Hydration mechanism of a cementitious material prepared with Si-Mn slag

A cementitious material was prepared by mixing 80wt% Si-Mn slag powder, 10wt% lime, and 10wt% anhydrite. The compressive strength of mortar samples reaches 51.48 MPa after 28 d curing. The analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that much ettringite is formed in the sample cured for 3 d, and C-S-H gel increases rapidly during subsequent curing. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of 29Si and 27Al and infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis show that aluminum decompo...     

活性矿物掺合料对超高性能水泥基材料的影响

通过复掺粉煤灰和硅灰,制备一种抗压强度超过200 MPa的超高性能水泥基复合材料(UHPCC),采用扫描电镜、微区能谱分析、X射线衍射、汞压入法和差示扫描量热分析等现代测试手段,研究了活性矿物掺合料对UHPCC微观结构及性能的影响.实验结果表明,UHPCC水泥石主要以低mCa/mSi、结构致密的C-S-H凝胶和许多未水化颗粒组成;活性矿物掺合料的火山灰效应使水泥浆体与集料间界面过渡区得以改善;矿物掺合料的微集料效应使体系颗粒级配优化,致使基体内部结构致密,总孔隙率减小,孔尺寸得到细化,孔结构得以优化,材料性能得以提高.     

Influence of Polycarboxylic-type Admixture on the Strength of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

The influence of polycarboxylic-type admixture on the strength of autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC) was investigated. The flexural strength and compressive strength of AAC with polycarboxylic admixture(PA) were tested. The microstructure of AAC reinforced by PA was analyzed using scanning electron microscopic(SEM) methods. The crystal structure analysis of AAC with PA was also carried out using X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results showed that the compressive strength and flexural strength of AAC were increased by 43.9% and 42.8%, respectively, when 1.5wt% of PA was mixed. In addition, the dosage of admixture influenced the reinforcing effect. Admixture affected pore structure and surface characteristic of the products in autoclaved curing process and improved the formation of high crystallite tobermorite which led to the enhancement of the compressive and flexural strength of AAC.     

电解锰渣胶结膏体材料的充填性能

针对电解锰渣占用大量土地资源、易产生重金属污染等问题,使用电解锰渣基胶凝材料、原状电解锰渣、中粗砂等材料制备电解锰渣自胶结膏体充填材料用于矿山回填。测试充填材料水化浆体流动度、试件抗压强度和浸出毒性,以评价该材料的性能,并用X射线衍射、扫描电镜进行表征。结果表明：该充填材料浆体流动度达到200 mm,流动性能满足充填技术要求;充填材料固化体固化28 d后,抗压强度可达到1.5 MPa以上,达到矿采场充填体强度要求;充填材料浸出毒性明显降低,主要污染重金属Mn、Co被充分固化稳定,浸出毒性满足地下水标准。固化体XRD及SEM分析发现,该充填材料水化生成的水化硅酸钙、钙矾石等晶体是固化体强度稳定、重金属得以固化的主要原因。研究表明,该方法能有效固化/稳定化电解锰渣,降低环境污染风险。     

Effect of curing conditions on the hydration and performance of CFBC ash cementitious system

Circulating fluidized bed combustion （CFBC） ash can be used as supplementary cementitious material for concrete production for its high pozzolanic activity. We investigated the effect of curing conditions on the hydration and performance of CFBC ash-Portland cement system （30： 70, by mass） including hydration products, paste microstructure, linear expansion ratio, chemically combined water content and compressive strength. The results show that tobermorite rather than ettringite is generated under the condition of autoclaved curing. The expansion and mortar strength of the system cured in water is higher than those cured in air at a given age, and the strength and bulk volume may retract under the condition of air curing. In addition, autoclaved curing facilitates the increase of strength gain at early curing ages （the increase rate lowers down in the following ages） and the improvement of system volume stability. It is suggested that sufficient water is necessary for the curing of CFBC ash cementitious system, and autoclaved curing may be considered where volume stability is a primary concern.     

新型含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸盐水泥的研究

以白云石和工业三氧化二铝为原料，采用反应烧结技术制得了含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸盐水泥，探讨了原料及烧结温度和添加剂对含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸盐水泥性能的影响，XRD结果表明产物的物相组成为MA，CA，CA2；采用扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱（EDS）对产物的显微结构进行了观察与分析。结果表明：以轻烧白云石和工业Al2O3为原料制得的水泥具有较高的结合强度；所制得的含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸盐水泥的显微结构较为均匀，外加剂CaCl2具有明显的早强效果。     

Mechanical properties of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials

High performance aluminosilicate based cementitious materials were produced using calcined gangue as one of the major raw materials. The gangue was calcined at 500℃. The main constituent was calcined gangue, fly ash and slag, while alkali-silicate solutions were used as the diagenetic agent. The structure of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials was studied by the methods of IR, NMR and SEM. The results show that the mechanical properties are affected by the mass ratio between the gangue, slag and fly ash, the kind of activator and additional salt. For 28-day curing time, the compressive strength of the sample with a mass proportion of 2：1：1 （gangue： slag： fly ash） is 58.9 MPa, while the compressive strength of the sample containing 80wt% gangue can still be up to 52.3 MPa. The larger K^＋ favors the formation of large silicate oligomers with which AI（OH）4- prefers to bind. Therefore, in Na-K compounding activator solutions more oligomers exist which result in a stronger compressive strength of aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials than in the case of Na-containing activator. The reasons for this were found through IR and NMR analysis. Glauber＇s salt reduces the 3-day compressive strength of the paste, but increases its 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths.     

电石渣—脱硫石膏复合激发充填材料性能及微观结构

针对传统充填材料高碳排放、高成本问题,以“绿色矿山”为理念,选用工业固废电石渣、脱硫石膏和矿渣为胶凝组分,以尾矿砂为骨料制备充填材料。利用X射线（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱分析(EDS)等手段研究充填料水化产物及微观形貌,并开展工作性能、力学性能和重金属固化性能试验。结果表明：所开发的充填材料凝结时间和流动度均满足矿山充填工程要求,充填体7、28 d抗压强度可达4.6、7.9 MPa,充填体浸出液中Pb、Zn浓度低于规定限值。电石渣内的氢氧化钙提供碱性环境,脱硫石膏提供硫酸根离子,两者对矿渣内的硅铝质原料复合激发,生成以钙矾石和C-A-S-H凝胶为主的水化产物。大量针棒状结构的钙矾石晶体及网状结构的C-A-S-H凝胶相互穿插,并且与尾砂颗粒紧密结合,随着龄期延长,结构更加致密,使充填体具有良好的力学性能。     

钢渣彩色水泥熟料低温烧成及其性能研究

水泥窑中直接烧成的彩色熟料水泥具有成本低、色泽鲜艳、色彩稳定性好等特点.本文着重探讨了在能源紧张情况下,利用氟、硫复合矿化剂低温烧成钢渣彩色水泥熟料的可能性.通过 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜观察和红外光谱等近代测试分析技术及化学分析、常规物理力学试验方法对用水泥工业性优质原料配料和掺电炉还原钢渣配料高低温烧成彩色熟料的矿物组成、色彩情况、物理力学性能及其特性进行了分析研究.     

Effect of Limestone Powder on Microstructure of Concrete

The effect of limestone powder on microstructure of concrete was studied by using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), backscattering scanning electron(BSE), scanning electron mi- croscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The experimental results show that the compressive strength of concrete containing 100 kg/m3 limestone powder can meet the strength re- quirement. Limestone powder has not pozzolanic activity; it is still unhydrated at the age of 28 days. But its filling effect can make the pa...     

增强型地质聚合物的制备

为了改善地质聚合物的力学性能,采用偏高岭土为原料,液体水玻璃和氢氧化钠作为碱激发剂,三聚磷酸铝为促进剂,制备了增强型地质聚合物. 对增强型地质聚合物进行了X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、热失重分析、抗压强度等表征,研究促进剂对地质聚合物结构和抗压强度的影响. 结果显示促进剂参与了聚合反应,并且进入到地质聚合物的结构中,使地质聚合物的凝胶相向颗粒状转变;而且,促进剂的加入显著提高了地质聚合物的抗压强度. 与未加促进剂的地质聚合物的77 MPa抗压强度相比,当添加0.5%的促进剂,增强型地质聚合物的抗压强度为156 MPa,增加了102.6%.     

Analysis of Hydration Mechanism and Microstructure of Composite Cementitious Materials for Filling Mining

To obtain the compositions and microstructure of hydration products of cementitious material in different hydration ages and its growth law of filling strength, the optimal proportion of composite cementitious material was determined according to the chemical composition of cement clinker which was composed of the Portland cement 32.5R, CSA 42.5 sulphoaluminate cement and two gypsum(CS). The characterization of composite cementitious materials in different hydration ages was conducted by NMR, XRD and SEM techniques. The mechanism of hydration was explored. It is shown that the compressive strength of the test block increases gradually with the increase of hydration age. The microstructure of composite cementitious material can be changed from Al-O octahedron into Al-O tetrahedron in the hydration process. The hydrated alkali alumi niumsilicate formed with Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O tetrahedron. The degree of polymerization of Si-O tetrahedron gradually increased, and the structural strength of cementitious materials continued to increase. The diffraction peak of clinker minerals gradually decreased with the extension of hydration age. The CaSO_4 completely hydrated to produce Aft during hydration which resulted in high early strength of cementitious material. The early hydration product of composite cementitious materials was Aft with a needle bar structure. The main middle and last hydration products were CSH gel and CH gel with dense prismatic shape. The microscopic pore of composite cementitious material gradually decreased and improved the later strength of filling block. The strong support was provided for mined-out area.     

Effect of treatment process on consolidation efficiency of fugitive dust cemented by bio-activated cementitious material based on CO2 capture

As a new green and environmental material, bio-activated cementitious material is attracting extensive attention. This study confirmed that the bio-activated cementitious material could mineralize and cement fugitive dust into the calcite- consolidation-layer based on CO₂ capture and utilization. The results illustrated that treatment processes (non-pressure spraying, pressure spraying, non-pressure blending and pressure blending) had a strong effect on the microstructure and properties of calcite-consolidation-layer. According to the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), calcite was prepared by bio-activated cementitious material during the cementation process. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) were adopted to measure the corresponding variation of porous characteristics and calcite content caused by different treatment processes. The results indicated that the microstructure of calcite-consolidation-layer from the spraying process had lower porosity and higher content of calcite than from blending processes. In addition, the mechanical properties of calcite-consolidation-layer were also tested. The hardness and compressive strength, which reached 19.5 GPa and 0.6 MPa, respectively, of calcite-consolidation-layer from the pressure spraying process were higher than those from the other three treatment processes. Compared with the non-treatment process, the four treatment processes had superior wind erosion resistance. Under the wind speed of 12 m/s, the mass loss of calcite-consolidation-layer from the pressure spraying process decreased from 2150.2 to 23.8 g/(m² h).     

Microstructure and properties of woodceramics prepared from lignin-modified phenol-formaldehyde resin

Novel woodceramics were successfully fabricated by enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) modified phenol-formaldehyde resin and woodpowders. The microstructure of woodceramics was investigated by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of EHL-modified PF resin on the properties of woodceramics, such as the weight loss ratio, volume shrinkage ratio, open porosity, bending strength and compressive strength, were studied. The experimental results showed that EHL modified woodceramics had a uniform porous structure. EHL-modified PF resin played an important role in the properties of woodceramics. With the increase of EHL-modified PF resin content, the open porosity, weight loss ratio and volume shrinkage ratio of woodceramics increased, but the bending strength and compressive strength decreased.     

Effect of alkali-activation on aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials

High-performance aluminosilieate-based eementitious materials were produced with fly ash from a coal power plant as one of the major raw materials.The structures of fly ash containing aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials were compared before and after treatment by the methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).During the 28 d curing time,the compressive strength of water glass and fly ash samples increased from 9.08 MPa to 26.75 MPa.The results show that most of the stiff shells are destroyed after mechanical grinding and chemical activation.Magic angle spinning (MAS)NMR of 27Al shows that the wide peak becomes narrow and the main peak shifts to the direction of low field,indicating the decrease of polymerization degree,the enhancing of activity,the decrease of six-coordination structure,and the increase of small and symmetrical four-coordination polyhedron structure within the aluminum-oxygen polyhedron network.Comparisons between MAS NMR of 29Si with different treatments suggest that Q0 disappears,the quantity of Q2 increases,and the quantity of Q4 decreases.The polym     

镁橄榄石质隔热材料的制备及其性能研究

以天然镁橄榄石和NaCl为原料,采用熔盐法制备镁橄榄石质隔热材料。研究不同熔盐配比和烧结温度对材料显气孔率、体积密度和耐压强度的影响,并利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对其相组成及微观形貌进行表征。结果表明,熔融的NaCl提供了液相环境,促进了镁橄榄石的烧结,经过水溶液处理后,NaCl溶于水中,其占据的空间形成了气孔;烧结温度为1 100℃,熔盐含量为50%时,制得的隔热材料有较低的体积密度、较高的显气孔率和耐压强度,气孔分布更均匀,材料的隔热性能较佳。     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Blended Cement Containing Modified Quartz Tailing

The amount of inert quartz tailing used in concrete construction is limited due to the low strength development of cementitious materials that may be caused by the quartz tailing. We manage to increase the strength of blended cement by modifying quartz tailing through solid-phase reaction of quartz tailing with carbide slag at high temperature. The mineral composition and morphology of the modified quartz tailing were examined by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The mechanical properties and microstructure of blended cement mortars containing modified quartz tailing were investigated. Results showed that the strengths of blended cement mortars containing modified quartz tailing were close to those of the corresponding blended cement mortars containing quartz tailing at early age of 3 d, but increased significantly to be similar to that of plain Portland cement mortars at late ages of 90 d. This is attributed to the microstructure densification and the enhancement of interface between quartz tailing and cement paste due to the hydration of b-C_2 S surface layer on modified quartz tailing.     

Effects of LiAl-layered double hydroxides on early hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate cement paste

As a 3D micro-nano material, layered double hydroxides have been widely used in many fields, especially for reinforced composite materials. In this paper, LiAl-LDHs was obtained by a hydrothermal method. In order to investigate the effects of LiAl-LDHs on the early hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement paste, compressive strength, setting time and hydration heat were tested while X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scaning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were employed. The results indicated that LiAl-LDHs could significantly improve the early compressive strength and shorten the setting time of calcium sulphoaluminate cement paste with 3wt% concentration. Besides, the hydration exothermic rate within 5 h was accelerated with increasing LiAl-LDHs content. Moreover, the addition of LiAl-LDHs did not result in the formation of a new phase, but increased the quantity of hydration products providing higher compressive strength, shorter setting time and denser microstructure.     

Pore Size Distribution of High Performance Metakaolin Concrete

The Compressive strength, porosity and pore size distribution of high performance metakaolin (MK) concrete were investigated. Concretes containing 0,5%,10% and 20% metakaolin were prepared at a water/cementitious material ratio (W/C) of 0.30.In parallel, concrete mixtures with the replacement of cement by 20% fly ash or 5 and 10% silica fume were prepared for comparison.The specimens were cured in water at 27℃ for 3 to 90 days .The results show that at the early age of curing(3 days and 7 days),metakaolin re-placements increase the compressine strength ,but silica fume replacement slightly reduces the compressine strength.At the age of and after 28 days ,the compressive strength of the concrete with metakaolin and silica fume replace-ment increases.A strong reduction in the total porosity and average pore diameter were observed in the conctete with MK 20% and 10% in the first 7 days.     

Effect of matrix modification on durability of cementitious composites in an acid rain environment

The durability of silane-modified mortar, a cementitious composite, in acid rain environment was investigated given its extensive usage as a structural material. The results indicated that the addition of silane decreased the compressive strength of the cementitious composite. Wetting angle was increased by incorporating silane into the matrix. Decrease in both water absorption ability and coefficient of capillary suction confirmed hydrophobicity as induced by silane addition. Results of mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the sulfuric acid resistance of mortar was enhanced by silane. Based on these results, it is revealed that silane addition inhibits the diffusion of water, and consequently, sulfate ion diffusion rate decreases, thereby resulting in reduction in the rate of corrosion of cementitious composites by sulfuric acid.