苏尼特羊尾油对自发性高血压大鼠机能代谢的影响

旨在为羊尾油对动物健康效应的研究提供基础数据,创建了自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）模型,将8周龄SHR分为试验组苏尼特羊尾油组（Y组）、阴性对照大豆油组（D组）、阳性对照菜籽油组（C组）和芥花油组（J组）,并分别饲喂添加10%相应油脂的饲料,记录日摄食量,每周测量血压,饲喂14周后解剖采血,摘取肝脏,检测血清血脂水平、肝脏功能指标和肝脏病理学特征。结果表明：第14周时,Y组雌、雄SHR日摄食量显著高于对照组(p<0.05),血压显著低于对照组（p<0.05）;Y组SHR血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量以及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性显著低于对照组（p<0.05）,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于对照组(p<0.05);C组和J组SHR肝脏病变严重,Y组SHR肝脏组织未出现病变。综上,与对照组植物油相比,苏尼特羊尾油具有缓和SHR血压升高、有效改善血脂和肝脏机能作用,是具有良好健康效应的动物性油脂。     

ACEI发酵乳对原发性高血压大鼠的降血压效果

脱脂乳经灭菌后,接种4%(体积分数)发酵剂,37℃培养24 h,获得抑制血管紧张素转换酶活性较高的发酵乳。以发酵乳及其乳清为样品,每种样品分别以10 mL/kg和20 mL/kg两种不同剂量连续3 d灌胃原发性高血压大鼠。结果表明,它们均具有较好的降血压效果,其中以20 mL/kg剂量的乳清降压效果最好,最大降压值为(3.4±1.36)kPa,最低血压持续时间为5 h。     

显齿蛇葡萄叶总黄酮对原发性高血压大鼠的降血压研究

为了探讨显齿蛇葡萄叶总黄酮对原发性高血压大鼠的影响,采用超声波辅助提取,D-101大孔树脂纯化制备显齿蛇葡萄叶总黄酮,将SHR大鼠40只随机分成正常组、模型组、显齿蛇葡萄叶黄酮组（100、200和400 mg/kg）和依那普利组（5 mg/kg）,显齿蛇葡萄叶黄酮组和依那普利组按照体重分别给予对应药物灌胃10周,分别在10周和12周测定血压及血清中各项指标。同时利用显齿蛇葡萄叶黄酮不同剂量喂养正常大鼠6个月,测定血压及血清各项指标。结果显示,显齿蛇葡萄叶黄酮治疗原发性高血压大鼠10周后能明显降低血压,另外也降低血清中血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、内皮缩血管肽和丙二醛的含量和提高一氧化氮、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽的含量,对正常Wistar大鼠喂养后发现对血压基本没有影响。提示显齿蛇葡萄叶黄酮对原发性高血压大鼠具有明显的降血压效果,潜在的机理可能与肾素-血管紧张素的-醛固酮系统（RAAS）调制和抗氧化系统有关,另外显齿蛇葡萄叶黄酮对正常大鼠的血压没有影响,表明显齿蛇葡萄叶黄酮可用来作为天然药物或功能食品来预防高血压。      

海苔发酵提取物对原发性高血压大鼠的降压效果研究

使用可以产生GABA的植物性乳酸菌对海苔进行发酵,得到富含10.5%GABA的海苔发酵提取物。本实验验证了海苔发酵提取物对原发性高血压模型大鼠(SHR)的降压效果。单次经口灌胃给药实验中,分别以2mg/kg·bw和0.2mg/kg·bw剂量的海苔发酵提取物一次性灌胃给药,给药后2、5、9、24h进行血压测定。结果表明,海苔发酵提取物2mg/kg·bw剂量组在给药后5h和24h均有显著降压效果(p<0.05,p<0.01)。长期摄食给药实验中,含有海苔发酵提取物0.001%和0.003%的饲料剂量组对成长期SHR和老龄期SHR分别摄食给药,给药后每2～3d进行一次血压和体重测量,结果显示含有海苔发酵提取物0.003%的饲料剂量组使成长期SHR和老龄期SHR血压均显著下降(p<0.01,p<0.05)。     

Antihypertensive properties of aqueous extracts of vegetable leaf‐fortified bread after oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats

This study investigated the potential cardiovascular health benefits of leavened bread produced from wheat flour that contained 1%, 2% and 3% additions of leafy vegetable powders obtained from Amaranthus viridis (AO), Solanum macrocarpon (SM) or Telfairia occidentalis (TO). Dried breads were extracted with water at 60 °C followed by analysis for total polyphenolic content (TPC), as well as in vitro inhibitions of angiotensin‐converting enzyme and renin activities. HPLC analysis of the bread extracts indicated the presence of mainly rutin, gallic acid, myricetin and caffeic acid. TPC of the vegetable‐fortified breads was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (5.8–7.6 mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g) than that of control bread (5.5 mg GAE/g). Oral administration of 100 mg dried extract/kg body weight to spontaneously hypertensive rats led to reductions (up to 42 mmHg) in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure in comparison with 20 mmHg for the control bread.     

Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of the Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats

BACKGROUND: Our previous in vitro study showed that 50% ethanolic extract of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther (GE50) exhibited an inhibitory effect on angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE). This study was aimed at evaluating the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of GE50 extract on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). RESULTS: Daily oral administration of GE50 extract (2.5 g kg⁻¹ body weight) for 4 weeks exhibited a significant decrease in blood pressure as well as ACE activity of tested tissues in SHR rats, while no significant change was found in normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). For SHR, GE50 extract increased the total antioxidant status in the plasma and decreased malondialdehyde levels in all tested tissues. Furthermore, GE50 extract increased α‐tocopherol and glutathione levels in brain tissue, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in heart, as well as catalase activity in liver tissue. In WKY rats, GE50 extract only increased ascorbic acid level in liver tissue. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that GE50 might serve as an antioxidant and an ACE inhibitor in convalescence from hypertension in rats. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptide derived from porcine skeletal muscle myosin and its antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats

ABSTRACT:  Crude myosin light chain was extracted from Japanese domestic pork loin and digested with pepsin. Antihypertensive peptide was isolated from this digest as a measure of its inhibitory activity for angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE). Through isolation with some chromatographies, a single active fraction was isolated, and it was detected as an octapeptide, Val-Lys-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Asn-Pro, from 47th to 54th positions of myosin light chain. The 50% inhibitory concentration of this peptide was 28.5 μM. Kinetic evaluation showed that this peptide was a noncompetitive inhibitor, but it was slowly hydrolyzed by ACE. At the dose of 10 mg/kg, this peptide showed antihypertensive activity after a maximum of 3 h of administration and was estimated as a temporally effective hypotensor.     

紫薯水溶性提取物以及紫薯酸奶对SHR血压的影响

以紫薯为原料,12周龄雄性原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和正常Wistar大鼠为受试动物,研究紫薯水溶性提取物的降血压作用。用紫薯水溶性提取物以低、中、高3个剂量(0.12、0.6、1.2g/kg·bw)灌胃SHR大鼠和正常Wistar大鼠,观察对大鼠尾动脉收缩压(SBP)的影响。结果表明:单次灌胃8h内,低、中、高三个剂量对正常Wistar大鼠的血压无影响;三种剂量对SHR的血压有明显的降低作用,且中、高剂量作用效果较好。灌胃后,中剂量在2h时达到最低值,下降了27.25mmHg,高剂量在4h时下降了约33.00mmHg。连续灌胃三种剂量水溶性提取物可较长时间维持低水平SBP。用上述三种不同剂量制备紫薯酸奶,灌胃SHR大鼠。单次灌胃三种酸奶都有降血压作用,低剂量组在4h时达到最低值,下降了20.25mmHg,中剂量组在3h时达到最低值,下降了25.13mmHg,高剂量组在4h时达到最低值,下降了28.13mmHg,且连续灌胃紫薯酸奶可以在8h内维持较低的血压。      

Fatty acid composition of advanced olive selections obtained by crossbreeding

BACKGROUND: An olive‐breeding programme aimed at obtaining new cultivars for olive oil production was initiated in Spain in 1991, with oil quality being considered one of the most important objectives. In this study the oil fatty acid composition of 15 advanced olive selections coming from crosses between ‘Arbequina’, ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Picual’ cultivars was evaluated. RESULTS: A strong genetic effect and significant differences between genotypes were obtained for all fatty acids and ratios evaluated. The results allowed the classification of genotypes into four groups according to their fatty acid composition, with the percentages of C18:1, C18:2 and saturated fatty acids being the main contributors to the total variation. The relationship between the results of the initial seedling population and those of the advanced selections indicated that an efficient selection for fatty acid composition could be carried out by considering only a single year of evaluation at the seedling stage. CONCLUSION: A quite different fatty acid composition in the oil of 15 advanced selections and their three genitors was obtained. These results suggest that new olive cultivars with fatty acid composition fulfilling consumer and market demands could be obtained through crossbreeding in the future. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Identification of oleuropein oligomers in olive pulp and pomace

Analysis of a purified fraction from acetone extracts of olive pulp and pomace by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSⁿ) showed the presence of oleuropein oligomers, whose occurrence has not been reported previously in the literature. The main ionic species (m/z 1613) in the ESI‐MS spectrum was an oleuropein trimer containing three linkages through the hydroxytyrosol backbone. In both samples, oleuropein dimers (m/z 1075), trimers comprising two hydroxytyrosol linkages (m/z 1615), tetramers (m/z 2153) and pentamers (m/z 2691) were also detected by MS. The occurrence of oleuropein oligomers was also observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). ¹³C, ¹³C distortionless enhancement by polarisation transfer DEPT 90, ¹³C DEPT 135, gHSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) and gHMBC (heteronuclear multiple bond coherence) spectra showed all carbon and proton resonances of oleuropein with the exception of the low‐mobility and asymmetric signals of the aromatic rings. Since mature olives were used in this study, it is possible that the disappearance of oleuropein that has been described to occur with the olive fruit maturation, could be associated with the formation of phenolic oligomers together with lower‐molecular‐weight compounds resulting from its degradation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Modelling of virgin olive oil extraction using response surface methodology

Malaxation of the paste is the most important step for virgin olive oil extraction because it affects both oil yield and quality. In this work the influence of temperature and mixing time on oil yield, quality parameters and oil composition in photosynthetic pigments and total polyphenols is assessed by using Response Surface Methodology. Seven Picual‐variety olive samples from two consecutive seasons, with different maturity index, were used. Results show that temperature and malaxation time exert a positive influence in olive yield, with optimal values ranging from 20.1 to 32.2 °C and from 73.3 to 90 min. Oil quality decreased slightly as temperature and time of malaxation were increased. Top quality oils were obtained below 30 °C and shorter mixing time. The oil content in photosynthetic pigments increased with temperature and mixing time, while total polyphenols increased with temperature but decreased with mixing time.     

Hypocholesterolemic and hypotensive effects of a fruit-based functional beverage in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed with cholesterol-rich diet

This study was designed to evaluate a polyphenols-rich fruit-based functional beverage on blood pressure, serum and liver lipid profiles in vivo. Sixty spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into five groups and were fed with a AIN-93G-diet as the normal control (NC), high cholesterol diet as atherogenic control (AC), and the AC diet with three different beverage dosages (0.5X, 1X, 2X), where X is the equivalence of two portion sizes for an adult (X = 10 mL/kg BW/day) after dose translation. Blood pressure was measured during weeks 2 and 4 using a tail-cuff method. Systolic blood pressures were lowered by the beverage at the supplementation of 1X/2X after 2 week but not after 4 week. The oral administration of the beverage at 1X/2X significantly lowered liver cholesterol and total and non-HDL-cholesterol levels in the serum. Thus, the newly formulated beverage possessed hypolipidaemic effects while showing inconsistent effect in lowering the blood pressure.     

Antihypertensive activity of AMC3, an engineered 11S amaranth globulin expressed in Escherichia coli,in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The acidic-subunit of 11S seed storage globulin of Amaranthus hypochondriacus was recently modified by the incorporation of antihypertensive biopeptides: four units of Val–Tyr dipeptides (VY) in tandem and one of Ile–Pro–Pro tripeptide (IPP), was named AMC3. The in vivo effect of AMC3 enzymatic hydrolysates (AEH) produced in Escherichia coli, was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by once-oral administration experiments. As positive control a SHR group received a dose of captopril (50 mg/kg) (an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured for 6 h after AEH or captopril administration. AEH administration at maximal dose (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced MAP similar to the group treated with captopril. The maximal reduction in MAP was observed after 3.5 h after AEH oral administration. The present study showed that enzymatic hydrolysates of AMC3 containing ACE inhibitory peptides (4xVY and IPP) sequences had significant antihypertensive action by oral administration in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).     

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf as a waste by‐product of table olive and olive oil industry: a review

Research into finding new uses for by‐products of table olive and olive oil industry are of great value not only to the economy but also to the environment where olives are grown and to the human health. Since leaves represent around 10% of the total weight of olives arriving at the mill, it is worth obtaining high added‐value compounds from those materials for the preparation of dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, functional food ingredients or cosmeceuticals. In this review article, olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf is reviewed as being a potential inexpensive, renewable and abundant source of biophenols. The importance of this agricultural and industrial waste is emphasised by means of describing its availability, nutritional and therapeutic effects and studies conducted on this field. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Long-term intake of CocoanOX attenuates the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats

We have evaluated the effect of the long-term intake of a cocoa powder, with high concentration of polyphenols, named CocoanOX (CCX), on the development of hypertension of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Systolic blood pressure was measured weekly in the rats, from the 6th to 24th week of life, by the tail cuff method. The development of hypertension was attenuated in the groups treated with captopril or CCX. The antihypertensive effect was more accentuated in the group treated with captopril, and it was paradoxically more accentuated in the group treated with the lowest dose of CCX than in the other CCX groups. The arterial blood pressure increased in the treated SHR when the corresponding antihypertensive treatment was removed. Both, CCX and the standard cocoa, improved the aorta endothelial function in the SHR. In conclusion, CCX could be used as a functional food ingredient with antihypertensive activity.     

Effects of tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1) and its peptic hydrolyzates on spontaneously hypertensive rats

Yam storage protein (YSP) was purified from tubers of Dioscorea alata L. Tainong No. 1 (TN1) to homogeneity by DE‐52 ion‐exchange chromatography. The short‐term (24 h) and long‐term (25 days) antihypertensive effects of YSP‐TN1 and its peptic hydrolyzates (PH‐TN1) were measured in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). For 24‐h antihypertensive measurements, SHRs (age 10 weeks, body weight from 240 to 250 g) were administered orally once (YSP‐TN1 and PH‐TN1, 40 mg kg^?1 SHR) to measure the mean blood pressure (MBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). For a long‐term antihypertensive measurement, SHRs (age 12 weeks, body weight from 250 to 270 g) were administered orally once a day for 25 days (YSP‐TN1, 40 mg kg^?1 SHR) to measure SBP, DBP and MBP. Captopril (10 or 15 mg kg^?1 SHR) was used as a positive control. It was found that short‐term administration of 40 mg kg^?1 SHR of YSP‐TN1 and PH‐TN1 effectively lowered SHRs' MBP, SBP and DBP (For YSP‐TN1, the lowest blood pressure was reached in the fourth hour and for PH‐TN1 in the eighth hour). The lasting effects of PH‐TN1 on reduced SHRs' BP were better than those of YSP‐TN1 for one oral administration. For oral administration of 40 mg YSP‐TN1 kg^?1 SHR, the reduced MBP was 21.5 mmHg, which was comparable to 25.2 mmHg (the fourth hour) of 10 mg captopril kg^?1 SHR oral administration. For oral administration of 40 mg PH‐TN1 kg^?1 SHR, the reduced MBP was 33.7 mmHg, comparable to 38.4 mmHg (the fourth hour) of 15 mg captopril kg^?1 SHR. For long‐term 25‐day oral administration of 40 mg YSP‐TN1 kg^?1 SHR once a day, it was found that a feeding trial of YSP‐TN1 effectively lowered SHRs' SBP, DBP and MBP. The greatest reduction in SHRs' blood pressure was reached on the ninth day, for the reduced SBP, 27.7 mmHg; for the reduced DBP, 28.3 mmHg; and for the reduced MBP, 27.5 mmHg. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

葛根发酵液对原发性高血压大鼠的降血压作用

目的 分析葛根发酵液对原发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat,SHR)的降血压作用。方法利用植物乳杆菌发酵葛根汁得到葛根发酵液,将SHR大鼠随机分为6组,空白对照组、依那普利组、葛根汁组、葛根发酵液低、中、高剂量组。通过不同剂量的单次灌胃和5周连续灌胃给药实验,测定受试动物的血压情况及血液中一氧化氮(NO)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量,分析葛根发酵液的降血压能力。结果 与空白对照组和葛根汁组相比,葛根发酵液低、中、高剂量组的SHR大鼠的血压显著降低(P0.05),且在同等灌胃剂量下,葛根发酵液的降血压能力显著优于葛根汁。血液中NO和SOD含量的测定结果表明,中、高剂量的葛根发酵液能够显著提高SHR大鼠血清中NO和SOD的含量(P0.05),而葛根汁组、低剂量组和依那普利组的大鼠血清中NO和SOD的含量升高不显著(P0.05)。结论 葛根发酵液对SHR大鼠具有良好的降血压作用。