正多边形盒零件冲压成形凸缘变形区的应力分布计算

首先给出正多边形盒零件凸缘变形区的应力分布式 ,接着分析了凸缘变形区的应力变化规律 ,并以0Cr18Ni9板材和方盒零件为算例给出了凸缘变形区的应力分布曲线。正多边形盒零件凸缘变形区圆角部分的拉深变形是发生皱曲和破裂之源并向直边部分转移材料 ,使直边部分松弛乃至皱曲。因此 ,对于皱曲通常选择设置压边装置 (压边圈、拉深筋等 )来解决。对于破裂通常选择增大侧壁间圆角半径或多次拉深来解决。正多边形盒零件冲压成形最好采用分区 (分块 )变压边力拉深或分区 (分块 )恒压边力拉深     

斜轧刚塑性有限元模拟中变形历史处理

在有限元分析中解决了斜轧变形区构形问题。为了解决稳态计算斜轧过程变形历史问题 ,提出了轧制复合道次法 ,为刚塑性有限元提供了处理方法。针对二辊斜轧穿孔中变形区复杂的边界条件和椭圆度、辊型、送进角、孔喉、顶头前伸量等与毛管扭转、滑移等关系做了分析。经实验验证其模拟效果与以往的计算方法计算结果有较大改进     

304奥氏体不锈钢拉伸过程的数值模拟

不锈钢板材在拉伸成形过程中应变硬化严重,影响因素复杂,易出现起皱、破裂、粘模等现象。运用有限元软件,对不同拉伸工艺条件下304奥氏体不锈钢圆筒件的拉伸成形过程进行了数值模拟分析。     

Effect of Texture on Deep-Drawing Property of Air-Condition Aluminium 1050H19 Foils

The textures induced by deformation processes of different crafts in air-condition used aluminium 1050H19 foils were measured by using X-ray goniometer. Combining with TEM analysis, effect of texture on deep-drawing property was discussed. It is show that deformation textures in the specimens, on which four types of rolling-crafts are carried out respectively, are all typical Cu components, and recrystallized R-, Cube-texture don‘t exist. Cu-texture is still the predominant component with different orientation density according to different rolling-craft. To specimens which are prone to cracking, their orientation densities of Cu-textures are higher, their textures are stronger and they contain P- and Goss-texture, which are harder to be deformed. The analyses indicat that with the decrease in the rate of reduction/rolling-time and the execution of intermediate holding, textures that are harder to be deformed are eliminated and orientation density of Cu-texture is weakened. Thus, deep-drawing property of aluminium foils is improved.     

Hydromechanical deep-drawing of aluminum parabolic workpieces—experiments and numerical simulation

Aluminum parabolic workpieces were formed with hydromechanical deep-drawing technology. The deep-drawing process was analyzed by using the explicit finite element method with various process parameters. Defects of wrinkling and rupture are predicted for some forming conditions, and the thickness distribution results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Thinning mainly takes place during the first third of the punch travel, while wrinkling mainly takes place during the final half-stage of the punch travel. The effects of chamber pressure and blank holding force on the deformation of the workpieces are discussed. The numerical results are compared with those obtained in the experiments.     

圆锥形零件冲压成形悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区的应力应变计算

本文用主应力法解出了圆锥形零件冲压成形悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区的应力公式,讨论了悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区大端的内皱曲是由悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区中的最大切向压应力引起;而悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区小端的破裂是由悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区中的最大径向拉应力造成。根据体积不变条件,导出了圆锥形零件冲压成形悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区的应变公式,它是拉深应变和胀形应变的复合应变。接着讨论了最大切向压应力和最大径向拉应力在冲压成形过程中的变化规律,最后给出了应力分界圆直径公式和应变分界圆直径公式,得出了满意的结论。     

浅拉伸小曲率汽车覆盖件成形特点及质量控制

浅拉伸小曲率汽车覆盖件的冲压成形与深拉伸覆盖件相比 ,具有不同的变形特点 ,它的主要问题是塑性变形小 ,导致冲压成形后稳定性差 ,刚性不足 ,曲面形状不良等 ,对此 ,进行了变形特点分析 ,采取多方面的措施 ,增加其塑性变形量 ,得到了高质量的冲压件。     

关于焊接应力变形两个问题的进一步探讨

讨论了焊缝是否存在压缩塑性变形问题和拉达伊D应力应变原理图存在的问题。指出刚刚经历熔化—凝固过程的焊缝不存在压缩塑性变形 ,一直承受拉伸塑伸变形。拉伸塑性变形区的范围要比拉达伊D的原理图上给出的大得多 ,对拉达伊D的原理图进行全面修改 ,提出新的焊接热应力应变原理图。在新原理图中 ,三组曲线分别是升温—降温、压缩—拉伸和拉伸弹性—塑性变形的分界线。将等温线所处的温度明确为熔点 ,它包围的区域为熔池。取消弹性卸载区的提法 ,改为弹性变形区。整个焊接板由弹性变形区、压缩塑性变形区、拉伸塑性变形区和熔池组成。     

筒形件拉深CAPP中模糊信息优化技术的应用

分析筒形件极限拉深的影响因素，运用模糊信息优化技术得出了模糊优化的工艺设计方案，使用塑性成形仿真软件模拟工件实例验证方案，用验证结果导筒形件拉深CAPP程序的内核设计。增强了CAPP软件的灵活性和实用性。     

铝铁合金半固态变形的组织演变

对电磁搅拌的铝铁合金在半固态温度条件下用INSTRON-5500R实验机进行单向压缩实验,实验结果表明,铝铁合金在半固态温度变形时,随着变形温度的升高,真应力峰值降低;随着应变速率增加,真应力峰值也增加,随后会发生应变-软化现象。应变速率愈小,软化过程愈长,应力下降愈缓慢。变形试样中心和边缘区域的变形情况不同,中心区域固相颗粒的变形程度大于边缘区域。在不同的变形量、变形温度和变形速率下,其内部固-液两相的流动方式和变形机理不同。固相主要集中在试样的心部发生塑性变形,而液相则流向边部,其组织形貌与变形温度、变形量和变形速率都有直接的关系。     

Crack initiation in relation to the tool edge radius and cutting conditions in nanoscale cutting of silicon

In cutting of brittle materials, experimentally it was observed that there is a ductile–brittle transition when the undeformed chip thickness is increased from smaller to larger than the tool cutting edge radius of the zero rake angle. However, how the crack is initiated in the ductile–brittle mode transition as the undeformed chip thickness is increased from smaller to larger than the tool cutting edge radius has not been fully understood. In this study, the crack initiation in the ductile–brittle mode transition as the undeformed chip thickness is increased from smaller to larger than the tool cutting edge radius has been simulated using the Molecular Dynamics (MD) method on nanoscale cutting of monocrystalline silicon with a non-zero edge radius tool, from which, for the first time, a peak deformation zone in the chip formation zone has been found in the transition from ductile mode to brittle mode cutting. The results show that as the undeformed chip thickness is larger than the cutting edge radius, in the chip formation zone there is a peak deformation depth in association with the connecting point of tool edge arc and the rake face, and there is a crack initiation zone in the undeformed workpiece next to the peak deformation zone, in which the material is tensile stressed and the tensile stress is perpendicular to the direction from the connecting point to the peak. As the undeformed chip thickness is smaller than the cutting edge radius, there is no deformation peak in the chip formation zone, and thus there is no crack initiation zone formed in the undeformed workpiece. This finding explains well the ductile–brittle transition as the undeformed chip thickness increases from smaller to larger than the tool cutting edge radius.     

基于灵敏度分析的板料拉深坯料形状优化方法

采用基于坯料形状变化灵敏度分析的方法 ,利用LS DYNA3D有限元程序计算确定任意形状拉深件成形时坯料的最优形状 ,可经较少的迭代次数取得比较满意的计算结果     

Viscous warm pressure bulging process of AZ31B magnesium alloy with different ellipticity dies

Based on the bulging principle of different ellipticity dies, the methyl vinyl silicone rubber with excellent thermal stability and heat transfer performance was chosen as the viscous medium. The finite element analysis and experiments of viscous warm pressure bulging (VWPB) of AZ31B magnesium alloy were conducted to analyze the influence of different ellipticity dies on the formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy. At the same time, based on the grid strain rule, the forming limit diagram (FLD) of VWPB of AZ31B magnesium alloy was obtained through measuring the strain of bulging specimens. The results showed that at the temperature range of viscous medium thermal stability, the viscous medium can fit the geometry variation of sheet and generate non-uniform pressure field, and as the die ellipticity increases, the difference value of non-uniform pressure reduces. Meanwhile, according to the FLD, the relationship between part complexity and ultimate deformation was investigated.     

A Fundamental Study of Stretch-Drawing Process of Sheet Metals : Single and Double Operations

Fundamental and informative data of axisymmetric stretch-drawing of several sheet metals with thichness of 0.7~1.0 mm are presented especially for single and double operations. Very small radius is applied to the die-profile (or -shoulder) in all operations to induce wall-thinning by the effect of bending-under-tension, from which the name ‘stretch-drawing’ comes. It is clearly demonstrated that deeper cups could be formed by the single and double stretch-drawings from smaller cirlcular blanks due to such wall-thinning action than in the usual deep-drawing of larger blanks. From this fact, it is emphasized that the deep-drawability of a sheet metal is not evaluated simply by the conventional LDR (=limiting drawing ratio), but the depth of the drawn cup should also be taken into account. Many experimental data about various metals and thicknesses given in this paper offer a valueable information on this process for more general use which recommends to replace the conventional deep-drawing process by the stretch-drawing process both for single and double operations. In the single stretch-drawing, it is also confirmed that a deeper cup can be produced by raising the blank-holding force at later stage of operation. Fracturing is found to occur at the middle section of the wall part or at the die-profile other than at the punch profile common in the usual deep-drawing process. Numerical simulation of the single stretch-drawing process is also performed by use of DYNA-3D code to confirm that a satisfactory prediction especially in the depth of the drawn-cup can be done at least in a practical sense, although this kind of numerical analysis is very difficult because of the severity or localization of deformation around the die profile. The drawn cup of SUS304 among others fractures in a couple of weeks after the operation due to the residual circumferential tensile stress, whereas that of SUS304L does not. In the double stretch-drawing, it is confirmed that very deeper cups can be produced when compared to the usual re-drawing process, which assures typically the usefulness of this operation as a practical process. Fracture often takes place circumferentially or, very peculiarly, even in a spiral mode for SUS304 at the middle of the wall part of the cup.     

Effect of coating characteristics on friction and formability of Zn-Fe alloy electroplated sheet steel

The effects of coating composition and coating weight on friction characteristics and formability under different deformation modes, as well as their mechanisms, were studied on zinc-iron electroplated drawing-quality special-killed (DQSK) sheet steels. Friction tests, simulative formability tests, and coating characterization were performed. The experiments revealed that the iron concentration of the coating has a tremendous effect on friction in the deep-drawing operation, but only a slight effect in the stretching operation. Uniaxial tension tests indicated that both coating weight and coating composition affectn-value andr-value. The dependence of friction characteristics,n-value, andr-value on iron concentration is related to the variation of coating hardness caused by the variation of iron concentration in the coating.     

轴盘类锻件的差温无模锻造有限元模拟分析

介绍了差温无模锻造技术在成形轴盘类锻件中的应用,分析了始锻温度、摩擦因数、加热区高度、热应变4个不同参数对坯料最终变形结果的影响。分析结果表明,提高始锻温度和摩擦因数有利于使坯料获得局部较大变形,而加热区高度和热应变对坯料最终变形结果无明显影响。     

Simulation of orientation gradients in a ferrite matrix containing hard martensite under plane-strain flange deformation

The plastic deformation behavior of dual phase (DP) steel under plane-strain flange deformation during a cup deep-drawing process was simulated using a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). The representative volume elements of a simple geometry were used to capture the in-grain orientation gradients of a ferrite matrix containing a hard martensite particle. The divergence of the reorientation rate vector and the stability parameter were used to determine relatively stable, metastable and unstable orientations for the ferrite matrix. The simulation showed that both the formation of the in-grain orientation gradients and the inhomogeneity of the local average misorientation (LAM) distribution were enhanced by the hard martensite particle. The analysis showed that the orientation gradients for the ferrite phase within the DP were simultaneously influenced by both the initial orientation and the martensite. The relative contribution of the two factors was strongly dependent on the stability of the initial orientation under the plane-strain flange deformation.     

轧制工艺对深冲钼带组织和性能的影响

通过轧制温度、轧制方式实验,以及织构和力学性能分析,研究了轧制工艺对液晶显示背光源用的深冲钼带的组织和性能的影响。结果表明：采用低温开坯,然后低温两次交叉轧制,再进行一次交叉轧制的工艺,使钼带在1000℃退火后具有很强的{001}〈011〉板织构和弱的〈111〉丝织构;钼带纵、横向组织几乎完全一致,都为细小均匀、相互搭接的纤维状组织;钼带经过消除应力退火后,纵、横向不仅都具有较高并相近的延伸率,而且强度也相近,杯突值较高。由于强度和硬度适中,各项性能形成了很好的匹配,使钼带各向异性大大减弱,深冲性能良好。     

圆锥形件变压边力拉深工艺的研究

进行了板料的恒压边力和变压边力拉深实验,分析了变压边力拉深工艺对板料拉深性能的影响,得到了不同压边力模式下圆锥形件壁厚的变化规律。结果表明,变压边力拉深工艺能够极大提高板料的极限拉深高度。     

铝钢复合带材异径轧制变形规律的研究

以4A60铝合金和08Al低碳钢为研究对象,利用异径轧机进行异径同速轧制,从厚度变化、硬度分布及金相组织等几个方面对薄铝复层的铝/钢轧制复合变形区的金属流动规律进行了研究分析。结果表明：铝钢轧制复合过程中铝先于钢达到稳定塑性变形,轧制复合过程中变形区可分为铝钢变形未复合区、铝钢变形复合区和钢变形区。当变形量增加到55%时,钢的硬度从约110 HV升高到210 HV,而铝层的硬度变化不大,基本保持在（40±5） HV。4A60铝和08Al钢的临界复合压下量为15%左右,当压下量超过45%时,仅发生钢的变形,而铝的厚度基本保持不变。铝层厚度与总厚度的比值（复合比）由轧前的0.054降低到轧后的0.052,说明轧制复合过程中铝的变形更大。