CANFIS based glioma brain tumor classification and retrieval system for tumor diagnosis

Brain tumor classification and retrieval system plays an important role in medical field. In this paper, an efficient Glioma Brain Tumor detection and its retrieval system is proposed. The proposed methodology consists of two modules as classification and retrieval. The classification modules are designed using preprocessing, feature extraction and tumor detection techniques using Co‐Active Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS) classifier. The image enhancement can be achieved using Heuristic histogram equalization technique as preprocessing and further texture features as Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) features and Grey Level Co‐occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features are extracted from the enhanced image. These features are used to classify the brain image into normal and abnormal using CANFIS classifier. The tumor region in abnormal brain image is segmented using normalized graph cut segmentation algorithm. The retrieval module is used to retrieve the similar segmented tumor regions from the dataset for diagnosing the tumor region using Euclidean algorithm. The proposed Glioma Brain tumor classification methodology achieves 97.28% sensitivity, 98.16% specificity and 99.14% accuracy. The proposed retrieval system achieves 97.29% precision and 98.16% recall rate with respect to ground truth images.     

Classification of motor imagery electroencephalography signals using continuous small convolutional neural network

As an important part of brain-computer interface (BCI), the electroencephalography (EEG) technology of motor imagery (MI) has been gradually recognized for its great theoretical value and practical application. In this study, in view of the different MI tasks corresponding to active region of the EEG signals, we adopt a two-dimensional form including time, frequency, and electrode location information, then we design a classification method containing continuous small convolutional neural network (CSCNN). This method is mainly used for feature extraction through continuous small convolutional kernels and one rectangle convolutional kernel, and the softmax classifier for classification. In the experiment, classification accuracy and kappa value are used as evaluation criteria to verify the effectiveness of the method proposed in this study. For classification accuracy, BCI competition IV data set 2b is used to compare with the other five classification methods (CNN, CNN-SAE, stacked autoencoder [SAE], support vector machine [SVM], and one-dimensional convolution combined with gated recurrent unit [1DCGRU]). The results demonstrate that the overall accuracy of CSCNN is higher than other methods, and CSCNN obtains an average accuracy of 82.8%. For kappa value, BCI competition IV data set 2b is used to compare with the other three methods (filter bank common spatial pattern [FBCSP], Twin SVM, and CNN-SAE). The performance of CSCNN is better with an average value of 0.663. Overall, the results show that CSCNN maintains a small number of parameters and improves the classification accuracy.     

Segmentation of glioma tumors using convolutional neural networks

The abnormal development of cells in brain leads to the formation of tumors in brain. In this article, image fusion based brain tumor detection and segmentation methodology is proposed using convolutional neural networks (CNN). This proposed methodology consists of image fusion, feature extraction, classification, and segmentation. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used for image fusion and enhanced brain image is obtained by fusing the coefficients of the DWT transform. Further, Grey Level Co‐occurrence Matrix features are extracted and fed to the CNN classifier for glioma image classifications. Then, morphological operations with closing and opening functions are used to segment the tumor region in classified glioma brain image.     

基于CNN-MSLSTM的航空发动机滑油监测方法研究

针对传统的数据特征提取方法难以提取ECT滑油监测数据有效特征的缺陷,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)和多尺度长短期记忆(multi-scales long short-term memory,MSLSTM)神经网络的双通道网络模型CNN-MSLSTM.将多尺...     

Performance analysis of computer aided brain tumor detection system using ANFIS classifier

The abrupt changes in brain cells due to the environmental effects or genetic disorders leads to form the abnormal lesions in brain. These abnormal lesions are combined as mass and known as tumor. The detection of these tumor cells in brain image is a complex task due to the similarities between normal cells and tumor cells. In this paper, an automated brain tumor detection and segmentation methodology is proposed. The proposed method consists of feature extraction, classification and segmentation. In this paper, Grey Level Co‐Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Law's texture features are used as features. These features are fed to Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier as input pattern, which classifies the brain image. Morphological operations are now applied on the classified abnormal brain image to segment the tumor regions. The proposed system achieves 95.07% of sensitivity, 99.84% of specificity and 99.80% of accuracy for tumor segmentation.     

Feature selection and fault‐severity classification–based machine health assessment methodology for point machine sliding‐chair degradation

In this paper, we propose an offline and online machine health assessment (MHA) methodology composed of feature extraction and selection, segmentation‐based fault severity evaluation, and classification steps. In the offline phase, the best representative feature of degradation is selected by a new filter‐based feature selection approach. The selected feature is further segmented by utilizing the bottom‐up time series segmentation to discriminate machine health states, ie, degradation levels. Then, the health state fault severity is extracted by a proposed segment evaluation approach based on within segment rate‐of‐change (RoC) and coefficient of variation (CV) statistics. To train supervised classifiers, a priori knowledge about the availability of the labeled data set is needed. To overcome this limitation, the health state fault‐severity information is used to label (eg, healthy, minor, medium, and severe) unlabeled raw condition monitoring (CM) data. In the online phase, the fault‐severity classification is carried out by kernel‐based support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Next to SVM, the k‐nearest neighbor (KNN) is also used in comparative analysis on the fault severity classification problem. Supervised classifiers are trained in the offline phase and tested in the online phase. Unlike to traditional supervised approaches, this proposed method does not require any a priori knowledge about the availability of the labeled data set. The proposed methodology is validated on infield point machine sliding‐chair degradation data to illustrate its effectiveness and applicability. The results show that the time series segmentation‐based failure severity detection and SVM‐based classification are promising.     

Developing a Recognition System for Classifying COVID-19 Using a Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm

The COVID-19 pandemic poses an additional serious public health threat due to little or no pre-existing human immunity, and developing a system to identify COVID-19 in its early stages will save millions of lives. This study applied support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (K-NN) and deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms to classify and detect COVID-19 using chest X-ray radiographs. To test the proposed system, chest X-ray radiographs and CT images were collected from different standard databases, which contained 95 normal images, 140 COVID-19 images and 10 SARS images. Two scenarios were considered to develop a system for predicting COVID-19. In the first scenario, the Gaussian filter was applied to remove noise from the chest X-ray radiograph images, and then the adaptive region growing technique was used to segment the region of interest from the chest X-ray radiographs. After segmentation, a hybrid feature extraction composed of 2D-DWT and gray level co-occurrence matrix was utilized to extract the features significant for detecting COVID-19. These features were processed using SVM and K-NN. In the second scenario, a CNN transfer model (ResNet 50) was used to detect COVID-19. The system was examined and evaluated through multiclass statistical analysis, and the empirical results of the analysis found significant values of 97.14%, 99.34%, 99.26%, 99.26% and 99.40% for accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, recall and AUC, respectively. Thus, the CNN model showed significant success; it achieved optimal accuracy, effectiveness and robustness for detecting COVID-19.     

Earlier detection of cancer regions from MR image features and SVM classifiers

In this article, we examine the use of several segmentation algorithms for medical image classification. This work detects the cancer region from magnetic resonance (MR) images in earlier stage. This is accomplished in three stages. In first stage, four kinds of region‐based segmentation techniques are used such as K‐means clustering algorithm, expectation–maximization algorithm, partial swarm optimization algorithm, and fuzzy c‐means algorithm. In second stage, 18 texture features are extracting using gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM). In stage three, classification is based on multi‐class support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Finally, the performance analysis of SVM classifier is analyzed using the four types of segmentation algorithm for a group of 200 patients (32—Glioma, 32—Meningioma, 44—Metastasis, 8—Astrocytoma, 72—Normal). The experimental results indicate that EM is an efficient segmentation method with 100% accuracy. In SVM, quadratic and RBF (σ = 0.5) kernel methods provide the highest classification accuracy compared to all other SVM kernel methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 26, 196–208, 2016     

Detection and diagnosis of meningioma brain tumor using ANFIS classifier

Tumors are formed in brain due to the uncontrolled development of cells. These tumors can be cured if it is timely detected and by proper medication. This article proposes a computer‐aided automatic detection and diagnosis of meningioma brain tumors in brain images using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier. The proposed system consists of feature extraction, classification, and segmentation and diagnosis sections. In this article, Grey level Co‐occurrence Matric (GLCM) and Grid features are extracted from the brain image and these features are classified using ANFIS classifier into normal or abnormal. Then, morphological operations are used to segment the abnormal regions in brain image. Based on the location of these abnormal regions in brain tissues, the segmented tumor regions are diagnosed.     

基于支持向量机的印品缺陷分类方法

目的研究印品图像的各类形状缺陷,建立基于支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)的印品形状缺陷分类模型。方法对印品进行符合人眼视觉特性的缺陷识别,并对提取缺陷进行特征分析。将特征数据导入支持向量机进行训练学习,SVM分类器对缺陷图像进行测试。结果分类器对点缺陷和面缺陷的识别率为100%,对线缺陷的分类准确率达93.94%。结论基于SVM的缺陷分类方法能较好地满足印品质量检测的需求。     

Analysis and classification of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on Raman spectroscopy and convolutional neural networks

ABSTRACT

To detect oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) using fibre optic Raman spectroscopy, we present a classification model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and support vector machines (SVM). 24 samples Raman spectra of OTSCC and para-carcinoma tissues from 12 patients were collected and analysed. In our proposed model, CNN is used as a feature extractor for forming a representative vector. Then the derived features are fed into an SVM classifier, which is used for OTSCC classification. Experimental results demonstrated that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 99.96% and the classification error was zero (sensitivity: 99.54%, specificity: 99.54%). To show the superiority of this model, comparison results with the state-of-the-art methods showed it can obtain a competitive accuracy. These findings may pay a way to apply the proposed model in the fibre optic Raman instruments for intra-operative evaluation of OTSCC resection margins.     

Providing an efficient intelligent transportation system through detection,tracking and recognition of the region of interest in traffic signs by using non-linear SVM classifier in line with histogram oriented gradient and Kalman filter approach

With a focus on new researches in the area of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), an efficient approach has been investigated here. Based on the present view point, analysis of traffic signs are first considered via intelligence based approach, which is carried out through three main stages including detection, tracking and recognition, respectively, in this research. The key role of detection is to identify traffic signs by classification of road sign shapes in accordance with their signatures. This classification consists of four different shapes of circle, semicircle, triangle and square, as well. The linear classification of traffic sign is also carried out via support vector machine (SVM) by using one against all (OAA), since the present SVMs classifiers realized via linear kernel. The next step is to track traffic sign. It should be noted that this technique is now developed to reduce the searching mode in case of the whole area to be optimized its computational processing, consequently. This research work is investigated by realizing Kalman filter approach, where, finally, in recognition step, a feature of the region of interest (ROI) has been extracted for SVM classification. Histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) is realized in organizing the approach, as long as Gaussian kernel is also developed for non-linear SVM classifier.     

基于融合特征的短语音汉语声调自动识别方法

提出一种基于韵律特征(基频、时长)和梅尔倒谱系数(Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient,MFCC)特征的融合特征进行短语音汉语声调识别的方法,旨在利用两种特征的优势提高短语音汉语声调识别率。该融合特征包括7个根据不同模型得到的韵律特征和统计参数以及4个从每个音段的梅尔倒谱系数计算得来的对数化后验概率,使用高斯混合模型表示4个声调的倒谱特征的分布。实验分两步:第一步,将基于韵律特征和倒谱特征的分类器在决策阶段混合起来进行声调分类,分别赋予两个分类器权重,计算倒谱特征和韵律特征在声调分类任务中的权重;第二步,将基于字的韵律特征和基于帧的倒谱特征结合起来生成融合特征的超向量,使用融合特征进行汉语声调识别,根据准确率、未加权平均召回率(Unweigted Average Recall,UAR)和科恩卡帕(Cohen’s Kappa)系数3个指标,比较并评估5种分类器(两种设置的高斯混合模型,后向传播神经网络,支持向量机和卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN))在不平衡数据集上的分类效果。实验结果表明:(1)倒谱特征方法能够提高汉语声调的识别率,该特征在总体分类任务中的权重为0.11;(2)基于融合特征的深度学习(CNN)方法对声调的识别率最高,为87.6%,与高斯混合模型的基线系统相比,提高了5.87%。该研究证明了倒谱特征法能够提供与韵律特征法互补的信息,从而提高短语音汉语声调识别率;同时,该方法可以运用到韵律检测和副语言信息检测等相关研究中。     

Neural network classifier and multiple hypothesis image segmentation for dietary assessment using calorie calculator

Nowadays, dietary assessment becomes the emerging system for evaluating the person’s food intake. In this paper, the multiple hypothesis image segmentation and feed-forward neural network classifier are proposed for dietary assessment to enhance the performance. Initially, the segmentation is applied to input image which is used to determine the regions where a particular food item is located using salient region detection, multi-scale segmentation, and fast rejection. Then, the significant feature of food items is extracted by the global feature and local feature extraction method. After the features are obtained, the classification is performed for each segmented region using feed-forward neural network model. Finally, the calorie value is computed with the aid of (i) food area volume and (ii) calorie and nutrition measure based on mass value. The outcome of the proposed method attains 96% of accuracy value which provides the better classification performance.     

基于BIMF-GLCM分析的印刷网点异常状态诊断方法

目的为了实现印刷生产过程中网点异常状态的智能诊断,提出一种基于二维经验模式分解(BEMD)的网点特征提取方法。方法通过对网点图像的BEMD分析,获取了其二维本征模式分量,并利用灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)对其进行特征提取,构建印刷网点的特征表示向量。结果依托支持向量机决策方法开展分类实验,所提出的方法能够准确诊断出网点压力不当、水墨不均等异常状态,网点分类实验的正确率达到90%以上。结论 BIMF-GLCM分析对于网点特性有着很好的表征能力,相关研究为印刷网点智能诊断特征集的构建提供了有效方法。     

MRI brain image classification—a hybrid approach

The present article proposes a novel computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) technique for the classification of the magnetic resonance brain images. The current method adopt color converted hybrid clustering segmentation algorithm with hybrid feature selection approach based on IGSFFS (Information gain and Sequential Forward Floating Search) and Multi‐Class Support Vector Machine (MC‐SVM) classifier technique to segregate the magnetic resonance brain images into three categories namely normal, benign and malignant. The proposed hybrid evolutionary segmentation algorithm which is the combination of WFF(weighted firefly) and K‐means algorithm called WFF‐K‐means and modified cuckoo search (MCS) and K‐means algorithm called MCS‐K‐means, which can find better cluster partition in brain tumor datasets and also overcome local optima problems in K‐means clustering algorithm. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms such as PSO‐K‐means, color converted K‐means, FCM and other traditional approaches. The multiple feature set comprises color, texture and shape features derived from the segmented image. These features are then fed into a MC‐SVM classifier with hybrid feature selection algorithm, trained with data labeled by experts, enabling the detection of brain images at high accuracy levels. The performance of the method is evaluated using classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The proposed method provides highest classification accuracy of greater than 98% with high sensitivity and specificity rates of greater than 95% for the proposed diagnostic model and this shows the promise of the approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 226–244, 2015     

An efficient and automatic glioblastoma brain tumor detection using shift‐invariant shearlet transform and neural networks

The detection and segmentation of tumor region in brain image is a critical task due to the similarity between abnormal and normal region. In this article, a computer‐aided automatic detection and segmentation of brain tumor is proposed. The proposed system consists of enhancement, transformation, feature extraction, and classification. The shift‐invariant shearlet transform (SIST) is used to enhance the brain image. Further, nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is used as multiresolution transform which transforms the spatial domain enhanced image into multiresolution image. The texture features from grey level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), Gabor, and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are extracted with the approximate subband of the NSCT transformed image. These extracted features are trained and classified into either normal or glioblastoma brain image using feed forward back propagation neural networks. Further, K‐means clustering algorithm is used to segment the tumor region in classified glioblastoma brain image. The proposed method achieves 89.7% of sensitivity, 99.9% of specificity, and 99.8% of accuracy.     

A new rectangular window based image cropping method for generalization of brain neoplasm classification systems

Classification of brain neoplasm images is one of the most challenging research areas in the field of medical image processing. The main objective of this study is to design a brain neoplasm classification system that can be trained using multiple various sized MR images of different institutions. The proposed method is a generalized classification system; it can be used in a single institute or in a number of institutions at the same time, without any restriction on image size. The generalization and unbiased capability of the proposed method can bring researchers on a single platform to work on some standard forms of computer aided diagnosis system with more efficient diagnostic capabilities. In this study, a suitable size of moveable rectangular window is used between segmentation and feature extraction stages. A semiautomatic, localized region based active contour method is used for segmentation of brain neoplasm region. Discrete wavelet transform for feature extraction, principal component analysis for feature selection and support vector machine is used as classifier. For the first time MR images of 2 sizes and from different institutions are used in training and testing of brain neoplasm classifier. Three glioma grades were classified using 92 MR images. The proposed method achieved the highest accuracy of 88.26%, the highest sensitivity of 92.23% and the maximum specificity of 93.93%. In addition, the proposed method is computationally less complex, requires shorter processing time and is more efficient in terms of storage capacity.     

Plant Leaf Diseases Classification Using Improved K-Means Clustering and SVM Algorithm for Segmentation

Several pests feed on leaves, stems, bases, and the entire plant, causing plant illnesses. As a result, it is vital to identify and eliminate the disease before causing any damage to plants. Manually detecting plant disease and treating it is pretty challenging in this period. Image processing is employed to detect plant disease since it requires much effort and an extended processing period. The main goal of this study is to discover the disease that affects the plants by creating an image processing system that can recognize and classify four different forms of plant diseases, including Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium graminearum, Puccinia graminis, tomato yellow leaf curl. Therefore, this work uses the Support vector machine (SVM) classifier to detect and classify the plant disease using various steps like image acquisition, Pre-processing, Segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and the local binary pattern features (LBP) are used to identify the disease-affected portion of the plant leaf. According to experimental data, the proposed technology can correctly detect and diagnose plant sickness with a 97.2 percent accuracy.