基于蚁群算法的动目标显示参差码优化设计

提出了一种基于蚁群算法的动目标显示(MTI)参差码优化设计方法。该方法在保证最大参差比不大于允许值和盲速扩展倍数大于第一盲速点对应扩展倍数的前提下,采用蚁群算法搜索最优参差码,使得参差MTI滤波器第一凹口的深度尽可能浅,通带尽可能平坦,因此,在抑制杂波的同时减小了目标损失。MTI参差码设计是一种组合优化问题,蚁群算法非常适合于解决这种问题。设计实例和性能分析验证了该设计方法的可行性和有效性。     

一种新的基于遗传算法的滑动参差MTI滤波器设计

提出一种新的基于遗传算法的滑动参差MTI滤波器优化设计.采用滑动脉冲的方式进行MTI滤波器设计,并利用遗传算法搜索最优参差码,有利于检测陷在滤波器第一零点里的弱目标.同时该滤波器可形成多个凹口以滤去多种杂波,并将盲速推到三倍音速以外.由于采用遗传算法对参差码进行搜索,使运算量大大减少.仿真结果和性能分析验证了算法的可行性和有效性.     

改进型遗传算法的滑动参差MTI滤波器设计

介绍了基于改进型遗传算法的滑动参差MTI滤波器优化设计。采用滑动脉冲的方式进行MTI滤波器设计,利用改进型遗传算法搜索最优参差码,有利于检测陷在滤波器第一零点里的弱目标。同时该滤波器可形成凹口以滤去杂波,并将盲速推到3倍音速以外。由于采用改进型遗传算法对参差码进行搜索,使运算量大大减少。仿真结果和性能分析验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

一种基于优化参差比的改进MTI滤波器

杂波的抑制 ,无论是从抗干扰还是提高雷达系统改善因子来说都是必不可少的。抑制杂波的同时为了避免陷入盲速区的目标损失过大 ,提出了一种基于优化参差比的MTI滤波器 ,该滤波器可在杂波谱中心形成随杂波散射元均方根速度展宽的凹口以抑制杂波 ,并利用参差脉冲将盲速推到三倍音速以外 ,而且通过最优参差码的选择使第一零点尽可能的浅 ,从而防止陷入凹口的弱目标丢失 ,最后通过对搜索最优参差比的简化 ,使运算量至少减少一半。仿真结果和性能分析验证了该算法的可行性和有效性     

基于遗传退火算法的MTI 滤波器设计方法

动目标显示(MTI)是雷达杂波抑制的重要技术之一,MTI 滤波器系数和脉冲参差比设计对MTI 的抗杂波性能至关重要。遗传退火算法将模拟退火算法过程溶入遗传算法,同时克服了遗传算法容易陷入局部最优和模拟退火算法收敛速度慢的缺点。文中介绍了一种将遗传退火算法应用于MTI 滤波器的设计方法,该方法可找到最优MTI 滤波器。实验结果表明,针对给定的MTI 滤波器设计要求,该方法能快速完成优化遍历,优化后滤波器性能提升明显。     

多杂波背景下用于低速弱目标检测的滤波器优化设计

该文提出了一种用于多杂波背景下的低速弱目标检测的脉间参差滤波器优化设计,该算法采用脉间滑动脉冲的方式进行参差MTI滤波器设计,并利用与梯度结合的遗传算法搜索最优的脉冲重复周期排布组合,使滤波器第一零点尽可能浅,可在有效抑制杂波和同频干扰的同时避免陷入其中的弱目标丢失,同时该滤波器可形成多个凹口以滤去多种杂波,并将盲速推到三倍音速以外。采用梯度遗传算法对脉冲重复周期进行搜索,由于该算法所需初始种群规模小,与标准遗传算法相比复杂度大大降低。仿真结果和性能分析验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

一种基于梯度免疫算法的参差MTI滤波器设计

为了解决动目标检测过程中的盲速问题,通常采用参差周期法设计参差滤波器组来达到同时抑制杂波和推远盲速的效果。提出了一种基于梯度免疫算法的参差MTI滤波器优化设计。该算法利用免疫算法搜索最优参差码,有效地避免了传统遗传算法中的早熟问题。针对传统的遗传算法运算量较大的问题,引入了梯度算子缩小初始种群规模,使运算量大大减少。仿真结果验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

信号处理硬件平台及参差MTI工程实现

结合某雷达信号处理系统硬件平台,介绍了雷达信号处理硬件平台的结构和组成, 以及算法实现方案,给出了参差 MTI 中的 AMTI 滤波器在单杂波和多杂波情况下,实现对杂波抑制的方法,并重点介绍了系统中通讯控制器的软件设计及功能实现,最后通过硬件的平台搭建和硬件程序的调试,实现了参差 MTI 中的 AMTI 滤波器对单杂波和多杂波的抑制功能。     

自适应杂波抑制技术在雷达中的应用

动目标显示(MTI)技术是雷达在杂波环境中发现运动目标的有效手段。首先讨论了雷达信号处理中常用的自适应动目标显示技术,即在多杂波环境下的自适应杂波抑制技术。然后针对雷达杂波抑制中常用的级联MTI滤波器,提出了一种新的设计方法,即采用时变加权原理,通过对动杂波速度估值,实现对运动杂波抑制滤波器权值的优化。最后给出了这2种杂波抑制级联型MTI的工程实现。     

采用自适应杂波白化滤波器和多卜勒滤波器组的雷达杂波抑制算法的性能

本文描述了一种采用自适应杂波白化滤波器(WF)和多卜勒滤波器组(DFB)的雷达杂波抑制算法。如与由动目标显示(MTI)和多卜勒滤波器组(DFB)级联所组成的常规的非自适应杂波抑制算法相比较,其性能得到了改善。     

Complete characterization of transmission losses in generalizednonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguide

In this paper, transmission losses of the generalized nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguide are modeled and presented by our closed-form equations for the design of hybrid and monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuits. This generalized structure includes our recently proposed channelized NRD-guide. Parametric effects are studied with respect to complex propagation constant and characteristic impedance, and some useful guidelines are generated for practical design considerations. Calculated results are discussed separately for the conductor and dielectric losses for the two fundamental longitudinal section electric (LSE) and longitudinal section magnetic (LSM) modes. It is found that the LSE mode may have losses, in some cases, comparable or even smaller than those of its LSM counterpart, contradicting what has usually been perceived for the conventional NRD-guide design     

Steady State Responses of NRD-Guide Crossbar Balanced Mixer in MM-Wave Band

The periodic and quasi-periodic steady states of the nonradiative dielectric waveguide (NRD-guide) crossbar single-balanced mixer excited by single tone or dual tones in mm-wave band are deeply researched in the paper. Based on the wideband dispersion characteristics, the mode self-contained property and the modes orthogonality and a series of modes excitation criterions of the NRD-guide, a novel mixer is designed and analyzed. Two important parameters, the local oscillator and incident wave inductive electromotive forces corresponding to the LSE/LSM mode-converter and LSM-mode probe respectively, are calculated firstly by using the wire-antenna theory and the moment method. According to the theorem of band-pass signal sampling, a kind of integrated and general quasi-periodical steady-state responses algorithm for the nonlinear microwave/mm-wave circuits excited by multiple tones, the inter-modulation balance method based on the multi-dimension discrete Fourier transformation (MDFT-IMB), is designed and then successfully applied to calculate the performances of the above NRD-guide mixer.     

Analysis and Measurements of Nonradiative Dielectric Waveguide Bends

The coupling theory is applied to analyze loss characteristics of the NRD-guide bends. Besides the operating LSM/sub 01/ mode, the parasitic LSE/sub 01/ mode is generated at bends as a result of the mode conversion. A rigorous expression for the coupling coefficient between these two modes is derived and then employed in the two-mode coupling equations to be solved for the bending loss analysis. Design diagrams, which are useful for optimizing the strip width against a given curvature radius to build a Iossless bend, are constructed for 90 and 180° NRD-guide bends. It is shown that the field profile at a bend always shifts inwards. This confirms the previous experimental prediction. It is found that the periodic spikes on the loss versus frequency curve of a bend, which have been observed before, can be interpreted as being caused by resonances of the parasitic mode between the transition horns fixed at both ends of the bend, and that the true bending loss itself is normally restricted within a reasonable level. As an application of the present theory, a Iossless 180° bend with a curvature radius of 5 mm was fabricated with polystyrene and tested at 50 GHz. The measured bending loss was less than 0.3 dB.     

A new type NRD-guide receiving front-end in Ka-band

A new type millimeter-wave receiving frond-end using NRD-guide as internal transmission line is presented in this paper. The receiving frond-end consists of a NRD-guide crossbar balanced mixer, a NRD-guide LSE mode local oscillator and two impedance-converters at two input ports of the mixer circuit. Firstly, the propagation characteristics of some transmission modes often used in NRD-guide are given, and the conditions which these modes are applied as the operating modes are discussed. Secondly, the principle of the balanced mixed which is regarded as the key circuit unit in the receiving frond-end is analysed by using vector Green's function, and the conversion loss of the mixer is computed with an equivalent circuit in Ka-band. And then, from the view of obtaining the optimum performances of the whole receiving frond-end, some methods of designing local oscillator are expound. Some experimental results of the receiving frond-end at Kaband are given in the paper lastly. Because the frond-end have the impedance matching and converting circuits, it possesses better electrical performance. The integrated frond-end which have compact size and excellent shock strength is suitable for varied millimeter-wave system.     

Discontinuity of NRD-Guide and Its Application in Millimeter Wave Circuits

In this paper, the performances of two typical discontinuous structures of the NRD-guide, the traverse metallic rod to disturb an incident wave and the traverse probe to excite required modes, are analyzed and computed by utilizing the theory of modes orthogonality of the NRD-guide. The moment method is used to evaluate the current distribution on the rod and probe and the affection of some higher-order modes is taken into account simultaneously. On these bases, the multitone exciting steady states of two kinds of important circuits that employ the above discontinuous structures, the NRD-guide crossbar balanced mixer and the LSM ₁₁ ⁰ -mode oscillator, are simulated by the harmonic balance technique based on the multi-dimensional discrete Fourier transformation (MDFT-HB method).     

Hybrid planar NRD-guide magic-tee junction

A new magic-tee circuit is proposed and developed, which is based on the hybrid integration technology of a planar and nonradiative dielectric (NRD) guide. The magic-tee junction combines an NRD-guide T-junction with a microstrip T-junction. Furthermore, LSM/sub 10/-mode radiators are introduced in the magic-tee circuit to reduce its resonance problem. Measured results show that an isolation of 20 dB can easily be achieved between the sum and difference ports.     

A generalized surface-volume integral-equation (SVIE) approach for analysis of hybrid planar/NRD-guide integrated circuits

A generalized surface-volume integral-equation approach (SVIE) has been proposed and developed for accurate modeling and analysis of hybrid planar/nonradiating dielectric (NRD)-guide integrated circuits. On the basis of vertical modes in basis functions for NRD-guide circuits, vertical integration in space-domain is carried out analytically and a set of first-order Green's functions is constructed. Then, the solution of the volume integral-equation concerning with the NRD-guide circuits has been reduced to a two-dimensional planar problem in connection with each vertical mode. In this way, only the diagonal submatrices need to be calculated due to the orthogonal property of different vertical modes. A reduced calculation region technique is used for handling higher order vertical modes in which the fields are confined in the slot areas and their vicinities. The method was applied to a class of different hybrid structures. The results are in good agreement with measured results or the results obtained with other methods.     

A Novel UWB Antenna with Small Side-Leakage

A successful design for a UWB (ultra-wideband antennas) antenna based on NRD-guide (nonradiative dielectric waveguide) with small side-leakage is presented. The rule of the theoretical selection of its parameters, if NRD-guide is used as the UWB antennas, is studied firstly, then the temporal propagation characteristics of the NRD-guide and the radiation characteristics for an tapered open-ended NRD-guide are calculated by FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) method.     

Recent development in NRD-guide technology

Recent achievements in the field of the NRD-guide integrated circuits and antennas are reviewed. The main emphasis is placed on a new class of planar antennas which employ a leaky NRD-guide as the feed medium and can be contained in a common housing together with the NRD-guide integrated circuits.     

Analysis of inhomogeneously dielectric filled cavities coupled to dielectric-loaded waveguides: application to the study of NRD-guide components

In this paper, we present two contributions. First, we develop a computationally efficient technique for the full-wave characterization of inhomogeneously dielectric-filled cavities connected to inhomogeneously dielectric-loaded waveguides. This method is based on the expansion of the electromagnetic field within the cavity in terms of their solenoidal and irrotational modes. The presented formulation allows the treatment of hybrid modes in the waveguide ports, where the definition of a characteristic modal impedance or admittance is not possible. The multimode scattering matrix of the structure is computed throughout an efficient implementation of the orthonormal-basis method for the calculation of the cavity modes. Secondly, we have employed the present technique for the analysis and design of nonradiative dielectric (NRD) guide components and discontinuities. Moreover, the application of the bi-orthonormal-basis method for the calculation of the full-spectrum of NRD guides is demonstrated as being a very efficient approach for the rigorous treatment of such guides. Next, an efficient computer-aided design tool has been developed for the analysis of complex NRD-guide circuits. We have compared our simulations with theoretical and experimental results available in the technical literature, fully validating our software. This code has been employed for the specific analysis of a linear continuous taper to match two NRD guides with different widths, demonstrating a considerable reduction of the return losses over a wide frequency band. Finally, stopband and bandpass NRD-guide filters based on an electromagnetic-bandgap concept are presented.