以抗旱为中心农田水利基本建设年年迈大步

以抗旱为中心农田水利基本建设年年迈大步井陉县水利局李五喜以干旱著称的井陉县，发扬当年发生在这块热土上的韩信“背水一战”的精神，大搞农田水利基本建设不松劲，年年迈大步，年年做出新成就。一、１９９３年水利建设指标全面完成连续三年被评为石家庄市农田水利建设...     

山西省农田水利基本建设10年回眸

１山西省农田水利基本建设发展历程建国以来,山西人民发扬自力更生、艰苦奋斗的精神,针对本省实际,开展了以治水改土为中心的农田水利基本建设,取得了很大成绩。党的十一届三中全会后,我省曾一度出现过放松农田水利基本建设的倾向,致使水地面积连年减少,粮食生产连续３年出现较大滑坡。面对现实,省委、省政府在总结农业生产经验教训和成败得失的基础上,提出要重整旗鼓,恢复干劲,开展以巩固水利设施为中心的农田水利基本建设。１９８７年１０月９日,山西省委、省政府召开了自十一届三中全会以来全省规模最大、规格最高的冬春农业生产动员会,…     

加快改革 加强管理 推动农建年活动开展

自 1997年以来，大城县连续 4年遭受严重的旱灾。面对严重的旱灾，大城县委、县政府积极把工作重心转移到农田水利基本建设工作上，确定 1999～ 2000年度为大城县农田水利基本建设年，并带领全县人民开展了轰轰烈烈的以小型水利工程产权制度改革为中心的农田水利基本建设活动。 1年来，全县累计投入 6889万元用于水利建设，推动了县域经济尤其是农业经济的持续发展。 一、加快改革 随着农村经济体制改革和社会发展的推进，集体所有水利工程设施与土地家庭联产承包经营之间的矛盾愈加突出。为尽快改革这一不合理的生产关系，加快水利建设发…     

衡水市农田水利基本建设靠改革走出新路

衡水市农田水利基本建设靠改革走出新路衡水是一个农业市，又是一个严重贫水地区。近年来，该市围绕节水灌溉、水利工程的投资体制和经营管理体制改革进行了积极探索，走出了一条新路子，取得了明显的社会经济效益。一、因地制宜推广节水技术，努力提高水资源利用率该市在...     

立足抗灾增收突出结构调整积极探索新形势下农田建设的新路子

具有时代特征的农田水利基本建设,是关系到国民经济和社会发展的一项伟大事业,是功在当代、利在千秋的一项基础产业,是农业综合开发的一项系统工程。如何适应新的形势,把新时期的农田水利基本建设搞得更有活力,更有成效,是当前农村工作面临的一个重要课题。１９９９年以来,和顺县把农田水利基本建设作为建立防灾减灾体系,改变农业生产条件和生态环境,实现可持续发展的根本措施来抓,进一步开拓发展思路,扩展建设领域,增加科技含量,创新运行机制,走出了一条农田水利基本建设的新路子。１新形势下对农建的新认识从５０年的农业生产实践看,和顺…     

山西省农田水利基本建设指挥部发出通知 要求全省各地全力搞好夏季农田水利基本建设

山西省农田水利基本建设指挥部在通知中指出,芒种已过,麦收由南向北全面展开,夏季农田水利基本建设的黄金时期已经到来,各地都要立即行动起来,以市场经济为向导,紧紧围绕实现农业产业化这个总目标,加强领导,精心组织,突出效益。不失时机的掀起夏季农田水利基本建设新高潮。 今年夏季农田水利基本建设要以防汛抗旱为重点,紧紧围绕1996年农田水利基本建设实施方案和水利年度计划,突出抓好以下3项工作。     

紧抓农建手不松 十载赢得五谷丰

从１９８９年朔州建市以来，朔州区区委、区政府一直把农田水利基本建设作为农业持续发展的骨干工程，一任接着一任干，一年更比一年强，使全区的农田水利基本建设由小到大，由点到面，由粗到精，摸索出了一条连片治理、规模发展、产业经营的新路子。１０ａ（年）的不懈努...     

运城地区股份合作制办水的实践与思考

运城地区是我省的农业大区，是重要的麦、棉、果、菜生产基地，但是水资源严重紧缺的自然特点直接制约着全区农业和农村经济的发展，为此，我区多年来坚持不懈地大搞农田水利基本建设，适应市场经济发展的要求，走出了一条以股份合作制办水为主要形式的农田水利基本建设的...     

陕西省人民政府主持召开关中地区水利工作会议 徐山林副省长在会上作重要讲话

今年全省发生严重旱灾,在各地全力以赴开展抗旱的形势下,省政府于8月13日至16日在礼泉县召开了有关中各地、市、县主管农业水利工作的专员、市长、县长和水利部门负责同志参加的关中地区水利工作会议.会议的中心议题是研究如何记取今年旱灾的教训,迅速刹住破坏水利设施的歪风,认真整顿水利管理,安排部署今年秋播后开展以修复水利设施为重点的农田水利建设问题。实际上就是如何充分发挥八百里秦川的水利优势问题。会议期间,徐山林副省长以《深刻记取今年旱灾的教训,坚持不懈地搞好农田水利基本建设》为题作了重要讲话,省水利水保厅厅长曹廷甫就贯彻落实省委、省政府指示,努力做好关中地区水     

明确重点 深化改革 坚定不移搞好农田水利基本建设

１充分肯定成绩，更加坚定不移地抓好农田水利基本建设这几年是我省农业和农村经济发展的一个重要的转折时期，也是一段比较困难的时期。连续几年严重的自然灾害对我省农业抗灾能力作了最实际的检验，也进一步坚定了各地坚持不懈大搞农田水利基本建设的信心和决心。几年来，省委、省政府坚持从调整农业结构，增加农民收入的现实需要出发，从经济社会可持续发展的战略需要出发，狠抓全省农田水利基本建设，取得了一系列重大的成就。集中体现在以下四个方面。１．１农田水利基本建设走上更大的规模在长期的农田水利基本建设过程中，迫于群众温…     

长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定

基于长江中游四大家鱼发江量历次调查数据,采用宜昌站作为长江中游水文情势变化分析的控制站,基于其1900~2004年共105年的日径流资料,采用每年5~6月涨水过程数、总涨水日数、平均每次涨水过程日数等3项生态水文指标,分析了四大家鱼发江量与3项生态水文因子的变化关系,认为产卵场所处江段每年5~6月的总涨水日数是决定家鱼苗发江量多寡的一个重要环境因子。根据IHA方法,对宜昌站105年来的生态水文指标分析表明,长江宜昌站生态水文过程的改变并不明显,5~6月总涨水日数变化趋势不显著,显示长江中游影响四大家鱼苗发江量的生态流量过程改变不明显,与前人得出的葛洲坝枢纽修建后四大家鱼的产卵条件和卵苗江汛规律没有变化这一认识一致。但是,随着三峡水库的运行,下游河道的生态环境流量过程会有较大改变,本文建议三峡水库的调控以保障长江中游每年5~6月的总涨水日数维持在22.1±7.2范围内为生态水文目标,即可从生态环境流量过程方面补偿水利工程对中游四大家鱼鱼苗发江量的影响。     

Seminar on Water and Energy,Stockholm, Sweden,August 21, 2005

Abstract

In Europe the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will have major implications for water resources management. Part of the Directive requires Member States to implement a comprehensive system of controls (licences) on the allocation and abstraction (withdrawal) of surface and groundwater resources. This paper describes the development of a procedure to help assess and set abstraction licences for agricultural irrigation. The methodology is described with reference to Scotland, a country with limited abstraction control previously and where irrigation is supplemental to rainfall. The methodology combines spatial climatic information using a Geographical Information System (GIS) with data derived from a water balance computer model. The procedure enables the volumetric irrigation demand in a ‘design’ dry year for a given site to be estimated, taking into account local variations in climate, soil type, land use and irrigation practices. The approach provides a scientifically robust framework to allow the regulatory authority to assess the ‘reasonable’ water requirements of individual irrigators and hence develop allocations to satisfy the range of competing demands (e.g. agriculture, industry, and environment) on water resources. The methodology is applicable in other temperate countries where water abstraction controls are required and where appropriate datasets are available. The application of the procedure and its methodological limitations are described.     

Stakeholder-driven,enquiry-driven,or stakeholder-relevant,enquiry-driven science?

There is currently debate within the international hydrological community on whether hydrological science should give priority to providing measurements, knowledge, and understanding pre-determined as being needed by stakeholders, or priority to more basic enquiry-driven science that will stimulate the continued health and growth of hydrology as an important Earth science discipline. Two recent major international initiatives in hydrology reflect these two perspectives. One, the Hydrology for the Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) program, is primarily fostered by UNESCO-IHP and is focused on stimulating the stakeholder-driven hydrological science required in specific catchments that have become members of a global network. The second, the decade on Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), which is appropriately managed by IAHS, is primarily driven by scientific enquiry and is focused on creating new scientific methods and understanding, albeit with practical application ultimately in mind. This paper summarizes the nature, origins, growth, and progress of these two international programs but also describes the subtly different approach that has been adopted by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). NSF is a federal agency whose primary goal is to ‘enable the future’ by stimulating novel science. Because SAHRA is a federally-funded entity supported by an agency with this goal, the Center clearly cannot operate in stakeholder-driven, response mode in competition with the already effective private U.S. consultancy industry. Nonetheless, SAHRA's mission is to create knowledge and build understanding that will enhance the prospects of sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, especially the southwestern U.S. To resolve this apparent conflict, SAHRA looks ahead to future stakeholder needs and builds its research agenda around selected critical stakeholder-relevant questions that require substantial and sustained investment in basic, multidisciplinary, enquiry-driven science. This paper describes SAHRA's approach and reports on associated research and outreach activities.     

Growth,Reproduction, Mortality,Distribution, and Biomass of Freshwater Drum in Lake Erie

Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens population were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = ?5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978.     

水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法综述

在总结水-能源-粮食纽带关系研究中, 使用频率较高或潜力较大的 8 种水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法为: 水-能源-粮食纽带关系工具 2.0( WEF Nexus Tool 2.0) ; 生命周期评价( LCA) ; 可计算的一般均衡模型( CGE) ; 系统动力学模型( SD) ; 气候、土地、能源与水资源策略( CLEWS) ; 基于社会生态系统代谢的多尺度综合评价( MuSIASEM ) ; 市场配置/ 市场配置系统集成模型( MARKAL/ TIMES) 和水资源评价规划模型-长期能源替代规划系统 ( WEAP2LEAP) 。通过总结各研究方法的产生、发展及特性, 并引用案例讨论其适用范围, 分析其优缺点和在使用 时需要注意的问题。在此基础上, 对未来水2能源2粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的发展趋势进行讨论, 认为伴随可持 续发展问题关注度的上升与水-能源-粮食纽带关系内在机理的挖掘, 未来的水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法将 更加注重量化的精确性和数据的互通以及跨学科研究和多方法的耦合。本文可为水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的选择和更新优化提供参考。     

Survival,Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub,Gila Cypha,in the Little Colorado River,Arizona

Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001–2002 and 2009–2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark‐recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site‐specific and year‐specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river‐wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.