水包油(O/W)型乳液静电纺丝

将不同质量的聚氧乙烯(PEO)加入到由乳液聚合而得到的均匀的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/水乳液中,制备了稳定、质量分数分别为10%、15%、20%的PEO/乳液,并将其作为纺丝液进行静电纺丝。通过纳米粒径分析仪、粘度计、溶液电导率测试仪分析了纺丝液的性质;应用电子显微镜(SEM)分析了纺丝液浓度、纺丝电压、丝液流速对纤维形貌的影响。结果表明,采用乳液静电纺丝法可以制备具有芯-鞘结构的纳米颗粒及纳米纤维。     

碳纳米管改性海泡石多孔陶瓷及其高效油水分离性能研究

为了有效地从油/水混合液体中回收油, 本工作以纤维状海泡石为原料, 硝酸镍为催化剂前驱体, 聚乙烯粉体为造孔剂和碳源, 采用冷冻干燥结合催化裂解法制备了超疏水/超亲油碳纳米管(CNTs)改性海泡石多孔陶瓷, 研究了固含量和催化热解温度对改性多孔陶瓷形貌的影响, 并表征了其在pH=1的强酸、pH=14的强碱、373 K高温和77 K低温等极端环境中的表面润湿性能及水油分离性能。结果表明: 催化剂前驱体溶液浓度为0.5 mol/L、海泡石的固含量为15wt%、催化热解温度为973 K且保温时间为2 h时所制备的CNTs改性多孔陶瓷具有最好的超疏水/超亲油性能, 其对柴油、白油、植物油和真空泵油的最高吸附量分别是其自身质量的15.7、20.8、23和25倍; 其连续油水分离时油通量高达250 kg·s ^-1·m ^-2, 且在5 h内分离效率及选择性不发生明显降低。     

Characterizing Colloidal Structures of Pseudoternary Phase Diagrams Formed by Oil/Water/Amphiphile Systems

Two pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using ethyl oleate, water, and a surfactant blend containing poly (oxyethylene 20) sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monolaurate with or without the cosurfactant 1-butanol. Two colloidal regions were identified in the cosurfactant-free phase diagram; a microemulsion (ME) and a region containing lamellar liquid crystals (LC). The addition of 1-butanol increased the area in which systems formed microemulsions and eliminated the formation of any liquid crystalline phases. Samples that form the colloidal regions of both systems were investigated by freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy and by viscosity and conductivity measurements. The three techniques were compared and evaluated as characterisation tools for such colloidal systems and also to identify transitions between the colloidal systems formed. A droplet ME was present at a low water volume fraction (?_w) in both systems (?_w <0.15) as revealed by electron microscopy. At higher ?_w values, LC structures were observed in micrographs of samples taken from the cosurfactant-free system while the structure of samples from the cosurfactant-containing system was that of a bicontinuous ME. The viscosity of both systems increased with increasing ?_w to 0.15 and flow was Newtonian. However, formation of LC in the cosurfactant-free system resulted in a dramatic increase in viscosity that was dependent on ?_w and a change to pseudoplastic flow. In contrast, the viscosity of the bicontinuous ME was independent of ?_w. Three different methods were used to estimate the percolation threshold from the conductivity data for the cosurfactant-containing system. The use of nonlinear curve fitting was found to be most useful yielding a value close to 0.15 for the ?_w.     

耐水耐油聚硫橡胶密封腻子性能研究

以液体聚硫橡胶作为主体材料制成密封腻子 ,结合舰船的使用环境 ,对该材料的力学性能、粘接性能、耐介质性能、耐辐照性能以及与油漆的配套性进行了研究。结果表明 ,聚硫橡胶密封腻子具有良好的耐油、耐水和耐辐照性能     

壳聚糖/AKD乳液改善纸浆模塑制品防水防油性能的研究

目的 以壳聚糖/AKD乳液替代传统的AKD乳液,作为安全无毒的防水防油剂,以改善纸浆模塑的防水防油性能。方法 采用壳聚糖作为乳化剂,在高剪切分散乳化条件下与AKD蜡共混,获得稳定均一的壳聚糖/AKD乳液,然后通过浆内施胶的方式制备纸浆模塑制品,对纤维的滤水性能、纸浆模塑制品的力学性能以及防水防油性能进行研究。结果 以壳聚糖质量分数为1.5%的壳聚糖醋酸溶液,可制备得到AKD蜡质量分数为5%的乳白色壳聚糖/AKD乳液;乳液的添加未影响纤维的滤水性能,且当其用量占绝干浆质量的7%时,纤维悬浮液的打浆度和保水值分别达到23 °SR和(1.71±0.06)g/g,满足生产要求。对比未添加乳液的样品,添加了质量分数为7%的乳液后,纸浆模塑制品的力学性能,包括紧度、抗张强度、耐破指数和撕裂强度分别提高了26.2%、60.6%、152.6%和67.1%,Cobb60值降低到了(18.5±0.68)g/m²,静态水接触角提高到了(119±4.1)°,体现防油性能的Kit值提高到了第8等级,油接触角提高到了(97.9±3.1)°。纸浆模塑制品具有良好的防热水和防热油的性能。结论 壳聚糖/AKD乳液可作为一种新型防水防油助剂用于纸浆模塑制品生产,拓展了环保造纸助剂品类。     

Sliding Wear of Ceramic/Metal Pairs under Boundary Lubrication of Water and Oil

In order to reveal the wear mechanism of ceramic cutting tools in real cutting process, a simulationtest was carried out on a block-on-ring tribometer. The investigation was conducted at ambienttemperature to determine the wear behaviour of ceramic/metal tribo-systems under boundarylubrication of water and oil. In this test, the boundary lubrication conditions were provided bydropping oil or water into contact area at a rate of 5 drops per minute (about 0.1 ml/min). Thetested materials are Al2O3-Ti(CN) composite ceramic, Al(purity>99.5 wt pct), Fe(C<0.04 wtpct) and a stainless steel (ASTM 302), which combined into three ceramic/metat frictional pairs.The test results indicate that wear loss of the materials increases with load and speed. Comparedwith unlubricated conditions, the boundary lubrication condition made the materials wear moreserious, which show that lubricating method is very important to a tribo system, and unsuitablelubricating method could increase the wear of materials instead of reducing it. The sudeces ofthe ceramic and the metallic samples were analysed by using a scanning electron microscopewith energy-dispersive X-ray attachment, which indicate that material transfer occurred betweenthe ceramic and metallic materials. The wear mechanism was discussed.     

Measurement of Small Dielectric Loss by Time-Domain Spectroscopy: Application to Water/Oil Emulsions

Total reflection time-domain spectroscopic method as applied to moderate to strongly polar liquids is described. A difference method based on total reflection is applied to the study of dielectric properties of water/oil emulsions. Measurement of maximum dielectric loss as small as Emax = 0.005 is discussed.     

油液水分传感器的分辨率研究

针对某型油液水分传感器的分辨率研究问题,利用该型传感器分别对含水率为0.00%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%的润滑油进行试验,并对采集数据中的粘度值进行了显著性检验,结果表明这种传感器重复性好,可有效检测含水率分别为0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%的润滑油,确定了该传感器的分辨率是0.05%。     

西南桦木材表面的硅烷化及憎水和憎油特性

目的 解决制备憎油性材料时对含氟化合物的依赖,减小木材对水和油的吸收性,赋予木材表面双憎功能.方法 采用甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)与0.1 mol/L的盐酸以4:1的体积比混合,并置于冰浴中超声水解不同的时间,将木材放入水解溶液中浸渍处理5 min,利用X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分析改性前后木材表面的元素组成及化学结构,借助接触角测量仪考察改性木材对水和油的润湿特性,计算其吸水率和吸油率.结果 改性木材表面引入了大量的Si元素,并键合了低表面能的—CH3基团;水解时间由30 min延长至240 min,水接触角由79.8°增加至90.7°,但油接触角却稳定在50°左右;改性前后的吸水率均大于吸油率.结论 所制备的木材都具有双憎功能,憎水稳定性随水解时间的延长而提高,但憎油稳定性受水解时间的影响较小.     

利用小波变换识别油、气、水分界面

正确识别含油气构造中的油、气、水分界面一直是含油气构造评价的一个     

Macrocycle Self-Assembly Hydrogel for High-Efficient Oil–Water Separation

Supramolecular hydrogels involved macrocycles have been explored widely in recent years, but it remains challenging to develop hydrogel based on solitary macrocycle with super gelation capability. Here, the construction of lantern[3₃]arene-based hydrogel with low critical gelation concentration (0.05 wt%), which can be used for efficient oil–water separation, is reported. The lantern[3₃]arenes self-assemble into hydrogen-bonded organic nanoribbons, which intertwine into entangled fibers to form hydrogel. This hydrogel which exhibits reversible pH-responsiveness characteristics can be coated on stainless-steel mesh by in situ sol-gel transformation. The resultant mesh exhibits excellent oil–water separation efficiency (>99%) and flux (>6 × 10⁴ L m⁻² h⁻¹). This lantern[3₃]arene-based hydrogel not only sheds additional light on the gelation mechanisms for supramolecular hydrogels, but also extends the application of macrocycle-based hydrogels as functional interfacial materials.