基于Eviews对专利申请和地区经济关系的协整检验

以西安市数据为例,构造专利申请和地区经济的模型,采用单位根检验和协整检验,研究专利申请和地区经济增长协整关系,得出结论专利申请与地方经济具有长期稳定的均衡关系,同时专利的发展对地方经济的增长有着正向上网促进作用,从长期来看,专利申请量对西安市GDP的弹性系数约为0.572113,表明专利申请量每增长1%,西安GDP将增长0.57%。     

Generating sub-1V reference voltages from a resistorless CMOS bandgap reference circuit by using a piecewise curvature temperature compensation technique

A piecewise curvature compensated CMOS voltage reference that is able to generate a sub-1V reference voltage is presented. The presented voltage reference circuit is operated at a minimum operating voltage of 1.5 V (theoretically 1.408 V) and generates a stable 0.658 V reference voltage with a temperature coefficient of 9.617 ppm/°C over the temperature range of −10 °C to 130 °C. When implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the presented design occupies a compact silicon area of 0.022 mm². Spectre SPICE simulation showed that the presented design achieves a line regulation of 0.89%, a power supply rejection ratio of −42.3 dB, a power consumption of 0.449 mW at 1.8 V power supply and a high immunity to process variation.     

Correlation function estimation by a polarity method using stochastic reference signals

Instead of estimating correlation functions by conventional means, a specific polarity scheme may be used on bounded processes. The method is based on a rather simple relationship between the correlation functions before and after infinite clipping, provided that stochastic reference signals of uniform distribution are added to the process. This correlation technique has been known for some time. Because of the apparent computational advantages, its application to the estimation of correlation functions from discrete or sampled data is being examined. A general derivation of the appropriate moment relationship is given and a complete mean-square error analysis of estimates is provided under the assumption of white-noise-type reference signals. It is shown that correlation function estimates obtained by this polarity method possess a mean-square error that differs from the error of conventional estimates only by a term proportional to1/N, whereNis the sample size. This term may be made arbitrarily small. Thus, only small degradations in the accuracy of estimates have to be expected when using the polarity approach.     

Improved Buffer Amplifier for Incorporation Within a Biopotential Electrode

An amplifier for an active electrode is described which requires only a two-conductor connecting cable, is current limiting for patient safety, and has essentially unity voltage gain. In addition, the output impedance is lower and the input impedance has more adjustment latitude than is possible with a conventional source follower.     

技术突围 珠海炬力应对专利官司

日前,美国国际贸易委员会发布通知,将珠海炬力侵权案的完成调查日期推迟到2006年9月15日,这意味着在此之前,炬力的产品可以无限制地进入美国市场。“我们成了第一家接受337调查的中国芯片设计公司,这在一定程度上增强了炬力的知名度,”珠海炬力集成电路设计有限公司CEO叶南宏说     

Common sense in patent law

This article discusses common sense for obtaining patents in litigation. Since the teaching, suggestion, or motivation (TSM) would allow one to argue that a combination was improper. A strict reading of the TSM test could make allowable a claim that would rely on elements which in the course of business would have been combined by a person in the field. The test was used by patent attorneys in obtaining patents over rejections. A defendant might raise the argument that a patent is invalid because the patent should never have been issued, since the claims are obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art. The patent holder could rely on TSM to prevail against a defendant.     

Direct bonding in patent literature

Patent literature tells its own story of technological innovations. This story is evaluated here in the case of direct bonding. It is concluded that, on a worldwide basis, direct bonding has been approached via three avenues: optical, silicon technology and silicon wafer preparation.     

专利法第33条在通信领域专利申请及审查中的重要性

【】《专利法》第33条规定：申请人可以对其专利申请文件进行修改,但是,对发明和实用新型专利申请文件的修改不得超出原说明书和权利要求书记载的范围,对外观设计专利申请文件的修改不得超出原图片或照片表示的范围。专利审查部门与实务界针对《专利法》第33条规定的“修改不得超范围”原则一直存在较多分歧与争论[1]。例如,关于立法目的之争,关于何为“直接毫无疑义地确定”之争等,并且上述分歧及矛盾在某种程度上并未得到有效解决。笔者从专利审查员的审查意见及申请人的意见陈述两个层面出发,对若干实际案例做出具体分析,目的在于表明上述分歧及矛盾并非不可调和,双方可通过在审查意见及意见陈述中合理运用专利法第33条以使申请人的利益得到切实维护。     

MOVPE-HgCdTe薄膜掺杂研究的进展

MOVPE是生长HgCdTe薄膜的主要技术之一,它可以灵活地控制掺杂浓度和原位生长高性能的p-n异质结和双异质结双波段p-n-N-P的HgCdTe薄膜.文中还简要介绍近年在MOVPE-HgCdTe薄膜的掺杂研究中,施主掺杂和受主掺杂的研究情况以及取得的最新近展.EI和DMAAs分别是广泛采用的施主和受主掺杂剂.     

基于参考标签的射频识别定位算法研究与应用

对基于参考标签的最近邻居定位算法提出了若干改进,提出了动态k值设定的方法,参考标签可信度的概念和最近邻标签偏差校正算法,并采用了目标标签历史轨迹算法.基于多天线的时分复用搭建了室内定位系统,并且依据改进后的算法开发了相应的界面软件.实测表明改进算法的定位精度和在恶劣环境下定位结果的稳定度比原算法有了明显提高.     

The application layer of the reference model of open systems interconnection

During the past year, considerable progress has been made in describing the Application and Presentation Layers of the Reference Model of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). In this paper the work of ANSI, ISO, and CCITT on the Application Layer is discussed. The author herein discusses communication of information between application processes and, building on the concepts introduced, describes the role of the Application Layer in supporting communication.     

Signal processing by random reference quantizing

This paper deals with the propertie of Quantizer transfer characteristic smoothing when a quantizer with random parameters is used instead of a classical deterministic quantizer (Random Quantization).The author establishes a mathematical expression of the smoothing of the transfer characteristic, for any order moment of the quantized variable. Special attention is given to uniform quantizer with only one Random Reference. (Random Reference Quantization: R.R.Q.).The main part of this paper is devoted to the applications of this kind of Quantization to signal processing. Two fields of up-to-date interest are investigated: (1) Correlation Estimation by R.R.Q. which leads to faster and/or more accurate estimators. (2) Stochastic Computing, which is a computing method, presently in fast expansion, particularly well-suited to computation in noisy media.     

Incorporation of a Software Robot anda Mobile Robot Using a Middle Layer

One of the key components of an ubiquitous robot (Ubibot) is the software robot (Sobot), which can communicate with embedded robot (Embot) and mobile robot (Mobot). Sobot is a virtual robot, which has the ability to move to any place or to connect to any device through a network without any spatial limitation. Embot has the capability to sense the surroundings and to interpret the context of the environment and can communicate with Mobot and Sobot. Mobot provides an integrated mobile services. To incorporate Sobot, Embot, and Mobot reliably as an Ubibot, a middle layer is needed to arbitrate different protocols among them. This paper focuses on incorporating Sobot and Mobot to overcome physical limitations of Sobot for physical behaviors in real situations. To implement the incorporation of them, the basic concept and structure of the middle layer are proposed. The effectiveness of the middle layer for Sobot and Mobot is demonstrated through real experiments.     

Incorporation of strain into a two-dimensional model ofquantum-well semiconductor lasers

The effect of strain quantum wells was incorporated into a 2-D semiconductor laser simulator. An anisotropic parabolic band structure was used to approximate the valence band structure obtained from a Lutinger-Kohn k.p theory to facilitate the simulation. It is shown that, with a proper choice of the anisotropic effective masses, a good approximation of the strained band structure can be obtained. This approximation allows the gain, spontaneous emission rate, and the carrier concentration to be modeled in forms usable for the 2-D laser simulator. The usefulness of the 2-D model is demonstrated with an example of a ridge-waveguide strained InGaAs-AlGaAs laser. The simulation shows that for compressive strain, the gain function is enhanced significantly, but so too are the spontaneous emission and the leakage current. The predicted effect of strain on the lasing threshold is in good agreement with experimental results     

Single event transient effects in a voltage reference

The Single Event Transient response of the LM236 band gap voltage reference from Texas Instruments is analyzed through heavy ion experiments and simulation. The LM236 circuit calibration was performed using generic transistor parameters that were subsequently optimized using device and circuit simulations. This technique avoids the requirement for performing detailed device-level parameter extraction and simplifies the SET methodology for circuit calibration.     

智能终端的专利之争

融合了多种技术、多重标准、多样化功能的智能终端,在给用户带来更完美的体验、给企业带来更大发展机遇的同时,也带来了较高的专利风险。。     

一种高电源抑制的基准源的设计

本文针对传统基准电压的低PSR以及低输出电压的问题,通过采用LDO与带隙基准的混合设计,并且采用BCD工艺,得到了一种可以输出较高参考电压的高PSR(电源抑制)带隙基准。此带隙基准的1.186 V输出电压在低频时PSR为-145 dB,在0～1 GHz频带内,最高PSR为-36 dB。在-50～150℃内,1.186 V基准的温漂为7.5 ppm/℃。     

Incorporation of edge conditions in moment method solutions

The use of an edge condition in moment method solutions is investigated. Using as an example TM scattering by a strip, various numerical schemes for treating the edge behavior are examined for low frequencies where an analytical solution of the quasi-static integral equation is available for comparison. The same numerical techniques are then applied in the general dynamic case. It is found that failure to incorporate the correct edge behavior in the current expansion can resuit in erroneous currents and anomalous behavior of the solution near edges. The use of ordinary pulses or triangle expansion functions with appropriately singular pulses at the edges circumvents these difficulties. In the case of pulses, a simple correction factor is derived which can be used a posteriori to correct the calculated edge current.     

Normal and emergency control of a string of vehicles by fixed reference sampled-data control

A fixed reference control scheme for automated highways is proposed. Each vehicle controls itself; thus multiloop feedback is avoided. A simple proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is selected from many alternatives. For emergency stopping, a PI controller using a tachometer on a braked wheel can bring a vehicle with rubber tires to a controlled skid-free stop.