太阳能光导采光与热发电系统的研究

提出了一种太阳能光导采光系统，它用太阳能作为能源，用光学玻璃纤维传光束作为传光线路，把太阳能引入室内进行照明。还包括一个太阳能热发电系统，它用玻璃液体凸透镜作为聚光器和贮水箱，利用太阳能产生蒸汽，推动蒸汽马达发电，并用蓄电池贮存功能，供晚间和阴雨天照明使用。     

国内外太阳能利用发展概况

太阳能为可再生能源,它取之不尽,用之不竭。七十年代,由于世界性石油危机,太阳能利用引起了世界各国的重视。尤其是太阳能热利用和太阳光发电,已经成为太阳能开发利用中的一个最重要方面。为了有利于推动我国的太阳能事业,现将国内外太阳能利用发展概况综述如下。     

利用计算机模拟太阳能光伏发电

太阳能光伏发电是利用太阳能电池这种半导体电子器件有效地吸收太阳光辐射能,并使之转换成电能的直接发电方式。开发利用太阳能这种可再生的清洁能源发电是解决能源短缺、保护环境的重要途径。本文概述了太阳能光伏发电技术的研究情况,根据传热学及相关知识建立数学模型,并运用Lab VIEW软件对该系统进行动态模拟与仿真。     

新型太阳能发电机

美国菲尼克斯市的斯特灵能源系统公司制造了一种高效太阳能发电机。其工作原理非常古老也非常简单：把太阳光集中起来，用它产生的热量来发电。这种发电机的发电效率可以和传统能源相媲美，远远超过了普通的太阳能电池。它并不像普通的太阳能电池那样直接将太阳能转化为电能，而是利用一组凹面镜将太阳光聚焦到焦点上，产生的热量使中心点上的压缩氢气膨胀，推动一台4缸的发动机产生25千瓦的功率。最近，位于美国新墨西哥州的桑迪亚国家实验室用6台这样的太阳能发电机组建了一个小型发电站。这个发电站的发电量能供将近50户家庭使用。     

我国太阳热水器发展探讨

能源是人类生存的基础。能源的开发和合理利用是整个社会发展的源泉，也是人类文明与进步的重要标志之一。随着社会生产的进步与发展，人民生活水平的提高，能源需求还将大幅度增长。然而，能源的开发和利用受到资源、技术、经济与环境等众多因素的制约。当前的全球一次能源构成主要以矿物燃料为主体，但矿物燃料作为地球的资源，在不远的将来会枯竭；现行的能源使用方式对环境的影响更已引起全球的关注。而太阳能是一个取之不尽、用之不竭的洁净能源宝库。太阳光热转换效率高，可大量节约常规能源和减少环境污染。　　我国太阳能资源十…     

能源知识

太阳能利用是指将太阳能直接转换成热能、电能、化学能等加以利用。如太阳热水、太阳采暖、太阳干燥、太阳发电等。大自然利用太阳能最成功的是植物的光合作用。有人估计,地球上每年通过光合作用储藏的太阳能相当于全球能源年耗量的10倍左右。在太阳光作用下,植物体     

多相光催化反应中太阳光与电光源效率比较

报道了利用电光源和太阳光源三种光化学反应系统的特性，以及在甲基橙溶液光催化脱色反应中的运行效果，并将实验结果进行综合评价比较。说明在多相光催化反应中，太阳光可以代替电光源，能够得到更好的污染物去除效果。利用太阳能可以大幅度降低运转费用，电光源可以作为太阳光的辅助手段。     

新型高效的太阳能发电机

美国的斯特灵能源系统公司制造了一种高效太阳能发电机。它的工作原理：利用一组凹面镜将太阳光聚集到焦点上，产生的热量使中心点上的压缩氢气膨胀，推动一台4缸发动机产生25kW的电力。     

以色列巧用太阳能

以色列巧用太阳能由于能源贫乏，没有煤和石油也没有水力资源，以色列非常重视对太阳能的研究和应用。在普及家庭使用太阳能热水器之后，近年来以色列又大力研究和开发工业用太．阳能，并取得了可喜成果。聚集太阳能的关键是接收器──收集和聚集太阳光，以便发电，或者制...     

以色列开发利用太阳能成效显著

以色列是当今世界上太阳能技术较为领先的国家。目前．以色列科学家正在开发下一代太阳能集热器技术和热力工程技术,将太阳光作为主要的能量来源,为蒸汽轮机发电机提供能源。在以色列,无论是在城市还是乡村,几乎每年住宅顶上都可看见太阳能热水器．以色列成了世界上人均太阳能利用率最高的国家。     

DAYLIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES IN NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGS

Natural daylight is an inexpensive and very efficient light source provided that the amount of daylight entering a building is controlled according to demand. In commercial buildings electricity for lighting can be cut by 50-75% using daylighting design techniques in combination with efficient artificial lighting. New lighting control technologies and advanced computer simulation tools lo optimize large buildings makes it possible to exploit these energy savings.

Daylight is a very efficient light source, providing more light for less input of thermal energy than any other artificial light source. Efficient shading systems are now emerging systems that can control the admission of daylight to the room according to requirement, and avoid overheating. Some of these systems, such as reflective light shelves, will also contribute to a better distribution of the daylight available by redistributing some daylight to the back of the room. However, more work is needed to develop and test such combined daylight and shading systems.

The use of daylight to reduce electric lighting must be seen as an integrated part of the overall energy optimization of the building. An efficient control of the use of daylight and artificial lighting will not only reduce electricity use for lighting. Additionally, the use of electricity for ventilation and cooling can be reduced also, because the internal heat gains provocating these electricity uses are reduced. This calls for an integrated design approach to the overall energy design of the building, involving the architect and the engineer from the very beginning of the design phase.

Visual comfort of office buildings receives increasing attention, partially because of the VDU's (Visual Display Units) of the computers, that are now almost standard equipment of every work place. The performance requirements for both daylighting systems and artificial lighting systems have been sharpened, and the attention to this fact is crucial in future development of lighting systems.     

商业照明环境与节能潜力分析

在商业建筑中 ,照明能耗约占到建筑总能耗的 1/3,照明节能是商业建筑节能的重要环节。本文分析了商业照明环境与消费行为的关系 ,指出营造一个良好的照明环境能促使消费行为的完成 ,但同时还应该重视照明系统的节能功能 ;分析了照明节能的四个途径 :光源的合理选择、自然光的合理利用、空间照度的合理设计和照明系统的合理控制与管理     

Adoption of optical fibres or of optical light films in architecture

The paper aims to discuss the speedy spread of the use of optical fibres or optical light films lighting systems, as an alternative to classical lighting systems in buildings.A series of architectural projects has been selected to provide more evidence about advantages of these new lighting equipement, in terms of thermal and lighting comfort together with low cost energy. As a matter of fact their efficiency has even lead some professionals to use them in some buildings after suppression of the initial lighting system.The fact that the optional fibres or optical light films are used in various spaces has enabled to hope for a development of their applications in interiors and especially public places, in hot contries where heat output from traditional lighting bulbs is more likely to provide discomfort and hence where requirement for air conditionning is unavoidably maximised.     

建筑照明设计中的节能措施

分析当前在照明节能设计中存在的问题,通过对照度确定与计算、合理选择光源、灯具、镇流器以及照明控制方式等方面的探讨,总结并提出照明节能设计的具体措施。     

Analysis of a full spectrum hybrid lighting system

Hybrid lighting is a new approach to lighting that integrates light from natural and electric sources. A two-axis tracking concentrator collects beam radiation which is reflected onto a mirror that divides the solar radiation into infrared and visible spectra. The visible light is distributed through optical fibers and combined with fluorescent lighting in specially designed luminaires. The infrared portion of the spectrum is used to generate electricity using a thermal photovoltaic array. A simulation of a hybrid lighting system has been created using the TRNSYS transient simulation program. The simulation incorporates the spectral properties of the hybrid lighting components as well as the spectral distribution of the incoming solar radiation that is based upon output from the SMARTS atmospheric transmittance model. An office building model is coupled with the hybrid lighting simulation to predict the annual energy impact upon lighting, heating, and cooling loads. Simulations were performed in six locations within the United States. Hybrid lighting systems performed best in Honolulu, HI and Tucson, AZ justifying system capital costs of $2410 and $1995 per module, respectively, based on a 10 year payback period.     

Comparison of different energy saving lights using solar panel

The recent trend in light emitting diode or LED lighting applications and their claimed energy saving capabilities together with their overall attractiveness has us all convinced that they really are a greener alternative to the compact fluorescent lights or CFL. As convincing as it seems, the actual energy saving capabilities of LEDs are yet to be proven scientifically or at the least, on an empirical level when compared to CFLs. This paper tackles the issue with the use of a solar cell by evaluating the photovoltaic current and voltage generated by the solar cell subjected to each lighting system. Graphical representations are drawn and a conclusion is then reached based on the amount of power generation in the solar cells in order to determine the energy saving capabilities of each lighting system and its efficiency. From the result, it has been found that an LED is 3.7 times more power efficient than a CFL based light source of equal wattage.     

地下空间采光设计的量化研究

本文针对地下空间采光的问题提出了若干条量化的设计原则,以保证采光系统设计合理并可以提供足够的自然光线。这若干条原则是通过光线追踪软件模拟计算并统计出来的。首先,在CIE标准的全云天环境下针对单个采光井按照不同的尺寸和参数进行反射模拟以及漫射模拟;然后,逐个模拟不同样式的光线收集器,统计它们的计算结果并与之前采光井的计算结果相结合从而得出定量化结论。在地下空间中使用日光照明不仅比电光源照明效果好,而且更加经济节能。     

Sustainable lighting of museum buildings

The sustainability of museum lighting is twofold, as not only energy efficiency is required for high quality illumination but control of damage to objects by optical radiation in addition. The conservation of objects, which can be highly responsive to radiation, is as fundamental as the cultural education by the medium of exhibition.The requirements for visual performance and control of object damage are defined according to the categories of responsivity to light (CIE 157:2004). An existing museum building is analysed by measurements as to lighting performance and damage control by radiation. The lighting energy consumption and resulting cooling loads are derived from the monitored data. The results are discussed and proposals for improving the lighting situation in the building, realised 1983, are developed.     

Integration of smart windows into building design for reduction of yearly overall energy consumption and peak loads

The purpose of this work is to investigate the potential of diminishing the energy consumed by typical low thermal mass office buildings for heating, cooling and lighting by using smart windows. The windows considered consisted of a double pane glazing unit in which a controllable absorbing layer is added on the interior surface of the exterior glass pane. This absorbing layer allows to change the optical properties of the window, resulting in a direct potential of control of the incident solar heat flux entering the building through the windows. A corresponding numerical model is developed showing that optimizing the solar heat flux absorption rate of the absorbing layer in regard of the necessary heating, cooling and lighting needs helps reducing significantly the total yearly energy consumption, and cooling peak loads. The simulations were done considering a building located in Quebec City, Canada.