基于计算机辅助创新的专利规避设计

目的研究基于专利规避的产品创新设计理论、方法及流程。方法根据需要解决的技术问题,利用以TRIZ理论为核心的计算机辅助创新软件对相关技术专利进行搜索,分析并确定目标专利;进一步利用其系统分析法对目标专利进行功能建模,分析功能组件之间的关系;确定目标专利的技术特征,再结合规避方法、创新原理解、升级企业知识库等来激发规避设计方案。结论形成了基于计算机辅助创新的专利规避设计方法,将此方法应用于一种拆装技术的创新设计。实践表明基于计算机辅助创新的专利规避设计方法不仅可使得专利规避设计过程项目化、系统化,还可以通过积累创新案例促进专利技术的发展。     

基于专利分析的保温杯产品创新策略研究

目的解决目前专利分析在产品创新设计应用中的不足。方法对专利的数据和文本进行分析,从技术创新和设计创新角度为企业提供更完整的产品创新策略,并以保温杯专利分析作为实例具体应用,对保温杯领袖企业专利的IPC、功能结构、造型进行分析。结果对国内保温杯企业提出了技术和设计创新策略。结论基于专利分析的产品创新策略能使企业对产品创新具有更完整地了解,缩短产品研发成本。     

南芬露天铁矿边坡稳定性模拟分析

介绍了拉格朗日元法的基本原理 ,利用该法模拟分析了南芬露天铁矿边坡稳定情况 ,提出了边坡新的破坏模式 ,找到了潜在滑动面 ,并对边坡安全进行了计算评估 ,为南芬露天边坡的二次设计提供了依据。     

基于AHP-TRIZ的智能婴儿床专利规避创新设计

目的 为了解决目前国内智能婴儿床产品所存在的功能需求单一、设计结构不合理、实用性不强等问题,提出了基于用户需求的层次分析法(AHP)和发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)相结合的智能婴儿床专利规避创新设计研究。方法 首先通过对现有婴儿床产品的调研归类和对目标用户进行的市场调研,分析总结了智能婴儿床的产品机会缺口;其次,采用AHP法进行用户需求权重等级评定,将需求权重项转化为技术需求点,同时在专利检索数据库中进行查阅,对技术需求点相关的目标专利进行分析;最后,运用TRIZ理论分析目标专利中出现的矛盾问题,并将这些问题转化为相应的技术,形成矛盾矩阵,再通过发明原理解决矛盾,该设计应用的相关原理主要为抽取原理、空间维数变化原理、机械系统代替原理和气压与液压结构原理,并使用Rhino等三维建模软件输出智能婴儿床产品的概念设计方案。结论 通过将AHP分析法和TRIZ理论相结合的方式,进行了专利规避的创新设计,实现了对育婴人群需求点的客观把握,完成了智能婴儿床产品的专利规避创新设计,验证了AHP-TRIZ理论使用的科学性与准确性。     

附加双线性油阻尼器斜拉索的阻尼特性研究

利用Galerkin法,得到附加双线性油阻尼器拉索的运动方程。通过Runge-Kutta-Felhberg(RKF)方法得到其自由振动衰减曲线,并基于能量损耗原理的方法计算出拉索的模态阻尼。分析了双线性油阻尼器的一次阻尼系数、二次阻尼系数和变换速度对拉索阻尼的影响。提出了基于一个周期内消耗能量相同的线性化等效设计计算方法,并与数值计算分析结果进行比较分析。研究结果表明双线性油阻尼器较线性阻尼器具有其独特的优点。     

面向创新的专利规避设计研究

目的研究针对现有专利高效快速地进行规避设计,去实现产品创新设计。方法通过了解我国专利的现状,结合专利规避设计策略,对专利规避设计的具体方法进行分析归纳。深入分析了基于单个专利的功能裁剪方法,基于核心专利群的规避设计,以及针对全方位专利壁垒的专利组合设计,同时对其他相关专利规避设计方法进行了总结。结论专利规避是避开其他竞争对手的专利权利要求而进行创新设计的一种积极可行的专利策略,具有较强的实践应用价值。随着专利规避技术的日趋成熟,对于专利群的规避和专利组合设计的研究会越发受到重视,将TRIZ理论与其他创新设计方法相结合,也将进一步促进专利规避设计的发展。     

基于TRIZ的专利规避创新设计

目的研究通过系统化的专利规避设计方法来指导产品设计。方法通过TRIZ的功能分析法对现有专利分析建立系统的功能模型,根据规避设计方法对功能模型进行适当修剪,确定出规避问题,最后应用TRIZ中的创新求解工具来获得规避方案。结论形成了基于TRIZ的专利规避创新设计流程及方法 ,应用一种鲜花包装盒专利对此方法进行案例分析。采用此方法流程可帮助企业在不侵犯现有专利的情况下,高效快速地进行产品创新设计。     

薄膜体系找形设计中二次找形方法的提出及其力学原理

介绍了利用非线性有限元法进行薄膜体系找形分析的相关理论和相应的有限元计算公式,在此基础上提出了二次找形的概念,指出只有通过二次找形后得到的曲面才是在工程实践中能够真正实现的形状,并通过理论和工程算例证明了本方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于DEA和相对势的电能计量装置改造后评价

结合数据包络分析(DEA)方法和相对势模型,提出了一种评价多个电能计量装置改造项目综合效益的方法.该方法在建立好评价指标体系的基础上,利用DEA模型对待评项目的有效性进行初步评价,并对无效率的改造项目作投影分析;运用相对势模型对各电力部门未实施计量装置改造项目时的状态进行二次评价,分别计算出综合相对势并排序比较;通过对两次评价结果的评判和分析找出真正效率低下的改造项目,提出相应的改进方向和途径.实例的评价过程及结果证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

索网点式幕墙在主体结构多点激励下地震响应分析方法探讨

针对主体结构对单层索网点式玻璃幕墙地震响应的影响,指出了主体结构二次地震输入的纵向空间变异性,进而提出考虑主体结构影响的单层索网玻璃幕墙的地震响应分析方法,即多点激励联合法,并从理论及有限元算例分析上验证了其可行性和必要性。利用多点激励联合模型,在假设二次输入数学模型基础上,研究了主体结构二次输入参数对索网动力响应的影响,及阻尼对索网幕墙地震响应的影响,并得出结论:主体结构位移输入幅值和层间转角较大,或输入主频接近索网基本频率时,主体结构对索网幕墙位移影响较大。最后利用此方法进行算例分析对主体结构的影响大小进行了初步估计,为实际工程中索网幕墙的抗震设计提供参考。     

标准、专利、技术创新的联动模式及实证分析

随着“技术专利化、专利标准化、标准国际化”的趋势日益明显,研究标准、专利、技术创新的联动机制具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文总结了标准、专利、技术创新的三种联动模式,并就我国标准、专利、技术创新的联动过程中出现的问题进行了研究,最后以福建省为例,分析了福建省企业标准、专利、技术创新之间的关联度。     

Patents,Competition, and Firms’ Innovation Incentives

This paper presents fresh evidence on the interaction between industrial property rights (patents) and competition, and their joint effect on firms’ innovation. We use panel data of Spanish manufacturing firms for 1990–2006, as well as external information on European Patent Office and US Patent Office patent counts. We construct a new synthetic measure of competition and estimate the impact of patents on this measure at the industry level. Then, the effect of industry-wide competition and patenting on firms’ innovation is estimated at the firm level. Our results suggest that patents reduce the level of competition in the industry, whereas the effect of competition on innovation varies with the type of innovation indicator. Thus, by lowering competition, patents in an industry exert an indirect effect on innovation besides their direct effect. In addition, interaction effects between patents and competition indicate that patents soften the impact of competition changes on firms’ innovation.     

Surveying inventors listed on patents to investigate determinants of innovation

Summary This paper reviews the methods and findings of studies surveying inventors on nationally representative sample of patents or patent applications. These studies show that the most common inventor is a middle-aged man with a postgraduate qualification, with women representing only 0.4% to 3.5% of inventors. They demonstrate that 43% to 68% of granted patents become innovations (52% on average). Despite such findings this body of work has only been cited 61 times in scientific journals. Thus, surveys of inventors provide good insights into the process of commercialising patents and yet are an underutilised method especially within the literature on innovation.     

Identifying dynamic knowledge flow patterns of business method patents with a hidden Markov model

As an alternative to the conventional R&D innovation, business models are becoming an important locus of lucrative innovation. Due to the rise of the internet economy, business model innovation today often involves technological innovation, and this can be evidenced by business method (BM) patents. Of several mechanisms that stimulate business model innovation, the role of BM patents is probably most noteworthy. To understand how BM patents play their roles in business model innovation, we need to observe the long-term knowledge flow process. Therefore, we aim to identify dynamic patterns of knowledge flows driven by BM patents using a hidden Markov model (HMM) and patent citation data as an input. An HMM is a popular statistical tool for modelling a wide range of time series data. Since it does not have any general theoretical limit in regard to statistical pattern classification, an HMM is capable of characterizing various temporal patterns. A case study is conducted with the BM patents in 16 USPTO subclasses related to secure transactions. After patterns of the individual subclasses are generated, they are grouped into four major patterns through clustering analysis and their characteristics are closely examined. Our analysis reveals that the BM patents for secure transaction in general play increasingly important roles in advancement of business models, facilitating the transfer of knowledge, and thus can provide valuable insights in formulating more effective strategies or policies for business model innovation.     

Influences of counting methods on country rankings: a perspective from patent analysis

The counting of patents and citations is commonly used to evaluate technological innovation and its impact. However, in an age of increasing international collaboration, the counting of international collaboration patents has become a methodological issue. This study compared country rankings using four different counting methods (i.e. whole counting, straight counting, whole-normalized counting, complete-normalized counting) in patent, citation and citation-patent ratio (CP ratio) counts. It also observed inflation depending on the method used. The counting was based on the complete 1992–2011 patent and citation data issued by United States Patent and Trademark Office. The results show that counting methods have only minor effects on country rankings in patent count, citation count and CP ratio count. All four counting methods yield reliable country ranks in technology innovation capability and impact. While the influences of counting methods vary between patent count, citation count and CP ratio count, counting methods may exert slightly greater effects on CP ratio counts than on patent and citation counts. As for the inflation, the distributions of higher and lower inflation by the four counting methods are different in patent, citation and CP ratio counts.     

Multi-cross-industry innovation patents in the USA - A combination of PATSTAT and Orbis search

Knowledge and technologies from different fields will undoubtedly be combined in order to develop the products of the future. Remarkable examples thereof can already be found in the fields of interconnected „smart“ products and natural care products. Few companies have access to the entire range of available knowledge; most are required to obtain this knowledge from other companies or research institutes. One way to acquire the requisite knowledge is through co-operation. When at least three companies from different industries are cooperating for this purpose, we speak of multi-cross-industry innovation. This kind of innovation is reflected in many cases of patenting. For a deeper understanding, we identify multi-cross-industry innovation patents in the leading market of the USA, using a combined search on PATSTAT and Orbis in the period from 1980 to 2015. We apply a time series analysis, an applicant analysis, a priority country analysis, an analysis of co-operation structure, and an analysis of the application domains to the data. Our results show an increase in the occurrence of multi-cross-industry innovation patents. The major players involved in this are Japanese companies, which apply for nearly 90% of all multi-cross-industry innovation patents. Multi-cross-industry innovation covers a broad range of application domains, from electronics to material sciences.     

The private and social value of patents in discrete and cumulative innovation

This article analyzes the relationship between private and social value of patents, comparing discrete and cumulative innovation. Indicators of the social value of patents are known to be less correlated with measures of private value in technological fields where innovation is more cumulative. We test whether this is because the link between private and social value is weaker, or because the indicators are less informative of the underlying concepts of value. Furthermore we analyze whether these differences between technological fields are really due to cumulativeness. We observe cumulative innovation by making use of databases of patents declared essential for technological standards. Using factor analysis and a set of patent quality indicators, we test the relevance of social value for predicting the private value of a patent measured by renewal and litigation. Whereas we establish a robust and significant link for discrete technologies; neither common factors nor any indicator of social value allows predicting the private value of essential, very cumulative patents. Nevertheless, this result cannot be generalized to whole technological classes identified as “complex” by the literature.     

Organization and Management of Deep knowledge Resources for Product Innovation

Product innovation,for a truly strong solution,needs deep knowledge.Based on this point,the authors draw a conclusion that patents are the main resource of deep technique knowledge.There are five levels of newly organized patents.The main results of the studies on patents are various tech-nique effects.The database of effects is organized and managed according to the form of function-effect structure.     

Launch of a product and patents: evidence from the US cardiovascular pharmaceutical sector

ABSTRACT

Recent literature on the role of patents in shaping competition between incumbents and new entrants shows mixed evidence, as patents can discourage entry into markets but may also encourage potential entrants by increasing profitability from research and development. The increasing use of patents as strategic weapons motivates this investigation of the impact of innovation on competition. In a case study of US pharmaceutical cardiovascular submarkets over the period 1988–1998, we use a panel probit model to study the impact of a firm’s patents and rivals’ patents in the firm’s decision to launch new products. Our results show that the number of a firm’s lagged patents encourages the firm’s entry with new products, while rivals’ initial stock of patents discourages entry, but more recent patents promote entry by opening new technological opportunities.     

Choosing the right collaboration partner for innovation: a framework based on topic analysis and link prediction

Selecting the right collaboration partner is one of the most important contributors to success in collaborative innovation. Accordingly, numerous methods for selecting an appropriate partner have been developed to guide would-be collaborators in their search. Most rely on bibliographic information, which may be easier for that data is readily available and relatively normalized. However, with the benefit of today’s text mining and fusion techniques, it is possible to mine the content of papers and patents so as to result in far more nuanced and advantageous choices. In this article, we explore how to select partners for collaborative innovation by combining the characteristics of the authors of paper and patent documents as well as their content. Drawing on existing research, we developed a systematic framework that relies on topic analysis and link prediction. With a corpus of papers and patents assembled, the framework extracts correlated scientific and technological topics followed by a list of author institutions and a list of patentees. These organisations are parsed and evaluated using two indicators of innovation—capability and openness—to result in two separate ranked lists. Two integrated collaboration networks that include both author institutions and patentees are then built, and a link prediction method identifies missing links with a high likelihood of fruitful cooperation. A case study on hepatitis C virus research shows that the ranking procedure and the link prediction method can be used either together or separately to effectively identify collaborative innovation partners. Our results provide significant quantitative evidence for policymakers who are looking to foster cooperation between research institutions and/or high-tech enterprises. Our research may also serve as the basis for further in-depth research on collaborative innovation, R&D cooperation, and link prediction theories and methods.