Effect of Active Mineral Filler on Rutting Performance and Fatigue Properties of Granite Asphalt Concrete

Granite is well known as an acid aggregate. An active mineral filler produced in the laboratory is first used as an anti-stripping filler in the granite asphalt concrete. Four aggregate gradations were chosen in this study,and the effects of the active mineral filler and aggregates on the rutting resistance performance and fatigue properties of granite asphalt concrete were investigated by means of rutting test and four-point bending fatigue test. The results indicate that the dynamic stability of granite asphalt concrete increase significantly with the addition of active mineral filler and the fatigue properties can also be improved especially at lower strain level. Meanwhile,the results demonstrate that granite asphalt concrete has better rutting resistance performance and fatigue properties than limestone asphalt concrete.     

钨酸锆填料与沥青的粘附与水损害特性

为分析亲水性钨酸锆材料作为沥青混合料填料的合理性,基于表面能和粘附功理论,对不同填料和沥青的表面能参数及粘附功进行测试和计算,通过设计水侵蚀试验,研究不同填料组成的沥青胶浆在水损害条件下的自由能和拉拔强度变化规律.试验结果表明:钨酸锆填料具有更大的Lewis碱和范德华表面能分量,基质沥青则具备比SBS改性沥青更大的Lewis酸碱和范德华表面能分量;在干燥状态下,钨酸锆替代矿粉作为填料,可提高其与沥青的粘附功,进而提高沥青胶浆拉拔强度;在有水侵蚀下,钨酸锆沥青胶浆具有更大的表面自由能变化,水更倾向于取代基质沥青与钨酸锆浸润.钨酸锆沥青胶浆比矿粉胶浆具有稍差的耐水损害能力.     

Cement-fly ash stabilization of cold in-place recycled (CIR) asphalt pavement mixtures for road bases or subbases

For lack of laboratory and field performance data on stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate and stabilized soil (S) for road bases and subbases construction, the influences of RAP/S ratio, cement and fly ash content, modifying agent (MA) on the compact, unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and water stability of the CIR mixtures were investigated. The experimental results showed that the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content of the mixture changed significantly with the RAP/S ratio and cement-fly ash content. Unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and water stability were improved significantly by the addition of MA, and the water stability was improved by nearly 20% on average. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images indicated that MA accelerated the hydration of cement-fly ash system. Needle-like AFt and fibrous C-S-H gel were observed in the mixtures, which resulted in the cementation effect among the CIR mixture particles and a more compact microstructure. All these could be the cause of high strength of the CIR mixtures with MA.     

Rheological properties and moisture susceptibility of WMA mixture containing moist agregate

The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the rheological and moisture susceptibility of the WMA mixtures containing moist aggregates. The experimental design included the utilizations of two aggregate sources, two moisture, two anti-stripping additives, and three WMA additives and control. Several properties of the binders and mixtures were obtained including: viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer, beam bending rheometer of WMA binders, indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio (TSR), and flow values. The experimental results indicate that the WMA additives can result in a slight decrease in viscosity and an increase in failure temperature. In addition, the moisture susceptibility results illustrated that the mixtures containing moist aggregates generally have similar ITS values to other mixtures regardless of HMA or WMA types. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the wet ITS values of WMA mixture amongst four types of mixtures under identical conditions (same moisture and lime contents) except for the mixtures containing liquid anti-stripping additive and Asphamin additive.     

花岗岩矿料与沥青交互作用能力的研究

为了找出影响花岗岩沥青混合料水稳定性的主要因素,使花岗岩大规模应用于沥青路面,本文采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR),对不同花岗岩石粉、不同粉胶比条件下的沥青胶浆进行流变性能的研究,以此分析不同花岗岩与沥青交互作用能力.研究发现不同沥青与石粉产生的交互作用能力有所不同.因此,应用花岗岩时在材料选择方面应该注意与花岗岩的"配伍性"问题.通过冻融劈裂试验检验沥青混合料水稳定性与沥青和石粉交互作用能力之间的关系,发现花岗岩沥青胶浆的流变学性质与花岗岩沥青混合料水稳定性之间存在良好的对应关系.     

硫磺改性沥青混合料基本性能的研究

为考察硫磺改性沥青混合料的路用性能,选取AC-13和AC-20两种混合料类型、4种不同的硫磺掺量（硫磺占硫磺改性沥青胶结料的质量百分比分别为0%、30%、35%、40%）作为对比,采用浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验、汉堡车辙试验测试了其水稳定性能,采用车辙试验、三点小梁弯曲试验和Overlay Tester试验分别测试了其高温性能、低温性能与疲劳性能,采用动态模量试验获得了其力学参数. 结果表明: 添加质量分数为30%硫磺后,AC-13和AC-20沥青混合料动稳定度分别提高了18%和26%,疲劳开裂性能有所提高, 低温性能没有明显改变. 添加不同质量分数的硫磺,沥青混合料的水稳定性能明显降低,其中AC-13沥青混合料在添加40%硫磺时冻融劈裂强度比下降达22%. 动态模量测试表明硫磺改性沥青混合料与普通沥青混合料动态模量变化趋势相同,但-10 ℃~54 ℃温度区间较普通沥青混合料动态模量要高.     

Waste Materials to Replace Natural Resources

A number of waste materials were studied on their application into asphalt mixtures. Materials tested were plastic waste as (soft) granular material,ceramic waste from electrical insulators,foundry sand and sintered granulate from burned household waste. Both plastic waste,crushed ceramics and large fractions of sintered household waste could be used as partial replacement for coarse aggregates. Foundry sand could partially replace natural sand in asphalt mixtures. The first step of the study was to find out if the waste materials could satisfy basic requirements and for some if their leaching behavior was acceptable. In the next phase mixtures were designed and mechanical tests were done on several mixtures with waste components to determine indirect tensile strength,stiffness,fatigue. In order to estimate the water sensitivity of some mixtures,retained indirect tension tests were done. The properties are reported and compared with each other and reference mixtures. From the research it becomes clear that it takes a lot of work to replace virgin materials in asphalt mixtures with waste materials.     

冻融循环对泡沫沥青再生混合料微观结构的影响

为了探究泡沫沥青冷再生混合料抗水损害能力的衰变情况,选取6种不同级配泡沫沥青冷再生混合料,采用劈裂强度试验及电子断层扫描试验,系统研究了不同冻融循环次数下混合料强度衰减特性、空隙级配及最可几孔径的变化规律.结果表明:随着冻融循环的增加,冷再生混合料的强度明显减小,微空隙显著减小,大空隙显著增加,空隙数目的变化直接影响到混合料的强度.电子断层扫描试验及劈裂强度试验结果表明:在总空隙率相同的条件下,微空隙越多混合料强度越高;大空隙越多混合料强度越低.以此为基础提出再生混合料内部空隙的3种分类:无害孔、少害孔及有害孔.前2次冻融循环对冷再生混合料最可几孔径影响最大.在相同的冻融次数下初始空隙率越大泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的最可几孔径越大.     

低温下沥青混凝土的拉伸变形特性

将数字图像测量系统替代传统的位移传感器采集系统应用于间接拉伸试验,得到沥青混凝土细观结构上的位移场分布和破坏形态。分析了粗骨料和细骨料结构沥青混凝土的低温抗裂性能,并研究了不同状态下材料的轴向、径向和体积应变特性以及泊松比的变化。数据分析表明:材料的弹性压缩和剪切膨胀与荷载作用历史紧密相连,反映了材料的结构性变形过程;沥青混凝土的低温开裂更多地依靠粒料与沥青结合料的界面黏聚力,良好的骨架结构是材料抵抗拉伸变形的前提。     

基于强度特性的沥青混合料设计参数

为了改善沿海含盐高湿环境下沥青路面的水稳定性,首先,分析间接拉伸强度( ITS)用于沥青混合料沥青用量设计的可行性;然后,在不同条件下进行间接拉伸试验,分析温度、加载速率和沥青用量对ITS的影响;最后,对不同条件下混合料的ITS与冻融劈裂试验结果的相关性进行分析。研究结果表明：沥青混合料的ITS随试验温度的升高逐渐减小,随加载速率的增加逐渐增大,随沥青用量的增多先增大后减小,并在区间内某一用量下达到峰值;在温度40℃、加载速率5 mm/min的条件下,混合料的ITS与冻融劈裂强度比( TSR)的相关性最高,可以利用该条件下的ITS作为沿海地区混合料最佳沥青用量设计的力学参数。     

沥青集料混合料水敏感性的评价

通过水煮法、静态水浸法、光电比色法和净吸附法来研究不同类型沥青和集料之间的粘附性，用残留马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂实验研究由不同类型沥青和集料组成的沥青混合料的水稳定性，同时分析了各种不同方法之间的相关性。结果表明，不同性质集料对沥青混合料的水稳定性影响显著，但不能忽视沥青对混合料水稳定性的作用，残留马歇尔试验和净吸附法试验与冻融劈裂实验有着很好的线性相关关系，对于沥青与集料之间粘附性可采用净吸附法试验来评价。对于沥青混合料的水敏感性可采用残留马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂实验来评价。     

乳化沥青冷再生混合料中的复合胶浆性质

对乳化沥青冷再生混合料中的三种胶浆系统进行了研究,包括沥青+矿粉、乳化沥青残留物+矿粉和乳化沥青残留物+水泥。结果表明,因为水泥水化作用的存在,水泥⁃乳化沥青残留物胶浆表现出更高的模量增率效果;模量和相位角变化呈现与普通矿粉⁃沥青胶浆和矿粉⁃乳化沥青胶浆不同的特点,且不随粉胶比呈现线性单调的变化;胶浆界面黏结力与矿粉⁃沥青胶浆相当,并在低粉胶比范围内远高于单独利用矿粉的乳化沥青残留物胶浆。     

The influence of material related parameters on the mechanical properties of foamed asphalt mix

By indirect tensile strength （ITS） test and unconfined compressive strength （UCS） test, the influence of various material related parameters, including asphalt foamability, aggregate temperature, mixing moisture content （MMC） and foamed asphalt （FA） content, on the mechanical properties of FA mixes was studied. The results indicated that both asphalt foamability and aggregate temperature greatly affected ITS of FA mixes. Too low aggregate temperature was unfavorable for mechanical properties of FA mixes. Foamed index alone was unfit for the evaluation of asphalt foamability. Compared with half-life, expansion ratio had more prominent influence on ITS of FA mixes. MMC had significant impact on the mechanical properties of FA mixes and should be optimized by trial and test in FA mix design. The mechanical properties of FA mix were sensitive to the change of FA content. Compared with the ITS determined with standard Marshall specimens, both the ITS and UCS determined with static compressed specimens by 15 cm diameter were more effective in terms of choosing the optimal asphalt content for FA mixes.     

纤维类型对排水性沥青混合料性能的影响

通过析漏、飞散、体积性能、车辙、冻融劈裂等试验，研究了聚酯和木质素2种纤维对排水性沥青混合料性能的影响。基于摩尔．库仑定理，采用无侧限抗压和间接抗拉强度对混合料的内聚力和内摩擦角进行计算，并通过CF图像对该混合料骨架进行观测。研究结果表明：在排水性沥青混合料中，纤维主要起稳定沥青，增加沥青膜厚的作用，而对混合料的增强作用不显著。相对聚酯纤维而言，木质素纤维更适用于排水性沥青混合料。     

硅烷偶联剂对复合沥青混合料路用性能的影响

针对胶浆与集料界面粘附对沥青混合料性能的影响,采用“三步”成型工艺制备复合沥青混合料试件,研究了KH-550硅烷偶联剂对其路用性能的影响,并借助IR和SEM等微观设备,分析了硅烷偶联剂在复合沥青混合料中的偶联机理。结果表明,随硅烷偶联剂用量增加,复合沥青混合料在7d和28d龄期的路用性能先提高后降低,当用量为乳化沥青质量分数的0．6％时,混合料冻融劈裂强度比、马歇尔稳定度和抗压回弹模量等路用性能提高了10％～30％。硅烷偶联剂改性后的花岗岩集料引入了偶联剂分子结构的Si-O键,在胶浆与集料界面有Si-O-Si键的生成;掺加偶联剂后的水泥乳化沥青胶浆表面变得凹凸不平,结构致密性提高;水泥乳化沥青胶浆能够较好地粘附于花岗岩集料表面,胶浆与集料界面结构得到改善。     

Discrete element modeling of asphalt concrete cracking using a user-defined three-dimensional micromechanical approach

We established a user-defined micromechanical model using discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the cracking behavior of asphalt concrete (AC). Using the “Fish” language provided in the particle flow code in 3-Demensions (PFC3D), the air voids and mastics in asphalt concrete were realistically built as two distinct phases. With the irregular shape of individual aggregate particles modeled using a clump of spheres of different sizes, the three-dimensional (3D) discrete element model was able to account for aggregate gradation and fraction. Laboratory uniaxial complex modulus test and indirect tensile strength test were performed to obtain input material parameters for the numerical simulation. A set of the indirect tensile test were simulated to study the cracking behavior of AC at two levels of temperature, i e, −10 °C and 15 °C. The predicted results of the numerical simulation were compared with laboratory experimental measurements. Results show that the 3D DEM model is able to predict accurately the fracture pattern of different asphalt mixtures. Based on the DEM model, the effects of air void content and aggregate volumetric fraction on the cracking behavior of asphalt concrete were evaluated.     

含基层缺陷沥青路面不同面层材料抗疲劳特性机理分析

目的为探讨面层沥青混合料在含有基层缺陷结构体系中的疲劳开裂演化机理,进行了抗疲劳特性的试验研究和理论分析.方法应用连续介质弹性疲劳损伤力学的基本原理,提出适合描述沥青混合料疲劳损伤开裂的演化方程,结合室内间接张拉疲劳试验,回归确定了疲劳损伤模型的计算参数,并采用有限元的计算方法,客观地评价了3种沥青混合料面层(AC20、SBR-AC20、RM-AC20)在含基层缺陷的路面结构中的抗疲劳特性.结果3种材料虽然呈现相同的疲劳损伤演化趋势,但由于各自材料抗疲劳特性参数的不同使其具有不同的抗疲劳特性,橡胶粉沥青混合料面层表现了最高的抗疲劳寿命.结论疲劳损伤力学的计算方法能够从机理揭示沥青路面结构的疲劳损伤演化的全过程,突破了以往传统疲劳强度理论和疲劳断裂力学相分离的状态;橡胶改性沥青混合料具有优良的抗疲劳特性加之具有节约能源的特点,值得推广使用.     

Relationship between retrographical and physical properties of aggregates

The relationship between petrographical and physical properties of limestone, basalt, granite and gneiss was investigated. Petrographical data were quantified from polished thin sections with a polarising microscope to determine the modal composition. The properties of resistance to fragmentation and abrasion were determined by Los Angeles abrasion test and crushing test. The shape characteristic was measured by Flakiness index test. The experimental results indicate that abundance of fine- to medium-grained minerals (especially of plagioclase, quartz and feldspar) are prime, and strong micrographic intergrowth texture with interlocking grain boundaries have the great positive influence on the physical properties. It is also indicated that petrographical properties and surface texture of rocks can decide the potentiality of rocks as raw materials with high quality on resisting fragmentation and abrasion. Analysis of Integration of petrographical data and mechanical properties is ideal for the selection of aggregates used in asphalt concrete.     

高粘性沥青应力吸收层防治反射裂缝研究

为提高半刚性基层沥青路面的防反射裂缝能力,采用高粘性沥青、改进的Superpave方法设计了富沥青、砂粒式的应力吸收层沥青混合料.试验研究表明,高粘性沥青应力吸收层混合料具有极好的低温变形、抗疲劳及弹性恢复能力,并具有较高的抗拉伸能力,能有效延缓沥青路面反射裂缝的发生,采用此材料铺筑的试验路和观测结果验证了室内试验的结论.     

泡沫沥青温拌再生混合料试验研究

动态剪切流变试验评价不同拌和工艺下沥青结合料的老化程度,并提出老化因子量测指标。试验结果表明,泡沫沥青老化程度较低,沥青混合料路用性能受到影响。拟设计中粒式沥青混凝土HMA-AC-20、FWMA-20-RAP、FWMA-20同级配的三组混合料,进行性能检测。结果表明,泡沫沥青再生混合料可压实性好、抗水损害较好;泡沫沥青混合料抗疲劳开裂、抗低温开裂效果好;加入RAP料后压实沥青混合料的动稳定度提升很多,但仍然赶不上热拌沥青混合料。