齐齐哈尔铁路货车集团"并行工程"设计与实践

介绍了齐齐哈尔铁路货车集团“并行工程”系统的总体设计,齐车公司从组织上,建立了多学科产品开发团队,从技术角度,利用网络,数据库,数字化产品建模工具进行协作开发;利用过程建模与优化,项目的协调与管理,改进产品开发过程,从而大大提高了产品开发能力。     

CAD／CAP褡行集成系统的开发与研究

重点阐述了ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ并行集成中的几个重要问题：面向并行工程的特征建模，企业制造环境建模，面向并行工程的ＣＡＰＰ子系统其中的关键技术，并实现了ＹＤＣＡＤＰ系统。     

三维并行工程组织模块化产品开发

本文介绍了三维并行工程的概念与涵义，提出运用三维并行工程组织模块化产品开发的新方法，分为模块化设计、模块化制造、模块化定制与使用等。通过三维并行工程方法管理产品开发可以协调模块化设计、制造与使用之间的冲突。模块化策略部署矩阵、模块团队与交叉功能团队是实施模块化产品开发的有效方法。     

并行工程在企业产品开发过程中的应用

沈阳机床股份有限公司与美国ＥＤＳ公司共同合作对产品开发过程进行了管理咨询，经评诂、展望、设计、试点和铺开等阶段弛产品开发过程。根据在企业试点、铺开过程中取得的经验，并结合我国机械制造业的产品开发现状，对产品开发过程中应用并行工程主要方法和将要出现的问题及解决办法进行描述和分析。     

并行工程中的产品开发过程规划方法研究

从产品开发各过程单元之间的依赖关节出发，详细研究了识别产品开发中的耦合过程集合的有效方法。提出了以耦合过程集合识别为基础的产品开发过程规划策略，为并行工程的实施提供了基础。     

基于过程并行的产品开发模式应用研究

在研究现有并行工程理论基础上，提出了过程并行理论，主张在某些产品开发进程中，基于一定机制的约束，把产品开发中前，后阶段工作尽可能同是进行，从而最大限度地缩短产品开发周期。给出了进程并行的图示表达模型，并通过引入“阀”的概念研究了启动后阶段工作的条件与时机。提出了支持过程并行的产品开发环境体系结构。     

产品开发过程的并行机理及应用研究

对产品开发过程的并行机进行了讨论,系统地阐述了并行工程的４种特征,并进行了定性和定量分析,为实施并行工程提供了理论依据。在此基础上,设计并开发了并行设计系统。     

建筑工程并行设计研究

介绍了并行工程的定义和特点；针对并行工程对建筑产品开发过程的要求，构建了建筑工程并行设计实施的集成框架，包括并行设计集成的内容、集成的功能及以三域划分的总体结构；论述了建筑工程并行设计实施的特点；构建了基于共享数据库的各专业设计层次的关系。     

并行工程应用验证演示会在京举行

1997年4月28日,航天工业总公司第二研究院（以下简称二院）和863／CIMS并行工程重大攻关项目组在二院联合举办了"并行工程应用验证演示会"。这次演示会的主要目的是在二院的真实设计与制造环境中,以某复杂部件为对象,验证集成产品开发团队以数字化产品主模型为基础,用改进的开发过程进行并行产品开发的基本模式。参加这次演示会6t有20余家单位共150余人。清华大学熊光秽教授在演示会上首先分析了并行工程的产生背景及对于我国制造业的重要性。然后向与会代表介绍了"并行工程"项目的进展。熊教授特别强调了这次演示会与元月7日在清华大…     

并行工程在航空新产品开发中的应用

运用并行工程思想和系统化方法,结合金江公司的实践,借鉴国内外先进管理方法,发展了应用并行工程的产品开发管理新模式,综合运用了并行工程的概念以及实施并行工程的核心方法与关键技术。对典型问题配比分析的结果表明,应用并行工程能够提高工作效率,有效地缩短产品研发周期,降低研究成本。     

Management of Concurrent Engineering: Organizational Concepts and a Framework of Analysis

ABSTRACT

This article examines the concept of concurrent engineering and presents a framework for evaluating its management. The key organizational concepts for managing new product development are first analyzed from a historical perspective. The concurrent engineering approach to new product development is then contrasted with both the traditional sequential and the more recent overlapping problem-solving approaches. Finally, a model for managing current engineering is presented. The model consists of five critical components that may be used by engineering managers for guiding the implementation of their concurrent engineering efforts.     

A Conceptual Framework for Increasing Innovation through Improved Selection of Specialized Professionals

Engineering managers involved in product development and manufacturing are responsible for proposing and developing ideas and concepts that will benefit new or existing products and processes. Improved methods are required to identify, prioritize, and integrate the opinions, ideas, and concepts proposed by specialized professionals (SP) or subject matter experts into their existing product development and process improvement. Identifying the optimal SPs and utilizing these for concept generation efforts can lead engineering management working in the new product/technology development space toward an improved idea/concept generation, increased innovation, and ultimately, superior products and processes. Methods for locating, assessing, and ranking SPs vary with every organization, but in general, systematic methods and processes are not considered, which results in the reliance on internal or limited external experts. This study aims to directly impact the engineering managers by bridging the gap between the traditional business management and core engineering management for providing guidance and improving the way in which the practicing engineering managers deal with new product development and management of technology. This experimental study is derived using a real-world engineering problem, which is faced in the field of engineering management, and the results support the implementation of a conceptual SP-focused framework that provides an increased quality of the concept generation outputs, improved preparation for future product development stages, and reduced costs.     

Knowledge elicitation for risk mapping in concurrent engineering projects

Concurrent Engineering aims to incorporate the overlapping of processes in order to reduce its time-to-market and thereby sustain the existence of organizations in increasingly competitive times. Although faster product design, development, and delivery are the intended outcomes of concurrent engineering, one of the undesirable by-products is an increase in risks as a consequence of uncertainties between interdependent processes. Hence, the risks need to be identified, assessed, and mitigated together with concurrent engineering considerations for the elimination of the ‘domino-effect’ within risk management. This paper concentrates primarily on knowledge elicitation techniques that were used to provide information to the Intelligent Risk Mapping and Assessment System (IRMAS?) to identify, prioritise, analyse, and assist project managers to manage perceived sources of CE risks. Techniques such as expert interviews, brainstorming, the Delphi technique, and the analogy process are discussed in relation to compiling the knowledge used for this expert system. A total of 589 risk items were identified for different project types, and information on 4372 items and 136 lessons learned were collected from experts at HdH. The core of the research is a reasoning methodology used for Knowledge Elicitation of a Risk Mapping and Assessment System which will not only support the decision-making process of the user but also aid the knowledge retrieval, storage, sharing, and updating process of manufacturing organizations. This research provides a systematic engineering approach to risk management of concurrent product and process development.     

并行工程环境下成形铸件制造工艺CAD／CAE系统

并行工程在发展中提出了合理产品设计／工艺设计新概念，在此基础上我们研究开发了一个以传热，热流及应力模拟为核心的铸件制造工艺ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＥ集成系统，系统既可独立运行，又可与并行环境下的产品集成起来，达到同时优化产品设计及工艺设计的目的。目前该系统在多家工厂得到应用，并逐步商品化。     

复杂系统（产品）集成制造工程的技术研究与应用

基于现代集成制造的理念、方法、技术、工具,结合实践,提出并研究了一种能改善复杂产品研发时间（T）、质量（Q）、成本（C）、服务（S）的系统工程——称为“复杂系统（产品）集成制造工程”（简称COSIME）。阐述了它的内涵、系统框架和技术体系,并给出了其中具有特点的6类关键技术的阶段研究成果,包括基于人制管理及有关先进制造模式的复杂产品集成制造系统的经营管理模式;基于项目管理理念的异地企业间并行工程方法与技术;复杂产品虚拟样机工程方法与技术;基于分布仿真技术的复杂产品概念设计与性能评估系统;复杂产品质量控制与     

A distributed multi-agent environment for product design and manufacturing planning

This paper describes a multi-agent approach to the integration of product design, manufacturability analysis, and process planning in a distributed manner. The objective is to develop a distributed concurrent engineering system to allow geographically dispersed entities to work cooperatively towards overall system goals. In the paper, an agent-based concurrent engineering system concerning product design and manufacturing planning, and its fundamental framework and functions are presented. The proposed model considers constraints and requirements from the different product development cycles in the early development phases and fully supports the concept of design-for-manufacturability. This methodology uses conflict resolution (CR) techniques and design-improvement suggestions to refine the initial product design. The model comprises a facilitator agent, a console agent and six service agents. Each service agent is used to model different product development phases, and the console agent acts as an interacting interface between designers and the system, while the facilitator is responsible for the decomposition and dispatch of tasks, and resolving conflicts of poor designs. A prototype system for part design, manufacturability analysis, and process planning has been implemented. The performance of the prototype system shows that it could be extended to include other service agents, such as assemblability analysis, to become a comprehensive distributed concurrent engineering system for geographically dispersed customers and suppliers.     

Project Management and Coordination of Distributed Cooperative Product Design in a Virtual Enterprise

The architecture of project management of distributed concurrent product design in a virtual enterprise is put forward. The process of project management and its functions are presented. Product design process coordination is also discussed. First, based on the analysis of traditional project management, project management and coordination of distributed cooperative product design in the virtual enterprise is put forward. Then, aiming at the characteristics of a distributed concurrent product design process, the inherent rules and complex interrelations in product development are studied. Accordingly, the architecture of project management of distributed cooperative product design in a virtual enterprise is presented to adapt to distributed concurrent development of complex products. The main advantages of the architecture are also discussed. Finally, the emphasis is placed on the project management process. Its main functions are set forth, such as projectdefinition, task decomposition and distribution, resource cortstraints and dynamic resource scheduling, process fusion, task scheduling and monitoring, project plan, cost and quality evaluation, etc.     

虚拟现实技术在产品改良设计中的应用

通过对在并行工程管理模式下的产品改良设计流程的分析和对虚拟现实技术的特征及虚拟现实系统的分析,可以将虚拟现实技术引入到以并行工程为管理模式的产品改良设计开发的整个流程中,使产品生产周期得到缩短,从而提高产品质量,降低生产成本.     

The use of best design practices: An analysis of US navy contractors

Rapid and successful introduction of new products is a potentially significant source of competitive advantage for manufacturing firms. Organizations need to identify and manage those critical elements of the product development process (PDP) that have a positive influence on new product success. This research identifies the distinctive product development and design practices, policies and tools currently followed by companies (Navy contractors) that participated in an empirical research study known as the Best Manufacturing Practices Program. A summary of practices reported in the case studies is compiled using content analysis techniques, and the most interesting practices by individual companies are highlighted. We find numerous examples of sophisticated CAD techniques being used to enhance the development process, including expert system design advisers, computer simulation, and design databases. Companies are emphasizing the design policies of concurrent engineering and teamwork, and documenting design process knowledge into design manuals. Company effort still appear focused primarily on the phase of detailed design rather than the concept selection phase.