基于时间反演的目标信号稀疏检测方案

在复杂多径环境中,为了提升雷达系统对目标信号检测能力,同时减少接收端采样部分空间与时间的使用,提出一种联合时间反演与压缩感知的目标信号检测方案。首先通过时间反演的空时聚焦特性,减少多径效应带来的影响,使目标信号能量聚焦,然后设计一个新的压缩测量矩阵,该压缩矩阵具有一定的降噪特性,且无需重构信号,通过直接处理压缩测量样本进行检测。理论分析和仿真结果表明,本文提出的方案在抗噪声、降低多径环境影响和减轻信号处理压力上具有优势。      

低空多径环境下雷达目标检测性能研究

针对低空多径环境下不同体制雷达目标检测性能展开研究,通过优化配置雷达阵元达到多径环境下的最优检测性能。建立低空多径环境下雷达接收信号模型,引入多径功率传播因子,将经典的Swerling目标起伏模型推广应用于低空多径环境,采用特征函数法推导低空多径环境下不同体制雷达的检测概率。仿真研究了多径功率传播因子对检测性能的影响,比较不同体制雷达的检测性能,结果表明多输入单输出雷达兼具相控阵雷达和多输入多输出雷达的优点,在多径环境下具有稳定的检测性能。     

基于多普勒扩展补偿的FDA-MIMO雷达运动目标检测

频控阵-多输入多输出(FDA-MIMO)雷达在检测运动目标时,由于发射阵元间的频率偏移与目标的速度耦合,因此在慢时间维出现严重的多普勒扩展,进一步造成各接收通道的信号能量无法相干累积,极大降低了系统的检测性能。针对此问题,该文提出一种基于多普勒扩展补偿的FDA-MIMO雷达运动目标检测算法。首先建立了FDA-MIMO雷达运动目标的回波模型,分析了频偏带来的多普勒扩展问题;然后在给出最大似然接收机模型的基础上,提出一种基于插值滤波的重采样算法来补偿FDA-MIMO雷达在检测运动目标时引起的多普勒扩展。仿真结果表明:该文所提算法在抑制多普勒扩展的同时,能够补偿子目标回波在距离维的跨单元走动,实现信号能量的相参累积。      

An Effective Timing Synchronization Scheme for DHTR UWB Receivers

In performing short-distance, high-data-rate wireless communications using ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, it is necessary to reduce the average transmission power and ensure a fixed synchronization error between the transmitter and receiver ends. Furthermore, to reduce multipath interference, the UWB system should be sometimes implemented using a rake receiver. However, for such receivers, the delay time and attenuation loss over each transmitted route must be known in advance. In the present study, the complexity of rake receivers with a large number of “fingers” is reduced by means of a delay-hopped transmitted-reference (DHTR) scheme, in which the delayed signal is correlated with the original signal; thereby avoiding the need for a separate template signal. The synchronization performance of the proposed DHTR receiver is analyzed both theoretically and numerically. An effective timing synchronization scheme, designated as “parallel signal acquisition with shared looped delay-line” (PS-SLD), is then proposed. The simulation results show that for multipath environments with a single user, the proposed synchronization scheme achieves a higher detection probability and a lower normalized mean square error (MSE) than the traditional timing dirty templates (TDT) algorithm.     

Detection probability of EBPSK-MODEM system

Since the impacting filter-based receiver is able to transform phase modulation into amplitude peak, a simple threshold decision can detect the Extend-Binary Phase Shift Keying (EBPSK) modulated ranging signal in noise environment. In this paper, an analysis of the EBPSK-MODEM system output gives the probability density function for EBPSK modulated signals plus noise. The equation of detection probability (p_d) for fluctuating and non-fluctuating targets has been deduced. Also, a comparison of the p_d for the EBPSK-MODEM system and pulse radar receiver is made, and some results are plotted. Moreover, the probability curves of such system with several modulation parameters are analysed. When modulation parameter is not smaller than 6, the detection performance of EBPSK-MODEM system is more excellent than traditional radar system. In addition to theoretical considerations, computer simulations are provided for illustrating the performance.     

Optimum Receiver Design for Broadband Doppler Compensation in Multipath/Doppler Channels With Rational Orthogonal Wavelet Signaling

In this paper, we address the issue of signal transmission and Doppler compensation in multipath/Doppler channels. Based on a wavelet-based broadband Doppler compensation structure, this paper presents the design and performance characterization of optimum receivers for this class of communication systems. The wavelet-based Doppler compensation structure takes account of the coexistence of multiple Doppler scales in a multipath/Doppler channel and captures the information carried by multiple scaled replicas of the transmitted signal rather than an estimation of an average Doppler as in conventional Doppler compensation schemes. The transmitted signal is recovered by the perfect reconstruction (PR) wavelet analysis filter bank (FB). We demonstrate that with rational orthogonal wavelet signaling, the proposed communication structure corresponds to a Lth-order diversity system, where L is the number of dominant transmission paths. Two receiver designs for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signal transmission are presented. Both receiver designs are optimal under the maximum-likelihood (ML) criterion for diversity combination and symbol detection. Good performance is achieved for both receivers in combating the Doppler effect and intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath while mitigating the channel noise. In particular, the second receiver design overcomes symbol timing sensitivities present in the first design at reasonable cost to performance.     

基于电视或调频广播的非合作式双（多）基地雷达及关键技术

基于电视或调频广播的非合作式双(多)基地雷达是以电视或调频广播的发射机作为非合作式双(多)基地雷达的辐射源,具有反侦察、抗干扰、反隐身、抗反辐射导弹的潜在优势,有良好的发展前景。介绍了基于电视或调频广播的非合作式双(多)基地雷达的发展历史和现状,分析了其基本原理及基本测量参量,探讨了一些实现基于电视或调频广播的非合作式双(多)基地雷达的关键技术。     

基于FDA雷达的多径干扰抑制及目标检测

针对机载雷达低空目标检测应用背景,本文建立低空入射角下FDA (Frequency diverse array)雷达目标探测中的修正型多径检测模型,提出基于FDA雷达的多径干扰抑制方法,并利用无训练数据广义似然比检测(Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test,GLRT)方法实现多径传播环境下的...     

New formulation of GNSS acquisition with CFAR detection

This paper deals with the analysis of the acquisition process performed by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver with a pilot and data channel or in case of GNSS hybrid receiver. Signal acquisition decides the presence or absence of GNSS signal by comparing signal under test with a fixed threshold and provides a code delay and a Doppler frequency estimation, but in low signal conditions or in a noisy environment; acquisition systems are vulnerable and can give a high false alarm and low detection probability. Firstly, we introduce a cell‐averaging‐constant false alarm rate (CFAR) then a data‐pilot cell‐averaging‐CFAR detector fusion based to deal with these situations. In this context, we use a new mathematical derivation to develop a closed‐form analytic expressions for the probabilities of detection and false alarm. The performances of the proposed detector are evaluated and compared with a non‐CFAR case through an analytical and numerical results validated by Mont Carlo simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高轨辐射源被动雷达空-时积累海面动目标检测技术

被动雷达作为一种特殊的双（多）基雷达体制,具有低成本、反隐身和抗干扰能力强等显著优势;与传统辐射源相比,地球同步轨道（geosynchronous earth orbit, GEO）卫星具有覆盖面积广、重访周期短、地面功率密度高等特性,将其作为辐射源构成高轨辐射源被动雷达,在广域持续隐蔽探测中具有显著优势。本文针对一发多收的高轨辐射源被动雷达系统,为解决多基目标回波的高精度融合问题,提出了一种基于空-时联合积累的高轨辐射源被动雷达海面运动目标检测技术。首先,利用Keystone变换和去调频傅里叶变换实现目标回波能量跨距离单元和跨多普勒单元现象的校正,并将各站目标回波能量积累到多普勒参数域;然后,根据目标角度、距离、多普勒参数与多基构型间的解析形式,建立各站目标回波域、多普勒参数域间各自映射关系,从而解决了多基间目标距离和多普勒参数的差异性问题,完成了多基间目标回波能量的对齐和积累,实现了高轨辐射源被动雷达动目标检测和定位。      

Maximuma posteriori decorrelating discrete-time rake receiver

Recently, a discrete-time version of the rake receiver has been proposed, as an alternative to the conventional continuous-time rake receiver, to overcome the need for complex path searching and tracking procedures. This discrete-time version is able to tackle diffuse multipath channels, avoiding by the way any required knowledge on the delays associated to the most significant channel paths. Unfortunately, it has been found to be very sensitive to channel estimation quality and leads to a significant degradation in performance in practice. To reduce this degradation, we propose and investigate in this paper an optimum structure of this discrete-time rake receiver, according to the maximuma posteriori criterion. Derived from an uncorrelated version of the discrete-time channel, provided by the Karhunen-Loève orthogonal expansion theorem, this structure requires for its operation more or less precise estimates of the discrete-time channel statistics. Consequently, for a precise characterization and evaluation of the enhancement in performance provided by this new structure, we propose to use both perfect and estimated statistics of the discrete-time channel. The estimated statistics, derived in conformity with the maximum likelihood criterion, are carried on a symbol-by-symbol basis. The performance of this new structure is evaluated through theoretical and simulation results and compared to that of the conventional discrete-time rake receiver with perfect and estimated discrete-time channel state information. In this evaluation, a diffuse multipath Rayleigh fading propagation channel with classical Doppler power spectrum and exponentially decaying multipath intensity profile is used.     

二次雷达数字时间灵敏度控制处理的实现

如何有效剔除二次雷达系统中存在的干扰目标,提升设备的处理能力和效率,一直是系统最关注的方向之一。区别于传统信道接收机灵敏度简单调节的方法,提出了一种基于可编程门阵列( FPGA)实时计算目标应答信号强度的方法,通过设置有效应答信号范围,在应答脉冲处理阶段剔除时间灵敏度控制( STC)门限外由多径及异步等引起的干扰脉冲,减少了后期处理的信息数据,提升了系统效率和系统的多目标处理能力。通过外场实验验证,该方法能有效减少二次雷达系统内70%的虚警目标。     

一种复合多基地雷达密集多目标检测的新方法

密集多目标探测是当前雷达技术领域面临的前沿课题和紧迫任务。该文提出了一种T/R-R2复合多基地雷达信号融合方法,建立了单基地雷达接收机和多基地雷达接收机的目标回波信号模型,针对3维空间,基于距离信息提出了复合多基地雷达信号融合模型,采用最大似然法对密集多目标进行检测,分析了信噪比、目标数量、目标起伏、检测门限以及复合多基地雷达几何配置对检测性能的影响。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明该文方法对密集多目标的检测是有效的。Swerling II型目标为本文推导的假设条件,但在Swerling 0和IV型目标起伏条件下该文的检测算法仍然有效。     

MIMO雷达中基于时间反演的移动目标检测方案

在多输入多输出（Multiple input multiple output,MIMO）雷达中,针对运动目标所产生的信号变化易受多径效应和杂波环境的影响,导致运动目标检测性能不理想的问题,提出了一种基于时间反演（Time Reversal,TR）的优化方案。首先,利用时间反演的空时聚焦性,减少多径效应对目标信号的影响,同时使运动目标产生的信号能量聚焦,不易淹没在杂波环境中;其次,通过奈曼皮尔逊准则设计检测算法并计算出检测概率的近似计算公式;最后仿真结果表明:在杂波环境具有相同信噪比情况下,所提方案比传统MIMO的检测方法有较好的性能提升。      

Linear Differentially Coherent Multiuser Detection for Multipath Channels

By combining multipath processing, differential signal detection, and multiuser detection techniques, we develop a class of near-far resistant linear detectors for differentially coherent multipath signals. We derive and establish performance relationships among the following detectors: an optimally near-far resistant detector, a suboptimum detector which does not require knowledge of the signal coordinates, and a minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector which achieves near-optimum asymptotic efficiency. We present an adaptive multiuser detector which converges to the MMSE detector without training sequences and which requires less information than the conventional single user rake receiver.     

低空雷达导引头海面目标检测性能分析

该文以雷达导引头低空检测海面目标为背景,综合分析了多径环境和海杂波环境对雷达导引头目标检测的影响。通过对目标回波、多径散射的镜反射、漫反射以及海杂波进行建模,结合具体场景,仿真分析了镜反射、漫反射以及海杂波对雷达导引头接收信号的影响,进而分析了多径散射和海杂波对雷达导引头检测不同大小目标时检测性能的影响效果。仿真结果表明:雷达导引头检测RCS低于1 m2的小目标时,海杂波是影响雷达导引头检测性能的主要因素;雷达导引头检测RCS大于10 m2的目标时,多径效应是影响雷达导引头检测性能的主要因素;雷达导引头检测RCS大于104 m2的目标时,雷达导引头的检测性能不受海杂波和多径效应影响。     

Adaptive parameter estimation using parallel Kalman filtering forspread spectrum code and Doppler tracking

We present a new digital direct-sequence (DS) receiver with joint estimation of code delay, multipath gains and Doppler shift. A parameter estimator consisting of a parallel bank of extended Kalman filters (EKF's) extracts estimates of the timing, τ and the multipath coefficients, f_l distorting the received signal. A “detected” estimate of the Doppler shift, v_r distorting the received signal is also provided by the estimator. We compute the bit error rate that results when a RAKE matched filter uses the estimated parameters to detect the DPSK encoded binary data in the received signal. The bit-error rate (BER) is evaluated, and successful performance of the proposed receiver in the presence of Doppler shift distortion is observed in many cases. We demonstrate that the receiver can operate when the multipath coefficients vary in time (Doppler spread)     

基于载波域自适应迭代滤波器的无源雷达多径杂波抑制方法

在无源雷达系统中,监测通道信号中存在零频和非零频多径杂波,影响目标的检测。时域自适应迭代滤波器(如LMS, NLMS, RLS等)常被用于无源雷达杂波抑制,但这些方法只适用于零频多径杂波。该文针对零频和非零频多径杂波的问题,结合数字广播电视信号的正交频分复用波形特征,提出一种基于载波域自适应迭代滤波器的杂波抑制算法。该算法利用同一载频下含有相同多普勒频移的多径杂波的相关性原理,进行杂波抑制。仿真和实测数据处理结果证明了算法的有效性。     

采用自适应功率回归门限设定的HF雷达舰船探测

高频（HF）雷达能够探测和跟踪极远距离上的目标。但是，包含外部噪声、各种不同杂波和干扰的信号环境将大大限制探测性能和系统能力。文中研究了一种新方法来解决复杂HF雷达信号环境中的目标探测问题。该方法采用传统的恒虚警率（CFAR）检测方法，但其门限设置是基于沿距离和多普勒单元功率谱值的回归分析。就中，CFAR检测试验规则与局部峰值测量方法相结合。文中所提探测方法已经真实HF雷达数据试验，得到了很有前景的结果。     

雷达的杂波特性及杂波抑制技术

针对脉冲多普勒体制雷达,从杂波特性入手,就雷达的动目标检测和杂波抑制技术进行了讨论,并举例说明有关指标的计算。经过工程实践验证,采用大动态范围的线性接收机和FFT数字信号处理技术相结合的方案,能获得更高的改善因子和杂波抑制能力。