OIL SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL OF THE LACUSTRINE JURASSIC SIM UUJU FORMATION, WEST KOREA BAY BASIN: Part I: Oil source rock correlation and environment of deposition

The offshore West Korea Bay (WKB) Basin is one of several NE-SW rift basins which formed over thin continental crust in Korea and eastern China during the Late Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic, and is characterised by a two-layered structure, with a Cenozoic basin superposed on a pre-Tertiary basin. Paraffinic oils recovered from Mesozoic and Tertiary sandstone intervals are thought to have been generated from different source beak. The Sim Uuju Formation consists mainly of fluvially-derived shales and sandstones deposited in a large, open, fresh-water, deep, tectonic lake. which occupied wide sub-basins formed by normal faults under a semi-humid climate, as a result of initial rifting during the Upper Jurassic. A probable source bed (400– to 500–m thick) has been geochemically located in the basinal offshore area of the Sim Uuju sequence penetrated by Well 606. The Jurassic bed could be considered as a potential source for the Mesozoic oil, provided that it contains the right type and amount of organic matter which has reached the stage of oil generation .     

OIL SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL OF THE LACUSTRINE JURASSIC SIM UUJU FORMATION,WEST KOREA BAY BASIN: Part I: Oil source rock correlation and environment of deposition

The offshore West Korea Bay (WKB) Basin is one of several NE-SW rift basins which formed over thin continental crust in Korea and eastern China during the Late Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic, and is characterised by a two-layered structure, with a Cenozoic basin superposed on a pre-Tertiary basin. Paraffinic oils recovered from Mesozoic and Tertiary sandstone intervals are thought to have been generated from different source beds. The Sim Uuju Formation consists mainly of fluvially-derived shales and sandstones deposited in a large, open, fresh-water, deep, tectonic lake, which occupied wide sub-basins formed by normal faults under a semi-humid climate, as a result of initial rifting during the Upper Jurassic. A probable source bed (400- to 500-m thick) has been geochemically located in the basinal offshore area of the Sim Uuju sequence penetrated by Well 606. The Jurassic bed could be considered as a potential source for the Mesozoic oil, provided that it contains the right type and amount of organic matter which has reached the stage of oil generation.     

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东海陆架盆地是发育于华夏板块之上的中、新生代叠合盆地，其下地壳性质与浙闽隆起区一致。盆地前第三纪主要发育侏罗—白垩系沉积，沉积岩主要分布于南部的台北坳陷内。中生代构造演化可分为早中生代坳陷盆地发育和晚中生代断陷盆地发育两个阶段，为下坳上断形式的中生代陆相复合盆地。盆地中生界具有形成油气藏的基本地质条件，其中中下侏罗统暗色泥岩及煤层为主要生烃岩系；上白垩统砂岩具较好的储集性能，储集空间以孔隙—裂缝型为主。     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地形成演化与含油气远景评价

吐鲁番一哈密盆地是准噶尔一吐 鲁番板块内的陆相断陷型山间盆地。自晚二叠世至中、新生代,盆地经历了四个发展阶段,发育了上二叠统、上三叠统及下、中侏罗统三套生油层来。北部凹陷是晚二叠世、晚三叠世、早、中侏罗世多期叠加的生油凹陷区,是今后寻找大中型油气田的主战场。托克逊凹陷是晚二叠世生油凹陷,五堡凹陷是晚三叠世生油凹陷。     

伊宁凹陷侏罗系勘探思考与展望

伊犁盆地是在晚海西期褶皱基底上发育的中、新生代山间盆地,侏罗系是其盆地的主体。侏罗纪时盆地水体整体浅而不稳定,除早侏罗世八道湾组沉积期有局部的稳定水体外,其余多为交织河和冲积扇与扇缘辫状河河沼相,煤系地层烃源岩品质普遍较差,暗色泥岩和碳质泥岩一般为中等烃源岩,局部为较好烃源岩;从中生代至新生代,由于地壳厚度不断增大,该盆地整体处于退热型区域大地热流背景场中,属于典型的“冷盆”,有机质热演化普遍处于不成熟到低成熟状态(Ｒｏ为0．40％－0．70％)。由于低成熟暗色泥岩生油对成藏的贡献有限,煤岩因其早期生烃组分含量低,产生的烃类最多仅能饱和其微孔的吸附需求,早期排烃对成藏的贡献甚微。伊宁凹陷侏罗系今后的勘探应紧紧围绕沉降中心区,在环生烃中心的构造带上优选圈闭。并加强泥岩低熟油的成烃条件研究与定量评价。     

六盘山盆地中新生代沉积地层

六盘山盆地中新生代沉积地层巨厚 ,纵向发育上三叠统、中侏罗统、下白垩统、第三系及第四系 ,除中侏罗统分布局限外 ,其它均分布广泛。本文通过大量的野外地质露头考察资料和室内综合研究 ,建立了六盘山盆地中新生界地层层序 ,归纳总结出盆地中新生界五个宏观划分对比标志层 ,指出盆地中新生界主要发育上三叠统和下白垩统两套烃源岩 ,生烃潜力巨大 ,并可形成相应的两套主要生储盖组合 ,为六盘山盆地地质综合研究及油气勘探工作的开展奠定基础     

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文章首先利用地震层速度法、镜质体反射率法、声波时差法、地质外推法、磷灰石裂变径迹法等确定渤海湾盆地区中生界三叠系、侏罗系、白垩系的剥蚀量，恢复了其原始地层厚度，分析了中生代不同时期地层的分布状态，盆地性质和展部特点。认为渤海湾盆地三叠系沉积时期为大型内陆盆地，末期抬升遭受剥蚀。侏罗系和白垩系沉积时期为北东向展布的小型山间盆地群。进入新生代后，形成了一个受NNE、NE向断层控制的半地堑式复合盆地，叠置于中生代盆地之上。不同时代的地层的不同叠合方式形成了中坳新坳、中坳新隆、中隆新坳、中隆新隆4种叠合单元类型，不同类型的叠合单元经历了不同的沉降史，具有不同的石油地质意义。     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE ADRIATIC BASIN,OFFSHORE CROATIA

Offshore Croatia is a relatively underexplored area with no oilfields currently on production. Exploration commenced in 1970 and several biogenic gas fields were subsequently discovered producing from shallow Plio‐Pleistocene reservoir rocks in the northern Adriatic area; however, exploration wells drilled for oil in Mesozoic carbonates have failed, although several wells encountered oil shows. Using data from the Croatian and Italian Adriatic, we provide in this paper some new insights into the Mesozoic palaeogeography and hydrocarbon plays of offshore Croatia. Offshore Croatia has been divided into three areas – north, central and south – with distinctive geological characteristics and hydrocarbon systems. The effects and importance of halokinesis in the eastern Adriatic is described and its influence on the petroleum systems is discussed. The evaluation of a modern, regional, high‐resolution dataset has enhanced our understanding of the Adriatic Basin and supports the presence of petroleum systems with potential mature source rocks in shales from the Triassic succession, supplying reservoir rocks in Jurassic and Cretaceous carbonate platform margins/slope talus plays, and Cenozoic siliciclastic plays.     

东海陆架盆地中新生代构造演化对烃源岩分布的控制作用

东海陆架盆地为发育于克拉通基底之上的中、新生代叠合盆地,该盆地经历了晚三叠世(?)—中侏罗世克拉通边缘坳陷盆地、白垩纪弧前盆地和晚白垩世末—新生代弧后裂陷盆地等3个构造演化阶段。侏罗纪盆地和白垩纪盆地主要残留在中央隆起带;新生代盆地演化在平面上表现出裂陷由西向东迁移的特征。不同时代盆地构造类型和大地构造位置控制了盆地烃源岩发育层位及平面分布:西部坳陷带以古新统月桂峰组湖相泥岩和灵峰组、明月峰组滨海相煤系地层为主要烃源岩;中央隆起带以上三叠统—中侏罗统福州组为主要烃源岩;东部坳陷带以始新统平湖组煤系地层为主要烃源岩,渐新统和中新统煤系地层为次要烃源岩。西湖凹陷天台斜坡带为中、新生代有利烃源岩的叠合区,具有“中生中储”和“新生中储”的优势,是东海陆架盆地天然气勘探的有利地区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地及其邻区关键构造变革期次及其特征

鄂尔多斯盆地为典型的克拉通内盆地,油、气、煤、盐、铀等矿产资源丰富。研究构造运动的期次、序列与性质将为揭示克拉通盆地的成因与演化过程奠定基础,同时也将为探讨多种能源、矿产资源赋存的内在机制提供依据。基于近年来的高精度区域反射地震剖面和深井资料,结合周缘地质露头分析,通过厘定鄂尔多斯盆地的关键构造变革时期,建立了盆地演化的时-空框架。研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地由下至上发育10个区域不整合面,分别为长城系、蓟县系、震旦系、寒武系、奥陶系、石炭系、三叠系、侏罗系、白垩系和第四系底界不整合面;盆地发育中元古界、寒武系-奥陶系、上石炭统-三叠系、侏罗系、下白垩统和新生界6个构造-地层层序。鄂尔多斯盆地的形成与演化受控于周缘板块构造作用,经历了中元古代早-中期大陆裂解、寒武纪-中奥陶世被动大陆边缘、晚奥陶世主动大陆边缘形成与碰撞造山、晚石炭世-二叠纪末期周缘裂解、中生代早期大型陆内坳陷、中生代中-晚期陆内前陆盆地和新生代周缘断陷等演化过程。鄂尔多斯盆地岩石圈深部的构造作用相对活跃,盆地内部发育中奥陶世、中-晚三叠世、早白垩世与晚中新世4期中酸性、中基性火山活动,其中,早白垩世晚期的火山活动强烈。结合周缘板块构造事件、盆内岩浆活动和盆地沉降-隆升过程分析,鄂尔多斯盆地经历了新元古代、晚奥陶世、中-晚三叠世、晚侏罗世-早白垩世、新生代5个关键构造变革期,这些构造变革期控制了盆地的构造演化和地质结构,对鄂尔多斯盆地的油气分布产生了深远影响。     

从有机质的演变程度展望吐鲁番-哈密盆地中生界油气前景

该盆地保罗纪沉降、沉积中心在北部凹陷、托克逊-鄯善南凹陷和五堡凹陷。其中北部凹陷是主要的生油凹陷,其下侏罗统源岩于晚侏罗世开始生油,老第三纪进入生油高峰;其余两凹陷演化程度较低。火焰山背斜带和柯柯垭背斜带的油气前景最好,雁木西背斜带次之。     

准噶尔盆地周缘断裂属性与演化

准噶尔盆地周缘发育晚古生代、中生代和新生代3期变形。晚古生代,天山—阿尔泰山—扎伊尔山—哈拉阿拉特山隆升,形成盆-山构造雏型;晚二叠世—侏罗纪,盆地周缘发育走滑断层,如：西北缘的乌夏断层、克百断层、红车断层等走滑断层,东北缘的红岩断层、克拉美丽断层、白家海断层等走滑断层,南缘的高泉断层、艾卡断层、南安集海断层、后峡拉分盆地等走滑构造。无论是从构造变形的运动学机制分析还是考虑构造变形时间的一致性,晚二叠世—侏罗纪准噶尔盆地周缘均发育右旋走滑断层。新生代天山再次隆升,南缘发育逆冲断层,与中生代构造叠加,形成"二期构造、深浅叠置"的构造格局。准噶尔盆地西北缘和东北缘的新生代变形微弱,保留了中生代走滑构造,发育与走滑构造有关的油气藏。准噶尔盆地南缘高探1井、呼探1井的勘探成果证实了走滑断层与逆冲构造叠加部位是有利的勘探目标。厘定准噶尔盆地的断裂特征和变形机制对地震解释和油气勘探具有重要意义。     

合肥盆地构造演化及油气系统分析

合肥盆地位于华北板块南缘 ,面积约为 2× 1 0 4km2 ,迄今尚未发现油气藏。盆地印支面 (侏罗系底 )上、下构造层具有明显差异 ,上构造层为陆相盖层 ,主要表现为张性构造 ;下构造层为海相层系 ,主要表现为压性构造。盆地经历了前中生代基底形成期和中、新生代陆相盆地发育期 ,现今盆地总体表现为中央隆起、四周凹陷的格局。按照“主力烃源岩—主要储集层—主要成藏期”的命名原则 ,盆地可划分为 3个油气系统 :Pz J1—Pz J (K1)—T3 K、K1—K—K2 E和Pz—Pz K2 E—E。最有利勘探区为大桥凹陷 ,其次为朱巷斜坡。由于盆地内古生界缺乏钻井标定 ,烃源岩条件不清 ,侏罗系及白垩系以河湖相砂泥岩为主 ,缺少良好的膏盐岩区域盖层 ,且曾遭燕山期等多次构造运动的改造和破坏 ,不利于油气保存 ,加之中、新生界缺乏构造圈闭 ,因此 ,总体而言盆地油气勘探存在较大风险。图 3参 2 2     

PETROLEUM SYSTEMS OF THE WEST IBERIAN MARGIN: A REVIEW OF THE LUSITANIAN BASIN AND THE DEEP OFFSHORE PENICHE BASIN

The relatively well‐studied Lusitanian Basin in coastal west‐central Portugal can be used as an analogue for the less well‐known Peniche Basin in the deep offshore. In this paper the Lusitanian Basin is reviewed in terms of stratigraphy, sedimentology, evolution and petroleum systems. Data comes from published papers and technical reports as well as original research and field observations. The integration and interpretation of these data is used to build up an updated petroleum systems analysis of the basin. Petroleum systems elements include Palaeozoic and Mesozoic source rocks, siliciclastic and carbonate reservoir rocks, and Mesozoic and Tertiary seals. Traps are in general controlled by diapiric movement of Hettangian clays and evaporites during the Late Jurassic, Late Cretaceous and Late Miocene. Organic matter maturation, mainly due to Late Jurassic rift‐related subsidence and burial, is described together with hydrocarbon migration and trapping. Three main petroleum systems may be defined, sourced respectively by Palaeozoic shales, Early Jurassic marly shales and Late Jurassic marls. These elements and systems can tentatively be extrapolated offshore into the deep‐water Peniche Basin, where no exploration wells have so far been drilled. There are both similarities and differences between the Lusitanian and Peniche Basins, the differences being mainly related to the more distal position of the Peniche Basin and the later onset of the main rift phase which was accompanied by Early Cretaceous subsidence and burial. The main exploration risks are related to overburden and maturation timing versus trap formation associated both with diapiric movement of Hettangian salt and Cenozoic inversion.     

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文章系统总结了银根—额济纳旗盆地（以下简称银—额盆地）的油气地质特征,并通过多种方法分析了盆地油气资源潜力,评价了勘探前景。经综合评价认为银—额盆地是在前寒武纪结晶地块和古生代褶皱基底上发育起来的中新生代断陷湖盆群,下白垩统、侏罗系是盆地的两套主要油气勘探目的层,下白垩统巴音戈壁组湖相泥质烃源岩分布面积广,有机质丰度高,以II型有机质为主,是盆地主力烃源岩。下白垩统苏红图组和巴音戈壁组储层是盆地两套重要的储层,岩石类型总体以长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩及岩屑砂岩为主,储层属特低孔特低渗型。盆地发育侏罗系和下白垩统两套成藏组合,下白垩统成藏组合遍布全盆地各凹陷,是一套完整的成藏组合。断层对油气藏的形成具有重要的控制作用,早白垩世末—晚白垩世是盆地重要成藏时期。盆地远景资源量较丰富,油气总资源量达12.42×108 t,勘探前景广阔。     

羌塘盆地有机质热演化与成烃史研究

对青藏高原羌塘盆地中生界7 000多块样品的分析数据进行筛选和综合研究可知,侏罗系烃源岩在羌塘盆地中部尚处于成熟生油阶段,向四周成熟度逐渐增高;上三叠统肖茶卡组烃源岩几乎全部处于高成熟—过成熟,成熟生油范围已经很小.羌塘盆地有机质成熟度主要受古地温、构造变形程度和火成岩及深成热流的控制.盆地中部及东部主要受最高古地温或最大古埋藏深度的影响;盆地断裂或褶皱带附近及其盆地边缘主要受强烈不均衡压力的影响;而在盆地西部,基底断裂带的深成地下热流可能是主要影响因素.盆地中部具有2次(或3次)主要生烃过程(侏罗纪晚期—白垩纪早期与第三系沉积时期),特别是新近纪中新世早期至中新世后期,侏罗系烃源层的生烃过程对油气藏勘探更为有利.      

柴达木盆地石炭系生烃证据

柴达木盆地石炭系是否具有生烃潜力一直存在争议,本文在大量野外地质调查与实验室样品分析的基础上,找到了石炭系生烃的相关证据。首次在盆地周边露头区多处石炭系中发现油砂出露,油砂主要分布在石炭系怀头他拉组灰岩中,沿厚层生物灰岩层间和裂缝发育,在生物礁和化石带中尤为突出。通过烃源岩和油砂反映成烃母质来源、沉积环境及成熟度3个方面的生物标志化合物参数对比研究,表明油砂与中生界-新生界烃源岩没有亲缘关系,而与石炭系烃源岩具有良好的可对比性,确定石炭系中的油砂来源于石炭系烃源岩。这证实柴达木盆地石炭系烃源岩有过生烃过程,并可能形成石炭系油气藏,从而揭示了柴达木盆地石炭系具有广阔的生烃前景。     

银根-额济纳旗盆地烃源岩特征及油气富集规律

基于对银根-额济纳旗盆地上古生界、侏罗系和白垩系烃源岩地球化学特征的系统评价,分析了盆地内各凹陷的油气来源和富集规律。盆地上古生界石炭系—二叠系暗色泥岩整体已达到过成熟阶段,中生界凹陷内已发生浅变质—变质作用,油气保存条件较差,油气资源和勘探潜力小;中—下侏罗统发育一套煤系烃源岩,在盆地腹部及南部凹陷中已达成熟阶段,具有一定生烃潜力;白垩系巴音戈壁组烃源岩的有机质丰度高、类型较好,是盆地的主力烃源岩层系,且油源对比结果证实,盆地已发现的油气均来源于该套烃源岩。银根-额济纳旗盆地的油气成藏过程可划分为早白垩世晚期油气成藏和早白垩世末期调整改造2个阶段,油气的富集主要受巴音戈壁组烃源岩的热演化程度和晚期构造活动强度共同控制。银根-额济纳旗盆地腹部是其油气富集的最有利区,中西部是油气勘探的有利区,中东部的油气成藏条件较差。     

北黄海盆地生烃条件研究

截至1997年底,朝鲜已在北黄海盆地内钻井15口,并在中生代地层中发现了油气流,显示了该区良好的勘探前景。为此研究了该盆地的生烃条件,结果认为：①北黄海盆地是由历经古生代、中生代和新生代3个主要演化阶段的各种原型盆地叠加而成的小型多旋回盆地;②盆地的形成演化主要经历了震旦纪-二叠纪盆地基底形成阶段、中生代断陷发育阶段、古近纪叠加断陷阶段和新近纪坳陷阶段;③盆地主要在隆起背景上由3个坳陷和众多小断陷组成,其内发育了一套中生代以来、最大沉积厚度超过8 000 m的海相-海陆过渡相、河湖-三角洲相沉积,具有多期优越的成烃环境,为烃源岩的发育奠定了良好的物质基础;④中生代和古近纪是北黄海盆地烃源岩发育的最有利时期,盆地主要发育了中生界和古近系两套烃源岩;⑤盆地具备生油气的可能性,东部、中部坳陷是盆地油气生成最有利的地区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西部陆内前陆盆地的晚期发育与油气聚集

鄂尔多斯西部前陆盆地结构主要出现于晚侏罗世芬芳河期,新生代以来遭受改造并定型,形成现今地震剖面或沉积剖面上所见到的具有类似于前陆盆地的构造特征,但其与典型前陆盆地具有明显的区别。它形成和定型的时间主要在中生代末期到新生代以来,它促进了盆地靖边—乌审旗气田区的形成,也成为鄂尔多斯本部晚期成藏的重要动力来源。同时,它形成和主要发育时期与鄂尔多斯盆地天然气的主生烃期一致,也促成了盆地西部不同类型有利圈闭的形成。