistance of the laser alloyed sampleis much better than that of 304 stainless steelsample.     

成型压力对SiC陶瓷制品密度的影响

本文研究了不同压力下干压成型的陶瓷制品,在2150℃的高温下进行固相无压烧结,制备性能较好的陶瓷制品。通过对烧结体密度的研究,得出最佳的成型压力条件为100MPa,烧结密度为3．111g／cm^3,相对密度为97％。