超临界CO_2萃取沉香叶挥发油工艺条件优化研究

利用超临界CO2萃取技术对沉香叶中挥发油提取的最优工艺进行研究,正交试验结果表明,在萃取温度为30℃、萃取压力为18MPa、萃取时间为2h的条件下,挥发油萃取率1.296%为最高值。采用超临界CO2萃取沉香叶挥发油与传统的水蒸气法提取方法相比,萃取效率更高,分离效果更佳明显。     

超临界CO2流体萃取香榧油的工艺优化

以香榧种仁为原料,研究超临界CO2流体萃取香榧油的工艺条件。利用单因素实验与正交实验进行优化,得到最佳工艺参数为:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度40℃,CO2流量25L/h,萃取时间3h。在此条件下香榧油得率为47.19%。各因素对香榧油得率的影响次序为:萃取压力>萃取温度>萃取时间>CO2流量。     

Deacidification of olive oil by countercurrent supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: Experimental and thermodynamic modeling

Supercritical carbon dioxide was used as an extractive solvent to remove free fatty acids from cold-pressed olive oil. Crude oil of different acidity content (from 0.5 to 4.0 wt%) was extracted in a packed column at 313 K and pressures of 180, 234 and 250 bar. The group contribution equation of state was employed to simulate the separation process, representing the oil as a simple pseudo-binary oleic acid + triolein mixture. Despite the simple representation of oil composition to simulate the deacidification process, a satisfactory agreement between the experimental and calculated yields and acidity of raffinates was obtained. The thermodynamic model was employed to study a continuous countercurrent multistage extraction process which yielded a raffinate having acidity lower than 0.7 wt%, when crude olive oil with different FFA content was processed.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取玫瑰茄籽油的响应面优化

在单因素实验基础上,以萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间为影响因素,以萃取率为指标,运用响应面实验设计法对超临界CO2萃取玫瑰茄籽油工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,在萃取温度50℃、萃取压力28MPa、萃取时间110min的条件下,玫瑰茄籽油提取率可达22%以上。     

Phytosterols and their extraction from various plant matrices using supercritical carbon dioxide: a review

Phytosterols provide important health benefits: in particular, the lowering of cholesterol. From environmental and commercial points of view, the most appropriate technique has been searched for extracting phytosterols from plant matrices. As a green technology, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide (CO₂) is widely used to extract bioactive compounds from different plant matrices. Several studies have been performed to extract phytosterols using supercritical CO₂ (SC‐CO₂) and this technology has clearly offered potential advantages over conventional extraction methods. However, the efficiency of SFE technology fully relies on the processing parameters, chemistry of interest compounds, nature of the plant matrices and expertise of handling. This review covers SFE technology with particular reference to phytosterol extraction using SC‐CO₂. Moreover, the chemistry of phytosterols, properties of supercritical fluids (SFs) and the applied experimental designs have been discussed for better understanding of phytosterol solubility in SC‐CO₂. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Lycopene extraction from tomato peel by-product containing tomato seed using supercritical carbon dioxide

This work discusses the extraction of lycopene from tomato peel by-product containing tomato seed using supercritical carbon dioxide. The presence of tomato seed in the peel by-product improved the yield of extracted lycopene. Extraction was carried out at temperatures of 70-90 °C, pressures of 20-40 MPa, a particle size of 1.05 ± 0.10 mm and flow rates of 2-4 mL/min of CO₂ for 180 min extraction time. Oil from tomato seed was extracted under similar operating conditions and analyzed using GC-MS and GC-FID, while carotenoids extracted were analyzed by HPLC. The optimum operating condition to extract lycopene, under which 56% of lycopene was extracted, was found to be 90 °C, 40 MPa, and a ratio of tomato peel to seed of 37/63. The presence of tomato seed oil helped to improve the recovery of lycopene from 18% to 56%. The concentration of lycopene in supercritical carbon dioxide as a function of density at various temperatures was determined.     

番茄红素超临界二氧化碳萃取研究

通过单因素和正交试验对番茄红素超临界CO2萃取工艺进行了优化,研究表明,最佳工艺条件为：萃取压力25MPa,萃取时间3h,萃取温度50℃,CO2流量40L／h。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取生姜的实验研究

超临界二氧化碳萃取法是使用二氧化碳作为萃取溶剂的方法。采用超临界二氧化碳萃取具有低温处理、能有效地萃取易挥发物质,无氧化变质,对人体无害,稳定安全等优点。应用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术,研究了生姜萃取的工艺条件,结合萃取压力,温度、时间、二氧化碳流量、物料粒度等参数对萃取率的影响,采用单因子变化的实验方法,得出生姜萃取率的最佳工艺条件为:压力12～20Mpa,温度35～40℃,二氧化碳流量15L/h,时间2h。并与水蒸气蒸馏法进行了对比。     

响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取杏仁油工艺的研究

采用单因素试验和响应面分析法对超临界CO2萃取杏仁油工艺进行优化.结果表明,其最佳工艺为:物料粒度40目、物料含水量5%、萃取压力40 MPa、萃取温度42℃、萃取时间144 min.该条件下,杏仁油萃取率高达97.16%.     

响应面法优化超临界CO2提取羊尾油工艺条件及理化性质研究

以羊尾油得率为考察指标,采用单因素和Box-Behnken响应面试验优化超临界CO₂提取阿勒泰大尾羊尾油的工艺条件,并对羊尾脂肪和羊尾油的理化指标进行了测定。当脂肪大小为1.41 cm³,萃取温度为49.28℃,萃取时间为3.31 h,萃取压力为25 MPa的条件下,羊尾油得率达到最高84.61%。羊尾粗脂肪含量为(88.01±0.025)%。羊尾油主要脂肪酸为油酸(40.26±0.047)%、棕榈酸(28.48±0.046)%、硬脂酸(14.27±0.044)%、肉豆蔻酸(8.49±0.017)%。可以为羊尾油的提取及工业应用提供依据。     

大蒜超临界CO2萃取物成分分析

对大蒜超临界CO2萃取物进行了GC-MS分析，借助NTST98.L数据库的质谱图数据，参考文献和人工解析对其中的20多种组分进行，定性鉴定，并利用峰面积归一化法进行了初步定量。大蒜风味物的GC-MS分析表明：大蒜超临界CO2萃取物中含有许多水蒸汽蒸馏蒜油中没有检测到的风味成分，其中最显蔷的是蒜素色谱分析中脱水衍生的3-乙烯基-l，2-二硫杂-4-环已烯(3．96％)及3-乙烯基-1．2-二硫杂-5-环己烯(17．88％)，此外还含有少量的亚油酸及油酸。     

Pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of walnut oil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the oil extraction process from walnut seeds by pressing followed by extraction with supercritical CO₂. In pressing experiments, a factorial arrangement was conducted in order to study the combined effects of seed moisture content (2.5%, 4.5% and 7.5%) and pressing temperature (25, 50 and 70 °C) on oil recovery and quality parameters. For all conditions tested, the oil quality compared well with that of cold-pressed walnut oil. Oil recovery increased significantly as moisture content raised. Highest oil recovery (89.3%) was obtained at 7.5% moisture content and 50 °C temperature. The cake resulting from pressing at these conditions was extracted with CO₂ in a high pressure pilot plant with single stage separation and solvent recycle. The effects of two different pressures (200 and 400 bar) and temperatures (50 and 70 °C) with regard to oil yield and quality, and time required for extraction were analyzed. At each condition, the extraction rate changed with the mass of solvent and extraction time. At first, the mass of oil extracted was determined by the oil solubility in CO₂ and a linear relationship was observed, where the slope results in the solubility of oil in CO₂ at the experiment conditions. After that, the extraction rate was governed by solubility and diffusion, and continuously decreased with time. The colour changed along the extraction from a whitish clear product to a yellow one. Tocopherol and carotenoid contents were significantly higher than those obtained by pressing. Extraction conditions did not affect significantly the fatty acid composition.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取黄柏挥发油工艺

使用超临界二氧化碳技术对经过超声-微波处理过的黄柏中的挥发油进行萃取,并对萃取工艺进行响应面优化。在单因素预实验的基础上,以萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间为响应因素,黄柏挥发油的萃取量为响应值,根据中心组合(Box-Behnken)实验设计原理,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,确定各工艺条件对萃取量的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对萃取前、未超声-微波处理超临界萃取后及超声-微波处理超临界萃取后的黄柏进行比较观察,对萃取效果进行了微观解释。结果表明,经过超声-微波处理过的黄柏中的挥发油超临界二氧化碳萃取最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力为34MPa,萃取温度为41℃,萃取时间为66min,萃取率达6.03%。     

超临界CO2提取辣椒油树脂工艺的研究

以红辣椒粉为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取法提取辣椒油树脂。以辣椒油树脂的收率为评价指标,确定最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力25MPa,萃取温度30℃,萃取时间3h,此条件下辣椒油树脂收率为10.09%±0.29%。对比实验结果显示:超临界CO2法所得的辣椒油树脂的色价为303±5,辣椒素质量浓度为3.7%±0.7%,均明显优于传统的索氏提取法。对超临界CO2法所得的辣椒油树脂进行二次超临界萃取,可将辣椒红色素和辣椒素进行初步分离。     

超临界CO_2萃取黑加仑籽油研究

利用超临界CO2萃取技术,对影响黑加仑油萃取工艺条件进行研究,得出最佳工艺条件:投料量300g、萃取温度30℃、萃取压力25MPa,粉碎度50目、萃取时间3.5h;在此条件下黑加仑提油率为90.78%。超临界CO2法得到黑加仑籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量达90%以上,其中γ-亚麻酸含量为15.2%,品质优于溶剂萃取。     

超临界CO2萃取胡麻油及其自氧化性质研究

研究旨在优化超临界CO2技术提取胡麻油的工艺条件并研究贮藏温度时间对其品质的影响。以胡麻籽为试验原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应曲面分析法建立了超临界CO2萃取胡麻油出油率的二次多元回归方程,探讨了压力、温度、萃取时间等关键因素对出油率的作用规律,而后采用Schaal烘箱法,研究了温度时间对所提取胡麻油的影响。结果表明:在条件萃取温度46.3℃、萃取压力31.5 Pa、萃取时间80 min下,胡麻油的出油率为41.24%;温度和时间对所提取胡麻油的氧化有显著的影响,且温度的影响更加明显。     

Enrichment of tocopherols in modified soy deodorizer distillate using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction of chemically modified Soy Deodorizer Distillate (DOD) at three levels of pressure (180–300 bar) and temperature (40–60 °C) to optimize the conditions for enrichment of tocopherols in the raffinate was carried out. After modification, soy DOD contained about 90% of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), showed improved solubility in SC-CO₂, and better extraction rate. Since fatty acid methyl esters are more volatile, they are extracted preferentially over tocopherols and other high molecular weight compounds. Higher levels of pressure and temperature resulted in increased solubility of compounds with high molecular weight and tocopherols due to increased density of SC CO₂. So the extraction at higher pressures and temperatures resulted in a better yield of FAME along with tocopherols in the extract and this in turn decreased the degree of enrichment of tocopherols in the raffinate. However, specific level of pressure and temperature of extraction caused the increase in the solubility of FAME due to their volatility and results in enhanced enrichment of tocopherols in the raffinate. It was observed that the enrichment of tocopherols to ten times the original concentration of feed occurred at extraction pressure of 180 bar and temperature of 60 °C of SC-CO₂.