错列排布S型翅片流道内流动与传热特性数值研究

对错列排布的S型翅片流道内的流体流动与传热特性进行了数值计算研究,考查了局部、流场分布,分析了不同雷诺数下局部传热系数分布,随着雷诺数增加,传热系数升高.同时从场协同的角度分析了传热系数变化的原因.与传统波纹翅片结构进行对比,S型翅片结构协同角降低,场协同程度提高,对流传热系数增加.     

管内局部障碍流场的有限元解法

本文用有限元方法对管内局部障碍－偏置细长孔口处流场进行数值模拟。在求解流函数－涡量式时，壁面上的涡量边界条件用时间迭代法加以确定。对雷诺数Re=600时的流动进行计算，所得计算结果以可视化的流线和速度矢量图的形式给出，对分析流场的结构具有重要意义，对局部障碍的设计有一定的参考价值。     

不同雷诺数下的单一圆柱绕流流场分析

为了分析均匀流体流经圆柱发生体后产生的绕流流场特性,采用数值计算的方法,对不同雷诺数下的均匀来流流经圆柱体的流动过程进行数值计算,研究分析不同工况下流场的流动形态,得到了不同雷诺数流动状态下的流场参数变化规律谱及流经圆柱发生体时的流线谱,并对同一雷诺数下不同时刻的流场形态及静压力变化情况进行了分析。结果表明,流体流经圆柱发生体时的阻滞作用随雷诺数的变化而产生变化,流体惯性力随雷诺数的增大对流场的平衡状态产生的影响增大,流经圆柱发生体后的旋涡由旋向相反的对称分布逐渐发生扰动,且旋涡尺度逐渐增大;同时,受圆柱发生体阻滞作用及流体黏性的影响,在圆柱发生体迎流面受到的力作用最大,圆柱发生体上下对称分布位置的力作用基本一致,随着流动距离的增大,流场的静压力逐渐变小,流场变化趋于平缓。     

板式热交换器高粘性流体传热与流动模拟研究

建立了某种板型板式热交换器的板片及其流道模型,利用计算流体力学软件对流道内流体的流动及传热进行数值模拟,得到高粘度流体的传热系数及压降,分析了压力场,温度场,速度场的变化规律进而回归粘性流体的传热准则方程。将模拟所得结果与试验所得结果进行比较,结果表明:模拟和试验结果偏差在20%内,说明对于油水热交换器,采用数值模拟是可行的。     

球形阴极数控电解加工的流场仿真及试验研究

针对球形阴极数控电解加工的流场设计,以电解液的流道为物理模型建立了相应的数值模型,应用计算流体力学方法对流场的数值模型进行求解,得到流场的速度和压力分布。根据求解结果,分析了阴极内部结构和出液口形状对流场的影响;通过改进阴极的内部结构和出液口形状,得到了较为理想的流场仿真结果;结合工艺试验,验证了仿真结果的准确性。     

卸荷阀三维流场数值模拟与试验研究

应用在航天领域中某型号卸荷阀,是航天火箭气动控制系统的重要组成元件,其稳定性、可靠性直接影响到整个航天系统的正常运行。通过使用三维流场数值模拟技术,对某型号卸荷阀流道内的流场流态进行数值仿真,建立大活门与壳体径向间隙的压力场和速度场分布状态,通过分析不同径向间隙尺寸对流场流态及压力-速度特性的影响,确定了影响卸荷阀稳态特性的主要结构参数;经试验验证,与仿真计算结果吻合较好,试验结果验证了三维流场数值仿真的有效性,为降低试验研究成本,缩短开发周期及卸荷阀的优化设计和故障诊断提供了指导。     

进口节流式滑阀内流场的有限元计算与PIV研究

用有限元法(FEM)和粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对三种不同开口度下进口节流滑阀沿进口流道、节流口、阀腔以及出口流道的流场进行了数值计算和试验可视化研究。数值模拟的数学模型采用的是连续性方程和Navier-Stokes方程的流函数—涡量式,有限元法用于方程的离散。自行编制的有限元计算程序用来计算求解区域离散点上的流函数及涡量值,再根据流函数及涡量与速度分量之间的关系求出各结点上的速度矢量。对于粒子图像测速试验,光源采用双脉冲Nd:YAG激光器,再用柱透镜和球面镜调制得到1.0mm片光照射流场。30～50μm的聚苯乙烯小球用做示踪粒子,Kodak ES1.0 CCD照相机拍摄流场图像,所得图像用FFT相关算法进行处理,结果用Tecplot输出,数值计算和PIV试验表明,滑阀内部有三个部位产生涡旋。数值计算又表明滑阀开度对阀内部流场结构有影响。研究对于定性分析阀内能量损失、噪声以及对阀的结构和流道的设计有重要实际意义。     

电解车削加工流场的数值模拟及工艺试验研究

针对电解车削加工的流场设计,基于内喷式阴极结构和电解液流道的物理模型建立了相应的数值模型,应用计算流体力学方法进行求解,得到了流场的速度和压力分布。根据求解结果,分析了阴极内部结构对流场的影响;通过改进阴极的内部结构,得到了相对较好的模拟结果;结合工艺试验,验证了数值模拟的准确性,表明可将计算流体动力学的方法用于流场的模拟和指导阴极结构的改进设计。     

三维方管层流冲击射流流动与传热的数值研究

通过求解三维稳态不可压缩N-S方程和能量方程,对半封闭层流方管冲击射流的流动与传热特性进行了数值研究。根据计算结果分析了射流中四个偏心速度峰值形成的原因,在层流范围内考察了射流雷诺数和冲击高度对流场结构和传热性能的影响。计算结果表明,冲击射流的传热特性受流场结构的控制,冲击面附近水平断面上四个偏心速度峰值的形成,导致在相应断面上形成温度分布的四个偏心最小值,以及在冲击面上形成局部Nu数的四个偏心峰值。     

基于CFD的液压集成块典型流道液阻仿真研究

应用计算流体动力学方法对液压集成块内部典型流道流场进行了模拟研究,提出结合液流流动特性来优化集成块典型流道结构设计的方法。通过数值模拟得到了压力云图、速度矢量图及流线图,定性地分析了液流在典型流道中涡旋产生的位置、大小及耗能机理,得到了块内流道结构形式对液阻性能的影响规律,进而提出流道在几何结构上的改进措施,实现了降低液体流经液压集成块的压力损失、减少能耗的目的。     

分离涡流场数值仿真的参数影响研究

分离涡流场普遍存在于工业现场,数值仿真和试验研究在分离涡研究中相辅相成。数值仿真控制方程存在多个参数,某些参数变化对仿真结果有很大影响。以二维后向台阶流场、圆管后向台阶流场和圆管楔形流场为例,借助粒子图像测速技术和数值仿真方法,对参数变化影响进行研究。使用切应力运输(Shear stress transport,SST)k-ω湍流模型对分离涡流场进行数值仿真,理论推导得到SST k-ω湍流模型参数a_1变化对三种具有分离涡的流场数值仿真结果的影响。研究结果认为参数a_1越大,回流区长度越小。通过数值仿真验证理论推导结论。并通过比较模型参数变化对数值仿真结果的影响,认为圆管楔形流场与二维后向台阶流场、圆管后向台阶流场具有相似流场特性。根据粒子图像测速技术观测结果,优化模型参数a_1的设置。     

Finite Element Numerical Simulation and PIV Measurement of Flow Field inside Metering-in Spool Valve

The finite element method (FEM) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique are utilized to get the flow field along the inlet passage, the chamber, the metering port and the outlet passage of spool valve at three different valve openings. For FEM numerical simulation, the stream function ψ -vorticity ω forms of continuity and Navier-Stokes equations are employed and FEM is applied to discrete the equations. Homemade simulation codes are executed to compute the values of stream function and vorticity at each node in the flow domain, then according to the correlation between stream function and velocity components, the velocity vectors of the whole field are calculated. For PIV experiment, pulse Nd: YAG laser is exploited to generate laser beam, cylindrical and spherical lenses are combined each other to produce 1.0 mm thickness laser sheet to illuminate the object plane, Polystyrene spherical particle with diameter of 30-50 μm is seeded in the fluid as a tracing particles, Kodak ES1.0 CCD camera is employed to capture the images of interested, the images are processed with fast Fourier transform (FFT) cross-correlation algorithm and the processing results is displayed. Both results of numerical simulation and PIV experimental show that there are three main areas in the spool valve where vortex is formed.Numerical results also indicate that the valve opening have some effects on the flow structure of the valve. The investigation is helpful for qualitatively analyzing the energy loss, noise generating, steady state flow forces and even designing the geometry structure and flow passage.     

伺服阀前置级流场气穴现象的仿真及试验研究

针对液压阀中的气穴现象会引起液压阀的噪音、性能恶化,甚至导致液压阀失效等问题,对伺服阀前置级喷嘴和挡板之间流场中的气穴现象进行了研究.利用Pro/E软件对流场进行了三维建模,用前处理软件Gambit对三维模型进行了网格划分及边界条件设置,利用标准k-ε模型和混合气穴模型建立流场的数学模型,运用FLUENT软件对不同喷嘴入口流速下流场的分布特性及气穴特征进行了仿真分析;同时利用高速摄像机对喷嘴挡板之间的流场分布进行了观测和记录.研究结果表明,在低雷诺数流动条件下,气穴开始在喷嘴外壁和挡板前端的边缘形成;随着雷诺数的增大,在挡板弯曲的附体气穴逐渐长大并随着射流流速的增加出现云状的气穴.将不同流动条件下流场结构和气穴分布的数值计算结果与试验观测结果进行比较,两者基本吻合,说明伺服阀前置级流场气穴仿真模型和数值计算方法是可靠的.     

PIV measurements in a turbulent wall jet over a backward-facing step in a three-dimensional,non-confined channel

A study of a turbulent wall jet over a backward-facing step is especially of interest because it shows a rich phenomenon flow and a mechanism to alter the flow characteristics downstream of the step. However, studies on this flow configuration are rare. In this paper, we considered this flow configuration in a non-confined channel as the specific engineering applications of electrical rotating machines and alternator that can be found in modern wind generators of the power production industry and automobile engines. The turbulent wall jet over a backward-facing step in a non-confined wind tunnel had the jet Reynolds number of 24,100 and the step Reynolds number of 11,900. Particle image velocity (PIV) and stereoscopic PIV measurements were performed along the central plane and several cross-stream planes. Numerical simulation of the test configuration was conducted by solving the three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the second-order closure Reynolds stress model (RSM). The mean flow fields and second-order statistical moments from the RSM simulation were compared to results that were obtained through the PIV and stereo-PIV experiments. The mean reattachment length obtained from the current configuration was much shorter than those from the backward-facing step in the plane channel. The stereo-PIV measurements in the cross-stream planes revealed a high three-dimensionality of the flow, a high population of streamwise vortice in the upper region, near the side walls and the corners formed by the side walls and the bottom wall. The obtained results also confirmed the presence of the wall-jet formation on the bottom wall.     

钢塑共挤模具导入角变化对聚合物熔体流动行为影响的数值模拟分析

以聚合物挤出过程有限元模型为基础,采用自主开发的有限元分析软件对幂律型流体在钢塑共挤模具分流段的流动过程进行了非等温模拟,获得了聚合物熔体在模具分流段内的速度场和温度场分布;分析了导入角变化对聚合物熔体流动行为影响的一般规律。结果表明:仅考虑导入角变化对流动行为的影响时,速度场和温度场的分布趋势基本不变;在垂直于流动方向的截面上的速度分布和在流动区域内的最大温升会略有改变。给出的如何合理选择导入角度的建议,对模具设计与优化具有一定的指导意义。     

Particle image velocimetry of a flow at a vaulted wall

The assessment of flow along a vaulted wall (with two main finite radii of curvature) is of general interest; in biofluid mechanics, it is of special interest. Unlike the geometry of flows in engineering, flow geometry in nature is often determined by vaulted walls. Specifically the flow adjacent to the wall of blood vessels is particularly interesting since this is where either thrombi are formed or atherosclerosis develops. Current measurement methods have problems assessing the flow along vaulted walls. In contrast with conventional particle image velocimetry (PIV), this new method, called wall PIV, allows the investigation of a flow adjacent to transparent flexible surfaces with two finite radii of curvature. Using an optical method which allows the observation of particles up to a predefined depth enables the visualization solely of the boundary layer flow. This is accomplished by adding a specific dye to the fluid which absorbs the monochromatic light used to illuminate the region of observation. The obtained images can be analysed with the methods of conventional PIV and result in a vector field of the velocities along the wall. With wall PIV, the steady flow adjacent to the vaulted wall of a blood pump was investigated and the resulting velocity field as well as the velocity fluctuations were assessed.     

An experimental study of developing and fully developed flows in a wavy channel by PIV

An experimental study is presented for a flow field in a two dimensional wavy channels by PIV. This flow has two major applications such as a blood flow simulation and the enhancement of heat transfer in a heat exchanger. While the numerical flow visualization results have been limited to the fully developed cases, existing experimental results of this flow were simple qualitative ones by smoke or dye streak test. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to produce quantitative flow data for fully developed and developing flow regimes by the Correlation Based Correction PIV (CBC PIV) and to conjecture the analogy between flow characteristics and heat transfer enhancement with low pumping power. Another purpose of this paper is to examine the onset position of the transition and the global mixing, which results in transfer enhancement. PIV results on the Fully developed and developing flow in a wavy channel at Re=500, 1000 and 2000 are obtained. For the case Reynolds Number equals 500, the PIV results are compared with the finite difference numerical solution.     

疏浚底泥分离用旋流器的数值模拟与试验研究

提出了一种用于疏浚底泥分离的新型锥形进料体旋流器结构,采用雷诺应力(RSM)湍流模型,应用Fluent软件分别对柱形和锥形进料体旋流器内部的流场进行数值模拟,结论表明锥形进料内流体的轴向速度和切向速度均有所提高,有利于减少短路流,提高分离效率。采用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对锥形进料体旋流器内部流场进行测试并与模拟结果比较。结果表明模拟值与实测值吻合良好,验证了模拟方法的正确性。     

基于有限元的阀组件单级散热模块数值分析

简述了阀组件单级散热模块的外部模型、内部水路的物理模型和电子元件的分布。在理论计算分析的基础上,采用有限元的方法进行数值模拟,从而得到不同流速下的流阻和热阻,分析得到最佳冷却流速。借助有限元流体分析软件,得到了阀组件的温度场和流场,分析结果能够较真实地反映出散热模块的温度分布梯度、内部流场的温度梯度以及压力损失梯度。研究结果不仅为后续多级散热模块串联提供了理论基础,而且对散热器的设计和优化具有一定的指导意义。     

微流道壁面粗糙度影响的电渗流数值模拟

基于微流控动力学理论,应用有限元分析方法求解二维平板粗糙壁面微流道模型内矩形截面双电层场和速度场的耦合控制方程。从数值模拟角度研究不同矩形粗糙元对称分布微流道内的电渗流流动特性,分析了粗糙度对微流体流动的影响机理。结果表明:由于粗糙元的阻力作用,粗糙壁面流道内流体速度减小,引起的压力突变导致壁面附近速度出现波动。随着粗糙元高度、宽度的增加,电渗流流速相应地降低或升高。