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BACKGROUND: In the scope of the wine vinegar production, this paper provides comprehensive information about the evolution of some volatile compounds during the biological acetification cycle. These data were compared with the acidity, cell concentration and ethanol concentration. Such information may allow a better understanding of the complex biological processes involved. RESULTS: The volatile compounds 2‐phenylethanol, diethyl succinate (diethyl butanedioate), meso‐2,3‐butanediol (meso‐butane‐2,3‐diol), levo‐2,3‐butanediol (levo‐butane‐2,3‐diol), methanol and ethyl acetate exhibited no significant changes between the starting wine and produced vinegar, whereas the rest [acetoin (3‐hydroxybutan‐2‐one) excepted] ethyl lactate (ethyl 2‐hydroxypropanoate), isoamyl alcohols (3‐methylbutan‐1‐ol and 2‐methylbutan‐1‐ol), isobutanol (2‐methylpropan‐1‐ol), 1‐propanol (propan‐1‐ol), and acetaldehyde were consumed in substantial amounts during the process. Additionally, their specific evolution patterns alongside bacterial cell concentrations, acidity and ethanol concentration are shown. CONCLUSION: Concentrations of acetic acid bacteria at the end of the acetification cycle were found to vary because of cell lysis, a result of the high acidity and low ethanol concentration of the medium. Variations were similar to those in some volatile compounds, which suggests their involvement in the metabolism of acetic bacteria. The results testify to the usefulness of this pioneering study and suggest that there should be interest in similar, more detailed studies for a better knowledge of the presence of certain volatile compounds and metabolic activity in cells effecting the acetification of wine. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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The quality of a wine vinegar is determined by the raw wine substrate and the acetification process employed in its production. Attempts to characterise vinegars have been based on these two features, along with variables such as total extract, glycerol, organic acids, volatile compounds and phenolic composition. When the final products are analysed, it is difficult to evaluate to what extent quality differences are due to the raw material or to differences in production methods, so it is necessary to determine the influence of each feature separately. The present work focuses on monitoring physicochemical changes during the acetification of sherry wine by submerged culture. ANOVA showed significant differences for ethanol, acetic and lactic acids and some volatile compounds (methanol, 1‐propanol, 2‐methyl‐1‐propanol, 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, acetoin, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate). However, no statistical changes were found for phenolic compounds during acetification. The phenolic composition of the final product was determined by the substrate employed. In addition, the influence of cycle duration on the chemical composition was studied; the only compound affected by this factor was 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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The present work reports on the free amino acids and volatile compounds in vinegars obtained from different types of raw materials (cider, white wine and red wine). Based on the amino acid contents of three types of vinegar and of the substrates from which they were obtained, the profile of the nitrogen‐supplying compounds and their uptake for the acetic acid bacteria were very similar. The most important amino acid in terms of supply and uptake was found to be L ‐leucine. L ‐Proline proved also important in the wine vinegars, however it was not depleted as L ‐leucine. The different acetification reactions involved were found to yield acetoin, and plus 1,1‐diethoxyethane in the wine vinegars. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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本文研究了山西陈醋在酒精发酵,醋酸发酵和熏醅开始和结束时的挥发性成分,并采用DPPH自由基清除率法,醛/酸法(ACA法)和HepG2细胞氧化损伤模型来评价其抗氧化活性。DPPH法结果表明,陈醋挥发性提取物具有清除DPPH自由基能力,并且呈明显的剂量依存关系。醋酸发酵开始时的提取物达到最高的清除率(93.02%),其次为熏醅结束时(86.52%)。ACA法结果表明,挥发性提取物具有抑制己醛氧化的能力。熏醅结束时提取物抑制己醛氧化的能力最强,其次为醋酸发酵开始和结束时的提取物。除熏醅开始样品外,其他老陈醋挥发性提取物对HepG2细胞氧化损伤无保护作用,甚至成为促氧化物。结果表明,山西老陈醋挥发性提取物有较强的体外抗氧化活性,但是对HepG2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用微弱。  相似文献   

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为了探究3种不同产地黑蒜醋的呈味物质,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用和高效液相色谱分析技术进行测定分析。结果表明,产品A,B,C挥发性风味物质总数分别为33,34,26种,其中共有的关键挥发性风味物质有乙酸、γ-壬内酯、苯乙醇、糠醛。蒜香味的二烯丙基二硫醚是产品A特有的挥发性风味物质;烘烤味的吡嗪类物质是产品B特有的挥发性风味物质;橙香味的正壬醇是产品C特有的关键挥发性风味物质。产品A,B,C有机酸总数分别为9,9,5种,其中共有的有机酸有乙酸(24.03~43.82 g/L)、乳酸(0.41~5.80 g/L)。除乙酸外,产品A中苹果酸浓度较大,为6.67 g/L;产品B中乳酸浓度较大,为5.80 g/L;产品C中其他有机酸浓度均小于1 g/L。  相似文献   

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采用液液萃取法(LLE)、同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)和吹扫捕集装置(Purge&Trap)提取了荔枝果醋产品的挥发性成分,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪对挥发性成分进行分离鉴定,试验共鉴定出87种挥发性风味成分,其中酮类5种、醛类4种、醇类20种、酯类13种、酸类14种、含硫化合物3种、杂环类物质20种以及其他8种。研究结果表明,荔枝果醋产品的主要风味物质为醇、杂环、酸和酯类。  相似文献   

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张平  阮征  李汴生 《现代食品科技》2021,37(12):230-239
本研究旨在探究超高压和巴氏杀菌前处理对植物乳杆菌在梨汁中增殖代谢情况以及对发酵梨汁风味品质的影响。对发酵过程中梨汁的活菌数、pH值及总糖总酸含量进行测定,利用静态-顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气质联用(GC-MS)分析梨汁发酵前后的挥发性风味化合物的变化,并对发酵前后的梨汁进行风味感官评价。相比于热处理,超高压前处理能更好地保持梨汁原有的风味,且杀菌梨汁的刺激性更小。两种前处理方式对发酵梨汁中挥发性风味物质的影响差异显著(p<0.05),经植物乳杆菌发酵后,超高压前处理梨汁中挥发性醇、酯、烷酮的含量分别增加了36.47%、95.43%、80.00%,挥发性烯烃、醛的含量分别减少了7.56%、27.00%;巴氏杀菌前处理梨汁中挥发性醇、酯、烯烃的含量分别增加了63.83%、25.67%、17.82%,醛的含量减少了4.08%,烷酮从未检出增至0.90 mg/L。相比于巴氏杀菌前处理发酵梨汁,超高压前处理发酵梨汁中挥发性醇、酯和烯烃的含量均更高(p<0.01),而挥发性醛和烷酮的含量均更低(p<0.05),这使得超高压前处理发酵梨汁更具新鲜气息。  相似文献   

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The main goal of this research was to study the effects of pressure, extraction time and ethanol concentration on antioxidant activity, total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalains compounds extraction from yellow prickly pear peels. A Box–Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology were used to evaluate the effects and estimate the optimum extraction conditions. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua. Ethanol concentration was the variable that showed the highest effect on extraction yields but high-pressure increased extraction yields between 6% and 17%. Models showed good fitting and adequacy to the experimental data and the high correlation of models indicated that it can be employed to optimise extraction conditions. The experimental and predicted values differed <10% and the extracts inhibited the growth of both bacteria. High-pressure could be a promising extraction process to improve extraction of bioactives from prickly pear peels.  相似文献   

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以秋香梨酒为原料,采用沪酿1.01醋酸菌,以总酸含量为指标,利用响应面法优化果醋醋酸发酵工艺,并评价果醋的抗氧化能力。结果表明:秋香梨果醋醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件为醋酸菌接种量9.4%,发酵时间6d,发酵温度31℃,初始pH 4.5。此条件下得到的果醋色泽金黄,果香醇厚,其总酸含量为54.45g/L。秋香梨酒经醋酸菌发酵后,其DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率和Fe3+还原能力分别提高了21.17%,23.65%,30.23%,表明该果醋具有良好的抗氧化活性。  相似文献   

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利用顶空固相微萃取方法对桑椹果酒中的挥发性成分进行提取,并用气相色谱-质谱技术(GC-MS)对化合物进行分析和分类,并经过NIST 05谱库检索对比。结果表明:在桑椹果酒中共检测出52种挥发性成分,主要有醇类9种、酯类14种、酸类8种、醛类3种、烷烃类9种、酚类2种、烯烃类2种、酮类3种及其他化合物2种。其中醇类、酯类、酸类和醛类化合物的含量最高,分别为54.26%、23.62%、11.22%和7.96%。  相似文献   

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  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper describes a methodology to establish an optimal process design for prickly pear wine production that preserves the peculiar and unique traits of traditional products, generating at the same time, technical information for appropriate design of both bioreactor and overall process. The strategy includes alcoholic fermentation optimization by the mixed native culture composed by Pichia fermentans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, followed by malolactic fermentation optimization by Oenococcus oeni. The optimization criteria were based on multiple output functions: alcohol content, volatile compounds profile, organic acids profile, and compound contents related to color, which were analyzed by spectroscopy–chromatography methods and sensory analysis. The results showed that the mixed culture inoculated into a bioreactor containing prickly pear juice with 20 °Bx of fermentable sugars concentration, processed at a constant temperature of 20 °C for 240 h, leads to a fermented product with 9.93% (v/v) total alcohol content, and significant abundance of volatile compounds, which provide fruity and ethereal aromatic notes, complemented by a lively but not unpleasant acidity. This young wine was further subjected to malolactic fermentation at constant temperature (16 °C) for 192 h, decreasing malic acid, and balancing volatile compounds contents, thus resulting in a product with better aroma and flavor perception, and a velvety feeling of long aftertaste. Repeated assays showed that the process is stable, predictable, controllable, and reproducible. These results were used for process design and spreadsheet construction in order to simulate the process, and properly select and size the equipment required for such process.  相似文献   

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以库尔勒香梨果渣为主要原料,经原料处理、成分调整、高压灭菌、酒精发酵、醋酸发酵、过滤、灭菌、灌装等工艺得到果醋成品.通过单因素和正交试验确定了酒精及醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件,即初始含糖量12°Bx,接种量8%,发酵温度33%,发酵时间3d,得到酒精度为4%vol的香梨果酒;初始酒精度4%vol,温度32℃,接种量为15%,发酵时间10d,获得酸度为4.00g/100mL,具有浓郁香梨风味的香梨果渣果醋.  相似文献   

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不同品种梨加工特性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以砀山酥梨、鸭梨、雪梨、莱阳茌梨、黄金梨、新世纪梨、秋水梨、巴梨为原料,通过比较其产品的理化和感官指标,研究了其制汁、酿酒和制醋的特性。结果表明:供试的8个梨品种中,黄金梨出汁率高达75.27%,果汁的可溶性固形物和总酸含量分别达到13.6%和1.602 g/L,果汁色泽、风味好,果香浓,是制汁优选品种。莱阳茌梨酿得酒样酒度较高,为10.23%,残糖量低,为0.119 g/L,酒味柔和,酸甜适口,且具有浓郁果酒清香和梨特有香气,酒质清亮透明,色泽较好且有光泽,较适于酿酒。秋水梨和鸭梨所制梨醋总酸含量较高,分别达46.7mg/mL和38.6 mg/mL,酸味柔和纯正,且有其特有的梨果味、香气和色泽特征,体态澄清透明有光泽,较适于制醋。  相似文献   

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本研究以植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,LP)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus,LA)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis,LGG)、肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides,LM)为发酵菌种,对砀山酥梨加工产业下脚料浓缩梨汁进行发酵生产酸化剂,研究发酵过程中活性成分、抗氧化能力的变化,并采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析挥发性风味物质,以期改善其营养特性及风味品质。研究发现,四株单菌在发酵浓缩梨汁的过程中,LP单菌发酵的活菌数最多(9.7 lg CFU/mL),是最适于发酵浓缩梨汁的菌种。在混菌发酵过程中,总酸随着发酵时间的延长逐渐增加,发酵第4 d,PMF组达到最高(1.22 g/100 mL),而LPF组最低(0.82 g/100 mL)。还原糖、总酚、总黄酮以及蛋白质均随发酵逐渐降低,发酵结束时PAF组各指标均最高,分别为28 g/L、13.54 mg GAE/L、17.46 mg/L、35.39 mg/L。DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率以及铁离子还原清除能力(FRAP)等抗氧化指标在单菌及混菌发酵中均先上升后下降,且在发酵第2 d达到最大。在不同组别混菌发酵中共检测出94种挥发性风味物质,其中OAV>1的风味物质共有20种。PAF组OAV>1的风味物质为15种,产生了更多的重要风味物质(如2-庚酮、香叶醇和芳樟醇等),对浓缩梨汁发酵酸化剂具有最为积极的影响。综上,本文研究了浓缩梨汁发酵酸化剂的乳酸菌组合,为促进梨产业副产物的高效加工利用提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

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